Lévy–Gromov’s isoperimetric inequality for an infinite dimensional diffusion generator

 We establish, by simple semigroup arguments, a Lévy–Gromov isoperimetric inequality for the invariant measure of an infinite dimensional diffusion generator of positive curvature with isoperimetric model the Gaussian measure. This produces in particular a new proof of the Gaussian isoperimetric inequality. This isoperimetric inequality strengthens the classical logarithmic Sobolev inequality in this context. A local version for the heat kernel measures is also proved, which may then be extended into an isoperimetric inequality for the Wiener measure on the paths of a Riemannian manifold with bounded Ricci curvature. Oblatum 19-VI-1995     

An isoperimetric inequality for uniformly log-concave measures and uniformly convex bodies

We prove an isoperimetric inequality for the uniform measure on a uniformly convex body and for a class of uniformly log-concave measures (that we introduce). These inequalities imply (up to universal constants) the log-Sobolev inequalities proved by Bobkov, Ledoux [S.G. Bobkov, M. Ledoux, From Brunn-Minkowski to Brascamp-Lieb and to logarithmic Sobolev inequalities, Geom. Funct. Anal. 10 (5) (2000) 1028-1052] and the isoperimetric inequalities due to Bakry, Ledoux [D. Bakry, M. Ledoux, Lévy-Gromov's isoperimetric inequality for an infinite-dimensional diffusion generator, Invent. Math. 123 (2) (1996) 259-281] and Bobkov, Zegarliński [S.G. Bobkov, B. Zegarliński, Entropy bounds and isoperimetry, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 176 (829) (2005), x+69]. We also recover a concentration inequality for uniformly convex bodies, similar to that proved by Gromov, Milman [M. Gromov, V.D. Milman, Generalization of the spherical isoperimetric inequality to uniformly convex Banach spaces, Compos. Math. 62 (3) (1987) 263-282].     

The Dirichlet problem at infinity for random walks on graphs with a strong isoperimetric inequality

Summary We study the spatial behaviour of random walks on infinite graphs which are not necessarily invariant under some transitive group action and whose transition probabilities may have infinite range. We assume that the underlying graphG satisfies a strong isoperimetric inequality and that the transition operatorP is strongly reversible, uniformly irreducible and satisfies a uniform first moment condition. We prove that under these hypotheses the random walk converges almost surely to a random end ofG and that the Dirichlet problem forP-harmonic functions is solvable with respect to the end compactification If in addition the graph as a metric space is hyperbolic in the sense of Gromov, then the same conclusions also hold for the hyperbolic compactification in the place of the end compactification. The main tool is the exponential decay of the transition probabilities implied by the strong isoperimetric inequality. Finally, it is shown how the same technique can be applied to Brownian motion to obtain analogous results for Riemannian manifolds satisfying Cheeger's isoperimetric inequality. In particular, in this general context new (and simpler) proofs of well known results on the Dirichlet problem for negatively curved manifolds are obtained.The first author was partially supported by Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, GNAFA Current address: Department of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Scotland     

Averaged Dehn functions for nilpotent groups

Gromov proposed an averaged version of the Dehn function and claimed that in many cases it should be subasymptotic to the Dehn function. Using results on random walks in nilpotent groups, we confirm this claim for most nilpotent groups. In particular, if a nilpotent group satisfies the isoperimetric inequality δ(l)<Cl^α for α>2, then it satisfies the averaged isoperimetric inequality . In the case of non-abelian free nilpotent groups, the bounds we give are asymptotically sharp.     

Analytic inequalities,isoperimetric inequalities and logarithmic Sobolev inequalities

There is a simple equivalence between isoperimetric inequalities in Riemannian manifolds and certain analytic inequalities on the same manifold, more extensive than the familiar equivalence of the classical isoperimetric inequality in Euclidean space and the associated Sobolev inequality. By an isoperimetric inequality in this connection we mean any inequality involving the Riemannian volume and Riemannian surface measure of a subset α and its boundary, respectively. We exploit the equivalence to give log-Sobolev inequalities for Riemannian manifolds. Some applications to Schrödinger equations are also given.     

A Sharp Stability Result for the Relative Isoperimetric Inequality Inside Convex Cones

The relative isoperimetric inequality inside an open, convex cone $\mathcal{C}$ states that, at fixed volume, $B_{r} \cap\mathcal{C}$ minimizes the perimeter inside $\mathcal{C}$ . Starting from the observation that this result can be recovered as a corollary of the anisotropic isoperimetric inequality, we exploit a variant of Gromov’s proof of the classical isoperimetric inequality to prove a sharp stability result for the relative isoperimetric inequality inside $\mathcal{C}$ . Our proof follows the line of reasoning in Figalli et al.: Invent. Math. 182:167–211 (2010), though several new ideas are needed in order to deal with the lack of translation invariance in our problem.     

Acharacterization of Newtonian functions with zero boundary values

We give an intrinsic characterization of the property that the zero extension of a Newtonian function, defined on an open set in a doubling metric measure space supporting a strong relative isoperimetric inequality, belongs to the Newtonian space on the entire metric space. The theory of functions of bounded variation is used extensively in the argument and we also provide a structure theorem for sets of finite perimeter under the assumption of a strong relative isoperimetric inequality. The characterization is used to prove a strong version of quasicontinuity of Newtonian functions.     

Amenability,locally finite spaces,and bi-lipschitz embeddings

We define the isoperimetric constant for any locally finite metric space and we study the property of having isoperimetric constant equal to zero. This property, called Small Neighborhood property, clearly extends amenability to any locally finite space. Therefore, we start making a comparison between this property and other notions of amenability for locally finite metric spaces that have been proposed by Gromov, Lafontaine and Pansu, by Ceccherini-Silberstein, Grigorchuk and de la Harpe and by Block and Weinberger. We discuss possible applications of the property SN in the study of embedding a metric space into another one. In particular, we propose three results: we prove that a certain class of metric graphs that are isometrically embeddable into Hilbert spaces must have the property SN. We also show, by a simple example, that this result is not true replacing property SN with amenability. As a second result, we prove that many spaces with uniform bounded geometry having a bi-lipschitz embedding into Euclidean spaces must have the property SN. Finally, we prove a Bourgain-like theorem for metric trees: a metric tree with uniform bounded geometry and without property SN does not have bi-lipschitz embeddings into finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces.     

On the cases of equality in Bobkov's inequality and Gaussian rearrangement

We determine all of the cases of equality in a recent inequality of Bobkov that implies the isoperimetric inequality on Gauss space. As an application we determine all of the cases of equality in the Gauss space analog of the Faber-Krahn inequality. Received June 21, 1999 / Accepted June 12, 2000 / Published online November 9, 2000     

Model spaces for sharp isoperimetric inequalities

We obtain new sharp isoperimetric inequalities on a Riemannian manifold equipped with a probability measure, whose generalized Ricci curvature is bounded from below (possibly negatively), and generalized dimension and diameter of the convex support are bounded from above (possibly infinitely). Our inequalities are sharp for sets of any given measure and with respect to all parameters (curvature, dimension and diameter). Moreover, for each choice of parameters, we identify the model spaces which are extremal for the isoperimetric problem. In particular, we recover the Gromov–Lévy and Bakry–Ledoux isoperimetric inequalities, which state that whenever the curvature is strictly positively bounded from below, these model spaces are the n-sphere and Gauss space, corresponding to generalized dimension being n and ∞, respectively. In all other cases, which seem new even for the classical Riemannian-volume measure, it turns out that there is no single model space to compare to, and that a simultaneous comparison to a natural one parameter family of model spaces is required, nevertheless yielding a sharp result.     

Hofer’s metric on the space of Lagrangian submanifolds and wrapped Floer homology

In this paper, we study the relationship between wrapped Floer homology and displaceability of a Lagrangian submanifold which we call vanishing theorem of wrapped Floer homology. We also use this theorem to study Hofer’s pseudometric on the space of Lagrangian submanifolds. We prove an inequality, the Lagrangian version of the inequality of Gromov width and displacement energy, which is called energy-capacity inequality.     

Comparison theorems for exit times

We study bounds on the exit time of Brownian motion from a set in terms of its size and shape, and the relation of such bounds with isoperimetric inequalities. The first result is an upper bound for the distribution function of the exit time from a subset of a sphere or hyperbolic space of constant curvature in terms of the exit time from a disc of the same volume. This amounts to a rearrangement inequality for the Dirichlet heat kernel. To connect this inequality with the classical isoperimetric inequality, we derive a formula for the perimeter of a set in terms of the heat flow over the boundary. An auxiliary result generalizes Riesz' rearrangement inequality to multiple integrals. Submitted: February 2000, Revised version: December 2000, Final version: May 2001.     

关于四面体的Bonnesen型等周不等式

主要研究几何体的Bonnesen型等周不等式.得到了两个关于四面体的Bonnesen型等周不等式;进一步地,给出了关于四面体的等周不等式的一个简单证明.     

R3中卯形闭曲面的等周亏格的上界的注记

利用R^3中卵形结果的高斯曲率不等式以及著名的等周不等式,将R^3中卵形闭曲面的高斯曲率K应用到空间曲面的等周亏格的上界估计中,得到了R^3中卵形闭曲面的等周亏格的一个新的上界,并给出其简单证明．     

Saddle surfaces in singular spaces

The notion of a saddle surface is well known in Euclidean space. In this work we extend the idea of a saddle surface to geodesically connected metric spaces. We prove that any solution of the Dirichlet problem for the Sobolev energy in a nonpositively curved space is a saddle surface. Further, we show that the space of saddle surfaces in a nonpositively curved space is a complete space in the Fréchet distance. We also prove a compactness theorem for saddle surfaces in spaces of curvature bounded from above; in spaces of constant curvature we obtain a stronger result based on an isoperimetric inequality for a saddle surface. These results generalize difficult theorems of S.Z. Shefel' on compactness of saddle surfaces in a Euclidean space.

     

Bonnesen-style inequalities and pseudo-perimeters for polygons

In this paper, we establish some Bonnesen-style isoperimetric inequalities for plane polygons via an analytic isoperimetric inequality and an isoperimetric inequality in pseudo-perimeters of polygons.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 51M10, 51M25,52A40,26D10.     

An elementary proof of the Loomis–Whitney theorem

Loomis and Whitney proved an inequality between volume and areas of projections of an open set in n-dimensional space related to the isoperimetric inequality. They reduced the problem to a combinatorial theorem proved by a repeated use of Hölder inequality. In this paper we prove a general inequality between real numbers which easily implies the combinatorial theorem of Loomis and Whitney.

     

Isoperimetric inequalities and conjugate points on Lorentzian surfaces

Recently, an isoperimetric inequality for a sector on the Minkowski 2-spacetime has been derived by the method of parallels and the relativistic Gauss-Bonnet formula. In the present paper, we derive an isoperimetric inequality for a sector on a Lorentzian surface with curvatureK ≤ C. As a sector can be modeled by a geodesic variation of a timelike geodesic, our isoperimetric inequality gives an upper bound for the spacelike boundary of a sector. As an application of our results, we give an elementary proof of the existence of conjugate points on a Lorentzian surface with curvatureK ≤ C < 0 and we obtain an upper bound for the (timelike) diameter of a globally hyperbolic Lorentzian surface withK ≤ C < 0 by comparison of sectors.     

Lévy-Gromov's isoperimetric inequality for an infinite dimensional diffusion generator

We establish, by simple semigroup arguments, a Lévy-Gromov isoperimetric inequality for the invariant measure of an infinite dimensional diffusion generator of positive curvature with isoperimetric model the Gaussian measure. This produces in particular a new proof of the Gaussian, isoperimetric inequality. This isoperimetric inequality strengthens the classical logarithmic Sobolev inequality in this context. A local version for the heat kernel measures is also proved, which may then be extended into an isoperimetric inequality for the Wiener measure on the paths of a Riemannian manifold with bounded Ricci curvature.Oblatum 19-VI-1995     

From U-bounds to isoperimetry with applications to H-type groups

In this paper we study U-bounds in relation to L₁-type coercive inequalities and isoperimetric problems for a class of probability measures on a general metric space (RN,d). We prove the equivalence of an isoperimetric inequality with several other coercive inequalities in this general framework. The usefulness of our approach is illustrated by an application to the setting of H-type groups, and an extension to infinite dimensions.