A Bernoulli polynomial approach with residual correction for solving mixed linear Fredholm integro-differential-difference equations

In this study, an approximate method based on Bernoulli polynomials and collocation points has been presented to obtain the solution of higher order linear Fredholm integro-differential-difference equations with the mixed conditions. The method we have used consists of reducing the problem to a matrix equation which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations. The obtained matrix equation is based on the matrix forms of Bernoulli polynomials and their derivatives by means of collocations. The solutions are obtained as the truncated Bernoulli series which are defined in the interval [a,b]. To illustrate the method, it is applied to the initial and boundary values. Also error analysis and numerical examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

Extended Zeilberger's algorithm for identities on Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

We present a computer algebra approach to proving identities on Bernoulli polynomials and Euler polynomials by using the extended Zeilberger's algorithm given by Chen, Hou and Mu. The key idea is to use the contour integral definitions of the Bernoulli and Euler numbers to establish recurrence relations on the integrands. Such recurrence relations have certain parameter free properties which lead to the required identities without computing the integrals. Furthermore two new identities on Bernoulli numbers are derived.     

递归序列与高阶项式

引　　言关于递归序列与Euler-Bernoulli数和多项式、递归序列与高阶Euler-Bernoulli数和多项式的关系问题的研究一直是国内外许多学者感兴趣的课题,并有了许多研究成果(见[1]～[7]).本文首先对Euler-Bernoulli数和多项式、高阶Euler-Bernoulli数和多项式进行推广,提出高阶多元Euler数和多项式、高阶多元Bernoulli数和多项式的定义,然后讨论它们与递归序列的关系,文中得出的结果是P.F.Byrd[1],R.P.Kelisky[2]和Zhangzhizheng[3]的相应结果的推广和深化.2　定义和引理定义2.1　k阶s元Euler数E(k)v1…vs和k阶s元Bernoulli数B(k)v1…v…     

An identity of symmetry for the Bernoulli polynomials

The main purpose of this paper is to prove an identity of symmetry for the higher order Bernoulli polynomials. It turns out that the recurrence relation and multiplication theorem for the Bernoulli polynomials which discussed in [F.T. Howard, Application of a recurrence for the Bernoulli numbers, J. Number Theory 52 (1995) 157-172], as well as a relation of symmetry between the power sum polynomials and the Bernoulli numbers developed in [H.J.H. Tuenter, A symmetry of power sum polynomials and Bernoulli numbers, Amer. Math. Monthly 108 (2001) 258-261], are all special cases of our results.     

渐近于Hermite多项式的双正交系统

本文利用渐近于Gauss函数的函数类?,给出渐近于Hermite正交多项式的一类Appell多项式的构造方法,使得该序列与?的n阶导数之间构成了一组双正交系统.利用此结果,本文得到多种正交多项式和组合多项式的渐近性质.特别地,由N阶B样条所生成的Appell多项式序列恰为N阶Bernoulli多项式.从而,Bernoulli多项式与B样条的导函数之间构成了一组双正交系统,且标准化之后的Bernoulli多项式的渐近形式为Hermite多项式.由二项分布所生成的Appell序列为Euler多项式,从而,Euler多项式与二项分布的导函数之间构成一组双正交系统,且标准化之后的Euler多项式渐近于Hermite多项式.本文给出Appell序列的生成函数满足的尺度方程的充要条件,给出渐近于Hermite多项式的函数列的判定定理.应用该定理,验证广义Buchholz多项式、广义Laguerre多项式和广义Ultraspherical(Gegenbauer)多项式渐近于Hermite多项式的性质,从而验证超几何多项式的Askey格式的成立.     

The Haruki-Rassias and related integral representations of the Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

Haruki and Rassias [H. Haruki, T.M. Rassias, New integral representations for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 175 (1993) 81-90] found the integral representations of the classical Bernoulli and Euler polynomials and proved them by making use of the properties of certain functional equation. In this sequel, we rederive, in a completely different way, the results of Haruki and Rassias and deduce related and new integral representations. Our proofs are quite simple and remarkably elementary.     

关于Lucas多项式平方和的恒等式

利用广义Lucas多项式L n(x,y)的性质,通过构造组合和式T n(x,y;tx2),结合Bernoulli多项式的生成函数和Euler多项式的生成函数,采用分析学中的方法,得到两个有关L2n(x,y)的恒等式.并从这一结果出发,得到了两个推论,推广了相关文献的一些结果.     

广义n阶Euler-Bernoulli多项式

本文得到了广义n阶Euler数和广义n阶Bernoulli数,广义n阶Euler多项式和广义n阶Bernoulli多项式的关系式。     

On Appell sequences of polynomials of Bernoulli and Euler type

A construction of new sequences of generalized Bernoulli polynomials of first and second kind is proposed. These sequences share with the classical Bernoulli polynomials many algebraic and number theoretical properties. A class of Euler-type polynomials is also presented.     

Reciprocal relations of Bernoulli and Euler numbers/polynomials

By means of the symmetric summation theorem on polynomial differences due to Chu and Magli [Summation formulae on reciprocal sequences. European J Combin. 2007;28(3):921–930], we examine Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of higher order. Several reciprocal relations on Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials are established, including some recent ones obtained by Agoh Shortened recurrence relations for generalized Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. J Number Theory. 2017;176:149–173.     

Degenerate Bernoulli polynomials, generalized factorial sums, and their applications

We prove a general symmetric identity involving the degenerate Bernoulli polynomials and sums of generalized falling factorials, which unifies several known identities for Bernoulli and degenerate Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. We use this identity to describe some combinatorial relations between these polynomials and generalized factorial sums. As further applications we derive several identities, recurrences, and congruences involving the Bernoulli numbers, degenerate Bernoulli numbers, generalized factorial sums, Stirling numbers of the first kind, Bernoulli numbers of higher order, and Bernoulli numbers of the second kind.     

退化高阶伯努利多项式与广义等幂和多项式的对称等式

研究了退化伯努利多项式与广义等幂和多项式的对称关系,获得了关于多个退化高阶伯努利多项式与广义等幂和多项式的若干对称关系.     

A determinantal approach to Sheffer–Appell polynomials via monomiality principle

In this article, the Sheffer and Appell polynomials are combined to introduce the family of Sheffer–Appell polynomials by using operational methods. The determinantal definition and other properties of the Sheffer–Appell polynomials are established. As particular cases of these polynomials, the Sheffer–Bernoulli and Sheffer–Euler polynomials are introduced and their determinantal definitions are obtained. The operational correspondence between the Appell and Sheffer–Appell polynomials is used to derive the results for the Sheffer–Appell polynomials. Certain results for the Hermite–Appell and Laguerre–Appell polynomials are also obtained.     

A Discrete Analog of Euler's Summation Formula

In this paper, we prove a discrete analog of Euler's summation formula. The difference from the classical Euler formula is in that the derivatives are replaced by finite differences and the integrals by finite sums. Instead of Bernoulli numbers and Bernoulli polynomials, special numbers P_n and special polynomials P_n(x) introduced by Korobov in 1996 appear in the formula.     

Bernoulli多项式与Euler—Maclaurin公式的推广

本文提出了广义Bernoulli多项式与广义Bernoulli数,并借此得到了一类含两端点连续阶导数值求积公式的误差渐近式和推广的Euler-Maclaurin求和公式.借助于计算机代数系统进行了公式的机械推导,并列出了部分推导结果.     

A new scheme for solving nonlinear Stratonovich Volterra integral equations via Bernoulli’s approximation

In this paper, an efficient method for solving nonlinear Stratonovich Volterra integral equations is proposed. By using Bernoulli polynomials and their stochastic operational matrix of integration, these equations can be reduced to the system of nonlinear algebraic equations with unknown Bernoulli coefficient which can be solved by numerical methods such as Newton’s method. Also, an error analysis is valid under fairly restrictive conditions. Furthermore, in order to show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method, the new approach is compared with the block pulse functions method by some examples. The obtained results reveal that the proposed method is more accurate and efficient than the block pulse functions method.     

Some identities on the Bernoulli, Euler and Genocchi polynomials via power sums and alternate power sums

In this paper, by the generating function method, we establish various identities concerning the (higher order) Bernoulli polynomials, the (higher order) Euler polynomials, the Genocchi polynomials and the degenerate higher order Bernoulli polynomials. Particularly, some of these identities are also related to the power sums and alternate power sums. It can be found that, many well known results, especially the multiplication theorems, and some symmetric identities demonstrated recently, are special cases of our results.     

Higher-order convolutions for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

We prove convolution identities of arbitrary orders for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, i.e., sums of products of a fixed but arbitrary number of these polynomials. They differ from the more usual convolutions found in the literature by not having multinomial coefficients as factors. This generalizes a special type of convolution identity for Bernoulli numbers which was first discovered by Yu. Matiyasevich.     

Exact and approximation product solutions form of heat equation with nonlocal boundary conditions using Ritz–Galerkin method with Bernoulli polynomials basis

In this article, a new method is introduced for finding the exact solution of the product form of parabolic equation with nonlocal boundary conditions. Approximation solution of the present problem is implemented by the Ritz–Galerkin method in Bernoulli polynomials basis. The properties of Bernoulli polynomials are first presented, then Ritz–Galerkin method in Bernoulli polynomials is used to reduce the given differential equation to the solution of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the techniques presented in this article for finding the exact and approximation solutions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 33: 1143–1158, 2017     

New characterization of Appell polynomials

We prove characterizations of Appell polynomials by means of symmetric property. For these polynomials, we establish a simple linear expression in terms of Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. As applications, we give interesting examples. In addition, from our study, we obtain Fourier expansions of Appell polynomials. This result recovers Fourier expansions known for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials and obtains the Fourier expansions for higher order Bernoulli–Euler's one.