“一题多解”与“一题多变”一例

“一题多解”与“一题多变”,可以培养学生多角度、多层次地去思考问题和解决问题,从而养成积极思维的习惯。同时也是引导学生认真钻研课本、从“题海”中解放出来的有效措施。现举高中代数(甲种本)第二册P.239第18题为例: 已知复平面内一个等边三角形的两个顶点分别表示复数1,2 i,求第三个顶点对应的复数。分析:怎样由向量z_1z_2得到向量z_1z_2? 解一设z_1=1, z_2=2 i, z_3=x_3 y_3i, z_4=x_4 y_4i 依题意: z_1z_3=z_1z_2(cos(π)/3 isin(π)/3),     

“重合”在解析几何解题中的应用

“重合”是数学解题中的一种思考方法,本文通过一些例子来说明“重合”在解析几何解题中的某些应用。 1.点重合的应用 (1)共点问题例1 求证:任意四边形ABCD两双对边中点连线BC、FH和对角线AC、BD中点M、N的连线相交于一点。证明设A(x_1,y_1)、B(x_2,y_2)、C(x_3,y_3)、D(x_4,y_4),则E((x_1 x_2)/2,(y_1 y_2)/2),G((x_3 x_4)/2,(y_3 y_4)/2),F((x_1 x_4)/2,(y_1 y_4)/2),H((x_2 x_3)/2,(y_2 y_3)/2)。∴ EG中点P_1((x_1 x_2 x_3 x_4)/4,(y_1 y_2 y_3 y_4)/4),     

利用梯度概念求条件极值

本文介绍利用梯度概念求条件极值的问题.定理 设函数u=f(x,y,z)、(?)(x,y,z)及(?)(x,y,z)在点P_0(x_0,y_0,z_0)的某一邻域内均有一阶连续的偏导数,且,则函数u=f(x,y,z)在条件(?)(x,y,z)=0及(?)(x,y,z)=0下取得极值的必要条件为gradf(x_0,y_0,z_0)=λgrad(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0) μgrad(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0)(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0)=0,(?)(x_0,y_0,z_0)=0.其中λ、μ为常数.     

用法向量证明线面位置关系

<正>若→a⊥α,则向量→a叫做平面α的法向量,利用这条法向量就可以解决立体几何中解(证)问题.法向量的求法:设平面α的法向量为→a=(x,y,z),平面内相交两条直线所在的向量为→b=(x_1,y_1,z_1),→c=(x_2,y_2,z_2)     

一个可被中学生掌握的插值公式

在中学函数教学中,利用描点法,作出简单函数y=f(x)的图象,是要求学生必须掌握的基本功。好动脑筋的同学不禁要问:若把问题反过来,知道几个点A_1(x_1,y_1),A_2(x_2,y_2),……A_n(x_n,y_n),(其中要求x_1,x_2,…x_n两两不等)能寻求一个函数y=f(x),使其图象恰好过A_1,A_2,…A_n各     

一道几何不等式的巧证

题△ABC为正三角形,△DEF为它的内接三角形,证明△DEF的周长≥1/2△ABC的周长。解1 如图,设AD=x_1,DB=x_2,BE=y_1,EC=y_2,CF=z_1,FA=z_2,DF=t_1,DE=t_2,EF=t_3。     

对双曲线中点弦的探讨

例题已知双曲线x~2-y~2/2=1,试问过点A(1,1)能否作直线l,使它与双曲线交于M、N两点,且点A是线段MN的中点?解设M(x_1,y_1),N(x_2,y_2)则①-②得(x_1~2-x_2~2)-(y_1~2-y_2~2)=0,∴k_(MN)=(y_1-y_2)/(x_1-x_2)=(2(x_1 x_2)/(y_1 y_2)=2．     

借“形”解“数”——例谈平面上两点间距离公式的应用

<正>平面上两点间的距离公式是平面解析几何中最基本的公式,其基本内容为:已知平面上两点P_1(x_1,y_1),P2(x_2,y_2),则|P_1P_2|=((x_1-x_2)~2+(y_1-y_2)~2)~(1/2).两点间的距离公式应用广泛,不仅可以正用公式,由给出的点的坐标,求两点间的距离;还可以逆用公式,根据题目条件,设点的坐标,     

一道习题解读一次函数

<正>原题已知A(x_1,y_1),B(x_2,y_2)是一次函数y=kx+2(k<0)图像上不同的两点,则(x_1-x_2)(y_1-y_2)_______0(填">","<"或"=").解法一(用特殊值计算)一次函数上的点是任意的,不妨取点A的横坐标x_1=1,则y_1=k+2,取点B的横坐标x_2=2,则y_2=2k+2,从而可计算(x_1-x_2)(y_1-y_2)=-1(k+2-2k-2)=k<0.     

一个求最值问题的解法比较与变化

<正>若数轴上的任意两点A、B分别表示数x_1、x_2,则|x_1-x_2|表示A,B之间的距离(同学们可以自己验证或证明);对于平面直角坐标系中的任意两点A(x_1,y_1),B(x_2,y_2),我们把|x_1-x_2|+|y_1-y_2|叫做A,B两点之间的直角距离,记作d(A,B).     

基于基样条局部逼近散乱数据拟合中的Shepard方法

本文针对散乱数据拟合的shepard方法,提出了一种局部逼近的新方法.该方法以局部三次基样条函数作为Shepard公式中的权函数,新的权函数具有良好的衰减性和二阶连续性,从而改进了传统方法的不足之处,使实际应用效果更好.     

On the Approximation of Bounded Functions with Discontinuities of the First Kind by Generalized Shepard Operators

The authors investigate the approximation of bounded functions with discontinuities of the first kind by generalized Shepard operators. Estimate for the rate of convergence at a continuity point is obtained, while at the points of discontinuity it is shown that the sequence of generalized Shepard operators is almost always divergent. It is also shown that the sequence of Cesàro means of generalized Shepard operators is convergent everywhere for bounded functions which have only discontinuities of the first kind in [0,1].     

Direct and converse approximation theorems for the Shepard operator

Direct and converse approximation theorems for the Shepard operator (1) are given in uniform metric. The main result is Theorem 3 which completes the characterization of Lipschitz classes by the order of approximation by the Shepard operator for λ>2. Research supported by National Science Foundation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Grant No. 1801     

Three Conjectures on Shepard Interpolatory Operators

After establishing direct and converse approximation theorems for the Shepard interpolatory operators, J. Szabados (Approx. Theory Appl.7, No. 3, 1991, 63–76) left some open saturation problems (“the most intriguing questions” as he said), which he raised as three conjectures. The present paper proves the second parts of some conjectures, but constructs counterexamples to show that the first parts of three conjectures are not true. The constructive procedure uses some novel ideas and techniques.     

几种基于散乱数据拟合的局部插值方法

本文首先针对散乱数据拟合的Shepard方法,结合截断多项式、B样条基函数和指数函数来构造其权函数,使新的权函数具有更高的光滑度和更好的衰减性,并且其光滑性和衰减性可以根据实际需要自由调节,从而提高了曲面的拟合质量．同时还给出一种类似的局部插值方法．另外,本文还基于多重二次插值,结合多元样条的思想,给出了两个局部插值算法．该算法较好地继承了多重二次插值曲面的性质,从而保证了拟合曲面具有好地光顺性和拟合精度．曲面整体也具有较高的光滑性．     

Approximation by Shepard type pseudo-linear operators and applications to Image Processing

Recently, it has been shown that sum and product are not the only operations that can be used in order to define concrete approximation operators. Several other operations provided by fuzzy sets theory can be used. In the present paper, pseudo-linear approximation operators are investigated from the practical point of view in Image Processing. We study max–min, max–product Shepard type approximation operators together with Shepard operators based on pseudo-operations generated by an increasing continuous generator. It is shown that in several cases these outperform classical approximation operators based on sum and product operations.     

A class of piecewise interpolating functions based on barycentric coordinates

Piecewise interpolation methods, as spline or Hermite cubic interpolation methods, define the interpolant function by means of polynomial pieces and ensure that some regularity conditions are guaranteed at the break-points. In this work, we propose a novel class of piecewise interpolating functions whose expression depends on the barycentric coordinates and a suitable weight function. The underlying idea is to specialize to the 1D settings some aspects of techniques widely used in multi-dimensional interpolation, namely Shepard’s, barycentric and triangle-based blending methods. We show the properties of convergence for the interpolating functions and discuss how, in some cases, the properties of regularity that characterize the weight function are reflected on the interpolant function. Numerical experiments, applied to some case studies and real scenarios, show the benefit of our method compared to other interpolant models.     

Saturation of the Shepard operators

We discuss the Shepard operators S_n (f; x) in this paper and establish the saturation of the sequence {S_n f} _n-1 ^∞ , as well as investigate some related questions. The research of this author was supported in part by the Hungarian Science Foundation for Research, Grant. N ^o . 1157.     

Shepard-Bernoulli operators

We introduce the Shepard-Bernoulli operator as a combination of the Shepard operator with a new univariate interpolation operator: the generalized Taylor polynomial. Some properties and the rate of convergence of the new combined operator are studied and compared with those given for classical combined Shepard operators. An application to the interpolation of discrete solutions of initial value problems is given.