我国职业教育层次结构对产业结构升级影响的实证研究

本文基于2009-2020年我国东中西部地区的面板数据,利用系统广义矩估计法分析了产业结构升级受职业教育层次结构的影响。实证结果表明:我国产业结构升级受职业教育的影响较大,并且不同地区对人力资本的需求不同;中等职业教育师资力量对西部地区产业结构升级有显著正向影响,高等职业教育师资力量对东中部地区产业结构升级有显著正向影响,东中西部地区在职业教育方面的投入对产业结构升级具有显著的正向影响,而不同层次结构的职业教育规模对东中西部地区产业结构升级的影响不同。     

制度和文化感知与煤炭企业愿景认同——基于同煤集团调查数据的实证分析

探讨煤矿企业愿景认同的影响因素,对提高企业凝聚力,实现煤矿企业可持续发展具有重要意义.基于大同煤矿集团有限责任公司下属3矿矿工的问卷调查,通过建立二元Logistic回归模型,分析了影响企业愿景认同的关键因素.在得出教育程度的高低对愿景认同度具有正向作用,但月收入的高低无显著影响;制度保障对愿景认同度具有正向作用,尤其是工作考核的合理性与选拔人才的公正性对愿景认同的影响显著,但食住保障满意度对愿景认同无显著影响两个结论的同时,进一步认证了"支持型文化对愿景认同度具有显著的正向作用,但科层型文化影响不显著"研究成果.     

基于结构方程视角下的《大学生职业生涯规划》课程教学满意度研究

面对日益激烈的就业形势,大学生如何对自己在学校的学习进行计划、如何对职业生涯进行规划,这需要高校通过课程来进行指导,以便能使培养的学生更能适应日益严峻的就业形势.为了了解大学生对大学生职业生涯课程满意度,研究结合相关文献编制了大学生职业生涯规划课程满意度问卷,对云南省昆明理工大学、云南民族大学、红河学院的610名学生进行了问卷调查,共收集到有效问卷576份,通过SPSS进行问卷的信度和效度分析,运用AMOS软件构建结构方程模型.研究结果表明,学生预期、教学水平、教学方法对学生的参与度、满意度均有正向的影响,教学内容对满意度有正向的影响,但是对参与度没有显著影响.     

具有可变时滞的非线性非自治差分方程的线性化全局渐近稳定性及其应用

证明了在一定条件下,具有可变时滞的非线性非自治差分方程的全局渐近稳定性可由某种线性差分方程的渐近稳定性确定,给出了这类差分方程全局渐近稳定的充分条件.作为实例,获得了具有可变时滞的离散型非自治广义Log istic方程的全局吸收性判别准则.     

农民工城镇就业匹配决策问题研究

伴随城镇化进程的加快,农民工大量涌入城市,如何安置这些农民工、促进其就业,进而实现社会稳定和经济发展已成为政府和学术界迫切需要解决的课题.鉴于此,针对农民工就业匹配问题,利用双边匹配理论,以企业、农民工、政府三方主体满意度最大为目标,构建了农民工城镇就业匹配模型,并以案例验证了模型的有效性与适用性,给出促进农民工城镇就业匹配的对策和建议.     

新生代农民工社会网络对创业动机的影响研究

研究以新生代农民工为调查对象,通过问卷调查获得有效数据219份,运用层次回归法分析数据.结果表明,社会网络对创业动机具有正向影响,创业自我效能感在社会网络的部分子维度和创业动机间存在中介效应,主观规范正向调节创业自我效能感与创业动机的关系.据此,提出拓宽该群体的社交网络、加大创业培训支持力度以及营造良好的创业氛围等对策建议.     

残疾大学生就业能力结构及对就业结果的影响

为探究残疾大学生就业能力的结构及其对就业结果的影响,在对467名残疾大学生进行问卷调查的基础上,采用探索性因子分析得到残疾大学生就业能力的4因子结构模型,运用验证性因子分析对该模型进行了验证;并利用多元回归分析考察了残疾大学生就业能力4因子对就业结果的影响.结果表明:1)残疾大学生的就业能力包含四个因子,分别为职业认同、自我效能感、人际交往、人力资本;2)职业认同、自我效能感和人力资本对残疾大学生就业结果中的工作满意度有正向影响,职业认同、自我效能感、人际交往和人力资本对残疾大学生就业结果中的月收入有正向影响.     

商业模式对企业绩效的影响机理与实证研究——基于商业生态系统视角

以商业生态系统为研究视角,利用结构方程模型对企业商业模式与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证分析.主要结论有:企业商业模式的中间影响者、直接影响者和直接驱动者对企业绩效有显著影响,但商业模式的稳定影响者对企业的财务绩效影响不明显,对企业的市场绩效有显著影响.此外,企业的市场绩效对企业的财务绩效有显著的正向影响.研究结果表明:要实现企业业务价值,提升企业绩效,一是要强化商业模式各要素之间的联系,二是要增强稳定影响者匹配性,三是要关注直接影响者,夯实竞争基础.     

大学生创业失败归因、失败学习方式与后续创业意愿的关系——基于风险容忍力的调节作用

大学生创业失败经历对于后续创业意愿的影响十分关键.通过214份具有创业失败经历的大学生创业者的问卷调查数据,运用结构方程构建检验创业失败归因对大学生后续创业意愿的影响机制.结果表明,创业失败归因的内部性程度、可控性程度对失败学习方式和后续创业意愿有显著正向影响,利用式学习方式对后续创业意愿也有显著正向影响,但探索式学习方式对后续创业意愿有显著负向影响.创业失败学习方式在创业失败归因与后续创业意愿之间起中介作用,风险容忍力在失败学习方式与后续创业意愿之间起调节作用.     

农民工汇款与城市融入程度:基于江苏三市调查数据的实证研究

农民工是中国劳动力市场的重要组成之一,同时肩负着城市和乡村的生活.农民工家乡汇款,关系到他们对家人的责任,也间接体现他们城市融入程度.利用江苏省三个地级市农民工抽样调查数据,实证研究影响未婚农民工、已婚非举家迁移型、已婚举家迁移型农民工三大群体向家乡汇款数量变动的主要因素.研究结果显示,实际操作技能、返乡计划、回乡结婚需求等对农民工汇款存在较大的正面影响;自主创业和农民工城市社会福利改善将对农民工汇款数量形成负向影响.优质的社会福利保障将帮助农民工融入城市,也会减少其向家乡的汇款数量.     

工资发放的优化问题

根据传统经济学的观点，工人不愿意承担风险希望得到固定工资，企业主承担风险得到利润。但是根据委托代理理论的观点，由于信息不对称，在无法准确确定工人努力程度的情况下，企业主希望运用浮动工资来激励工人努力工作。因此，对工人来说，工资要尽可能地稳定，对企业主来说，工资要尽可能地与绩效挂钩。本给出了权衡这两个约束条件的最优模型。     

Perceptions of the software skills of graduates by employers in the financial services industry

Software, particularly spreadsheet software, is ubiquitous in the financial services workplace. Yet little is known about the extent to which universities should, and do, prepare graduates for this aspect of the modern workplace. We have investigated this issue through a survey of financial services employers of graduates, the results of which are reported in this paper, as well as surveys of university graduates and academics, reported previously. Financial services employers rate software skills as important, would like their employees to be more highly skilled in the use of such software, and tend to prefer ‘on-the-job’ training rather than university training for statistical, database and specialized actuarial/financial software. There is a perception among graduates that employers do not provide adequate formal workplace training in the use of technical software.     

An uncertain contract model for rural migrant worker’s employment problems

This paper studies the implementation of the employment relationship problem between the enterprise (he) and the rural migrant worker (she) in labor market. An uncertain contract model is established to maximize the expected utility of the enterprise under incentive feasible mechanism, in which the enterprise’s assessment of the rural migrant worker’s own income at home is subjective, and characterized as an uncertain variable. The crisp equivalent model is then presented and the optimal solution for the equivalent model is obtained. The results show that if the rural migrant worker’s own income at home is higher, she is less willing to pay much effort on work, i.e., the rural migrant worker’s optimal effort level decreases with her income at home. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness of the model.     

基于Leslie模型的北京市基础教育学龄人口分城乡预测

以2010年第六次人口普查数据为基点,考虑到已经开放的单独二胎政策以及全面放开的二胎政策等因素,对北京市2020—2030年基础教育学龄人口变动情况分城乡进行预测.研究发现:北京学龄人口总体上呈现先上升后下降趋势;城市学龄人口远远高于农村学龄人口;城市各个阶段学龄人口均出现了先升后降趋势;农村幼儿园学龄人口呈现快速下降趋势,小学、初中学龄人口均呈现了先升后降趋势,农村高中学龄人口呈现了"下降-上升-下降-上升"的反复波动.学龄人口的变化反映了未来教育需求的变动,在未来10-15年,北京市还需要加大教师队伍建设、加强基础设施建设,努力实现城乡教育资源均衡化,最大限度地实现教育公平.     

Examination of flexibility acquisition policies in dual resource constrained job shops with simultaneous worker learning and forgetting effects

This study investigates worker training related issues in dual resource constrained (DRC)job shop environments with the simultaneous presence of learning, forgetting (which causes relearning) and worker attrition effects. Learning and forgetting occurs as workers are trained in different departments on the shop floor. A recent survey of job shops based in the US indicates that firms are concerned about the relearning losses that accompany worker transfers, and are using a variety of strategies to reduce the effects of relearning. This study uses the learn-forget-learn (LFL) model to capture different learning and forgetting environments in order to understand whether up-front training can be used to reduce relearning and realize the benefits of worker flexibility. Results show that the existing forgetting rate has a significant impact on inventory and customer service performance. Extensive up-front training helps reduce relearning, however, it does not always help improve performance.     

基于最小错误率贝叶斯决策的企业员工招聘决策

本在[1]和[2]研究基础上，利用[1]、[2]中的分析模型和综合评价模型所得的结果。以及这两个结果正相关性。依据某大型国有企管理初级岗位3000多人的测试结果。采用最小错误率贝叶斯决策。构建了企业管理岗位初级人员招聘模型。此模型为企业根据企业化和价值观等来招聘符合企业要求的员工提供了一种方法。     

The destabilizing effects of the social norm to work under a social security system

We study employment dynamics in an OLG model with unemployment benefits financed by taxing wages, and with a defined contribution plan. The novelty with respect to recent studies of the effects of social security in this context is that we introduce a social norm to work, shaping the worker’s participation decision, and hence affecting the reservation wage. We find that a strong social norm to work destabilizes conventional wisdom by reversing the negative effects of social security on employment, and destabilizes the economy by facilitating the emergence of endogenous fluctuations.     

Supporting offshoring and nearshoring decisions for mass customization manufacturing processes

Offshore countries attract companies for a possible relocation of production processes through extremely low worker wages. Particularly, mass production processes seem to be highly appropriate for a relocation. However, while the impact of wage reductions can be directly estimated, an appropriate determination of additional cost consequences proves to be a complex task. For instance, on account of lower education standards and higher fluctuation rates, the average worker skills in offshore countries are often significantly lower than in high-wage countries like the United States. In order to appropriately analyze and evaluate the resulting tradeoff between wages and worker skills for mass customization manufacturing systems, this paper introduces a new approach that comprises a detailed mixed-model assembly line balancing. This approach provides a direct comparison of the estimated variable manufacturing costs by generating a country-dependent line layout for all competing locations. In order to validate the efficiency of the balancing approach and, in particular, derive general implications for management, several test series with various country configurations were executed. First, by attaining improvement rates of up to 40%, the capability of a generated Tabu Search procedure for finding appropriate line layouts was proven. Second, as the main result, the complexity of the variant program was identified as a crucial factor for offshoring decisions since it substantially affects variable manufacturing costs. This was particularly proven for countries with low worker skills, which attract offshoring/nearshoring through exceptionally low labor costs. Hence, companies that consider outsourcing production systems to those countries are strongly hold to examine these decisive effects thoroughly. Regarding this, offshoring becomes very promising for manufacturing processes characterized by a moderate variant complexity level.     

Stable Marriage and Genetic Algorithms: A Fertile Union

We describe a pair of genetic algorithms for solving two stable matching problems. Both stable matching problems we will consider involve a set of applicants for positions and a set of employers. Each applicant and each employer prepares a rank order list of a subset of the actors in the other set. The goal is to find an assignment of applicants to employers in which if applicant a is not assigned to employer b then either a prefers his assignment to b or b prefers its assignment toa . In other words, no applicant/employer pair can both improve their situations by dropping their current assignments in favor of each other. Our goal will be to enumerate the stable matchings. One of the problems we will consider is the well-known stable marriage problem, in which neither applicant nor employer preference lists are linked. In the other problem, we will allow pairs of applicants who form a couple to submit joint rank order lists of ordered pairs of employers.     

西藏农村初中办学条件的计量与评价

教育均衡是我国义务教育发展的重要战略,其重点关注对象是教育欠发达地区.从地域方位看,应重点关注西部地区;从地域的行政区划看,应重点关注农村地区.故选取西藏农村地区初中学校办学条件作为研究对象,运用因子分析和ward聚类分析法对2019年西藏自治区农村地区68个县级行政区进行综合排序和分类,并从基础教育教学资源、知识拓展教学资源和现代技术教学资源三个维度分析西藏农村初中办学条件,最后根据分析结果提出相应的发展建议.