上市公司信用风险分析模型中的变量选择

当前上市公司信用风险数据所呈现出的高维度以及高相关性的特点严重影响了信用风险模型的准确性。为此本文结合已有算法以及信用风险模型的特点设计了一种新的基于非参数的变量选择方法。通过该方法对上市公司用风险相关变量进行分析筛选可以消除数据集中包含的噪声变量以及线性相关变量。本文同时还针对该方法设计了高变量维度下最优解求解算法。文章以Logistic模型为例对上市公司信用风险做了实证分析,研究结果表明与以往的变量选择方法相比该方法可以有效的降低数据维度,消除变量间的相关性,并同时提高模型的可靠性和预测精度。     

信用评级模型的特征选择方法研究

特征选择是信用评级建模的重要环节,合理的特征选择能够简化模型结构和提升分类效果.借鉴w-L1SVM模型的加权思想,借助Logistic-Group-Lasso模型筛选组变量的优势,提出处理信用评级特征选择问题的加权Logistic-GroupLasso(w-LGL)模型,该模型在选择变量时更加关注误判成本较高的违约客户,且能够实现分类变量的整组处理.与常规特征选择方法相比,w-LGL模型在数值模拟与实证研究中的分类效果更好.     

个人信用评分的Adaptive Lasso-Logistic回归分析

以个人信用风险为研究对象,分析影响个人信用评分的因素.利用某商业银行个人信用数据,并采用.Adaptive Lasso-Logistic回归模型对影响顾客的个人信用风险的因素进行分析,并与传统Logistic回归模型以及Lasso-Logistic回归模型进行比较.以对顾客"好"与"坏"的二分类结果的正确比例为主要衡量标准,实证发现以.Adaptive Lassi-Logistic回归方法建立的个人信用评分模型,在变量选择和解释上,以及预测的准确性上,均优于传统的Logistic和Lasso-Logistic方法.     

新三板和A股各板块产业升级特征的实证研究

产业升级对中国未来产业发展意义重大,多层次资本市场是产业升级的坚强后盾.在分析了战略新兴产业公司的基本特征后,选用营业收入增长率、研发费用支出率、单位资产创收率三个财务指标作为战略新兴产业基本特征的替代变量.根据美国和中国的上市公司财务数据及高科技产业占GDP比例等数据,采用Johansen方法分析三个财务指标和国家产业升级之间的协整关系,阐明了三个财务指标作为替代变量的可靠性.在此基础上,再基于三个财务指标建立Logistic回归模型,实证分析比较我国新三板公司和A股各板块公司整体产业升级特征,发现新三板公司产业升级特征最为明显,并依此给出了相应政策建议.     

跳-扩散结构下内含巴黎期权特征的可转债定价研究

考虑了跳-扩散结构下的可转换债券定价问题.首先分析了回售、赎回等条款,发现可转换债券具有巴黎期权特征.然后,根据期权定价理论,运用近似对冲跳跃风险的方法,建立了可转换债券的定价模型,得到了可转换债券价格所满足的偏微分方程.基于半离散化方法,给出了偏微分方程求解的数值方法,并且对数值方法的稳定性和误差进行了分析.最后,以重工转债和南山转债为例,对可转债市场进行了实证研究.     

基于投资者风险偏好的上市公司投资价值分类模型

从投资者的角度出发,建立上市公司投资价值分类模型.提出基于投资者风险偏好变量的分类模型,并采用广义最小二乘支持向量机进行求解.实证分析表明,模型能很好的体现投资者的风险偏好,并且算法也能针对问题有效的进行处理,在机器学习方法中融入投资者的个人决策具有可行性和有效性.     

多层感知器信用评模型及预警研究

本文利用多层感知器 ( MLP)原理建立神经网络信用评价模型 ,用来对我国 2 0 0 0年 1 0 6家上市公司进行信用评级 ,并进一步对我国 2 0 0 1年公布的 1 3家预亏公司进行预警研究 .按照各上市公司的经营状况分为“好”、“差”两类 ,每一类由 5 3家上市公司构成数据样本 .对于每一家上市公司 ,主要考虑其经营状况的四个财务指标 :每股收益 ,每股净资产 ,净资产收益率和每股现金流量 .仿真结果表明 ,本文所建立的神经网络信用评价模型有很高的分类准确率 ,达到 98.1 1 % .又由于该信用评价模型有很强的适应能力 ,故可以进一步用来对企业的财务危机进行预警研究 .预警实证分析表明 ,该信用评价模型对我国 2 0 0 1年公布的 1 3家预亏公司进行预警分析 ,预警准确率达到 1 0 0 % .此外 ,文中还给出 MLP网络模型的学习算法和步骤     

基于L_(1/2)正则化Logistic回归的上市公司财务危机预警模型

针对财务危机预警模型指标存在信息冗余及Logistic回归模型预测精度有待提高的不足,利用L_(1/2)范数惩罚技术优化Logistic回归模型,构建基于L_(1/2)正则化Logistic回归的上市公司财务危机预警新模型.通过以沪深股市制造业股票交易得到特别处理(Special Treatment, ST)公司和非ST公司为研究对象,对比研究传统Logistic回归和L_1正则化Logistic回归模型的预测结果,实证研究表明:通过L_(1/2)正则化的Logistic回归模型不仅可以实现参数估计和变量选择,而且具有更高的预测精度和泛化能力.研究体现了新模型对预警问题的合理性和优越性,为上市公司财务危机预警后续研究提供一定的借鉴.     

网络小额贷款业务个人信用风险评估——基于DNN-SMOTEENN-ExtraTrees组合模型

针对网络小额贷款业务,构建组合模型DNN-SMOTEENN-ExtraTrees评估网络小贷信用风险.首先利用SMOTEENN算法处理样本数据中“好”和“坏”样本分布极端不平衡情况,再利用极端随机数算法ExtraTrees对特征重要性进行评估并剔除无关变量,最后采用深度神经网络DNN评估网络小贷个人信用风险.通过召回率、精确度、F1值和AUC值等模型性能评价指标,与BP神经网络模型、Logistic回归及支持向量机比较,发现组合模型分类能力更显著,泛化能力更加优异,更适合数据规模大、维度高的网络小贷市场评估信用风险.     

L1正则化Logistic回归在财务预警中的应用

线性模型和广义线性模型已广泛地用于社会经济、生产实践和科学研究中的数据分析和数据挖掘等领域,如公司财务预警,引入L1范数惩罚技术的模型在估计模型系数的同时能实现变量选择的功能,本文将L1范数正则化Logistic回归模型用于上市公司财务危机预报,结合沪深股市制造业ST公司和正常公司的T-2年财务数据开展实证研究,舛比Logistic回归和L2正则化Logistic回归模型进行对比分析.实验结果表明L1正则化Logistic回归模型的有效性,其在保证模型预测精度的同时提高模型的解释性.     

Credit rating analysis using adaptive fuzzy rule-based systems: an industry-specific approach

This paper presents an analysis of credit rating using fuzzy rule-based systems. The disadvantage of the models used in previous studies is that it is difficult to extract understandable knowledge from them. The root of this problem is the use of natural language that is typical for the credit rating process. This problem can be solved using fuzzy logic, which enables users to model the meaning of natural language words. Therefore, the fuzzy rule-based system adapted by a feed-forward neural network is designed to classify US companies (divided into the finance, manufacturing, mining, retail trade, services, and transportation industries) and municipalities into the credit rating classes obtained from rating agencies. Features are selected using a filter combined with a genetic algorithm as a search method. The resulting subsets of features confirm the assumption that the rating process is industry-specific (i.e. specific determinants are used for each industry). The results show that the credit rating classes assigned to bond issuers can be classified with high classification accuracy using low numbers of features, membership functions, and if-then rules. The comparison of selected fuzzy rule-based classifiers indicates that it is possible to increase classification performance by using different classifiers for individual industries.     

Discriminant Analysis in Schizophrenia based on Neural Network

In this paper, we use neural network to classify schizophrenia patients and healthy control subjects. Based on 4005 high dimensions feature space consist of functional connectivity about 63 schizophrenic patients and 57 healthy control as the original data, attempting to try different dimensionality reduction methods, different neural network model to find the optimal classification model. The results show that using the Mann-Whitney U test to select the more discrimination features as input and using Elman neural network model for classification to get the best results, can reach a highest accuracy of 94.17%, with the sensitivity being 92.06% and the specificity being 96.49%. For the best classification neural network model, we identified 34 consensus functional connectivities that exhibit high discriminative power in classification, which includes 26 brain regions, particularly in the thalamus regions corresponding to the maximum number of functional connectivity edges, followed by the cingulate gyrus and frontal region.     

Knowledge discovery using a neural network simultaneous optimization algorithm on a real world classification problem

Artificial neural networks have been shown to perform well for two-group classification problems. However, current research has yet to determine a method for identifying relevant input variables in the neural network model for real world classification problems. The common practice in neural network research is to include all available input variables that could possibly contribute to the model without determination of whether they help in estimating the unknown function. One problem with this avenue of neural network research is the inability to extract the knowledge that could be useful to researchers by identifying those input variables that contribute to estimating the true underlying function of the data. A method has been proposed in past research, the Neural Network Simultaneous Optimization Algorithm (NNSOA), which was shown to be successful for a limited number of continuous problems. This research proposes using the NNSOA on a real world classification problem that not only finds good solutions for estimating unknown functions, but can also correctly identify those variables that contribute to the model.     

上市公司财务危机预警的实证研究

以是否被特别处理为财务危机标志,利用我国上市公司近几年的年报财务数据,选取了财务危机和健康企业各50家作为开发样本.首先研究了开发样本财务指标的数据特征和财务危机出现前3年内这两类企业的财务指标的显著性差异,其后利用因子分析法筛选了8个指标作为建立模型的自变量,运用Logistic模型构建了上市公司财务危机预测模型,并对估计样本的40家企业进行了检验.实证分析结果表明:其一,我国上市公司财务比率不服从正态分布;其二,尽管我国资本市场的会计数据质量不尽人意,但财务数据仍具有一定的信息含量;其三,利用开发样本构建的Logistic模型在财务危机发生前1年和前2年有比较高回判准确率,估计样本在财务危机发生前1年和前2年有比较高的预测准确率.     

A locally linear neuro-fuzzy model for supplier selection in cosmetics industry

Supplier selection and evaluation is a complicated and disputed issue in supply chain network management, by virtue of the variety of intellectual property of the suppliers, the several variables involved in supply demand relationship, the complex interactions and the inadequate information of suppliers. The recent literature confirms that neural networks achieve better performance than conventional methods in this area. Hence, in this paper, an effective artificial intelligence (AI) approach is presented to improve the decision making for a supply chain which is successfully utilized for long-term prediction of the performance data in cosmetics industry. A computationally efficient model known as locally linear neuro-fuzzy (LLNF) is introduced to predict the performance rating of suppliers. The proposed model is trained by a locally linear model tree (LOLIMOT) learning algorithm. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed model, three intelligent techniques, multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network, radial basis function (RBF) neural network and least square-support vector machine (LS-SVM) are considered. Their results are compared by using an available dataset in cosmetics industry. The computational results show that the presented model performs better than three foregoing techniques.     

Difficulties in Estimating the Normalizing Constant of the Posterior for a Neural Network

This article reviews a number of methods for estimating normalizing constants in the context of neural network regression. Model selection or model averaging within the Bayesian approach requires computation of the normalizing constant of the posterior. This integral can be challenging to estimate, particularly for a neural network where the posterior contours are neither unimodal nor Gaussian-shaped. Surprisingly, all of the methods discussed in this article have a large amount of difficulty with this problem.     

FA-RBF复合神经网络模型及其在地下水位预测中的应用

地下水动态变化过程呈现出高度复杂的非线性特征,增加了地下水位预测的难度.为充分反映地下水位变化过程中自变量和因变量之间的非线性映射关系,克服在获取水文地质参数与查明水文地质条件方面的困难,避免部分智能方法实现繁琐复杂、计算效率低、限制条件多等不足,提出将因子分析方法与RBF神经网络算法构成复合模型,用于地下水位预测.结果表明,复合模型可以用于地下水位预测,模型计算结果可靠,网络训练时间缩短,计算精度有所提高;而且有成熟算法,实现简单.     

MEA-BP模型在遥感影像分类中的应用研究

遥感影像分类作为遥感技术的一个重要应用,对遥感技术的发展具有重要作用.针对遥感影像数据特点,在目前的非线性研究方法中主要用到的是BP神经网络模型.但是BP神经网络模型存在对初始权阈值敏感、易陷入局部极小值和收敛速度慢的问题.因此,为了提高模型遥感影像分类精度,提出采用MEA-BP模型进行遥感影像数据分类.首先采用思维进化算法代替BP神经网络算法进行初始寻优,再用改进BP算法对优化的网络模型权阈值进一步精确优化,随后建立基于思维进化算法的BP神经网络分类模型,并将其应用到遥感影像数据分类研究中.仿真结果表明,新模型有效提高了遥感影像分类准确性,为遥感影像分类提出了一种新的方法,具有广泛研究价值.     

Learning Bayesian network classifiers by risk minimization

Bayesian networks (BNs) provide a powerful graphical model for encoding the probabilistic relationships among a set of variables, and hence can naturally be used for classification. However, Bayesian network classifiers (BNCs) learned in the common way using likelihood scores usually tend to achieve only mediocre classification accuracy because these scores are less specific to classification, but rather suit a general inference problem. We propose risk minimization by cross validation (RMCV) using the 0/1 loss function, which is a classification-oriented score for unrestricted BNCs. RMCV is an extension of classification-oriented scores commonly used in learning restricted BNCs and non-BN classifiers. Using small real and synthetic problems, allowing for learning all possible graphs, we empirically demonstrate RMCV superiority to marginal and class-conditional likelihood-based scores with respect to classification accuracy. Experiments using twenty-two real-world datasets show that BNCs learned using an RMCV-based algorithm significantly outperform the naive Bayesian classifier (NBC), tree augmented NBC (TAN), and other BNCs learned using marginal or conditional likelihood scores and are on par with non-BN state of the art classifiers, such as support vector machine, neural network, and classification tree. These experiments also show that an optimized version of RMCV is faster than all unrestricted BNCs and comparable with the neural network with respect to run-time. The main conclusion from our experiments is that unrestricted BNCs, when learned properly, can be a good alternative to restricted BNCs and traditional machine-learning classifiers with respect to both accuracy and efficiency.     

V-fold交叉验证和BP神经网络在信用评价中的应用

研究关于公司神经网络信用评估问题的现状，提出一套甄选方法准则。用于建立适合于我国企业的信用评分指标体系；然后依据该指标体系建立了基于BP回归神经网络的信用评估模型；采用V—fold交叉验证技术，利用样本公司实际指标数据对该模型的评分效果进行了实证研究。