《运筹与管理》2017年变更刊期及征订启事

<正>《运筹与管理》是中国运筹学会主办的学术性期刊。宗旨是交流运筹学与管理科学工作者的研究成果,推进运筹学在经济计划、投资决策、风险分析、企业管理、生产控制、结构优化、信息技术及军事领域的应用。主要刊登运筹学和管理科学方面的学术研究成果及在国民经济各部门中创造性地解决实际问题行之有效的方法与经验。《运筹与管理》现在是:中文核心期刊中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)来源期刊     

基于社会网络分析的“系统科学大会”可视化探析

考察某领域研究的学术会议对本领域科研工作具有重要意义.文章以第一届"系统科学大会"(CSSC2017)的399篇投稿为数据基础,采用自然语言处理相关方法对数据预处理后构建关键词网络、合著网络、作者共享关键词网络以及机构共享关键词网络等单模网,基于社会网络分析的方法对网络结构以及节点中心性进行探析,通过网络分析工具Gephi可视化系统科学领域当前研究热点、研究人员、研究机构等之间的关系,进而定量地考察系统科学大会所反映的该领域的地域特性、学科特性以及合作状况,最后通过构建关键词/领域、作者/领域和机构/领域3个二模网络进一步分析研究焦点、作者、机构与领域之间的关系.     

基于社会网络分析方法的前沿科学领域的国际合作特征及演化规律分析

社会网络分析方法是将人在社会环境中的相互作用,表达为基于关系的一种模式或规则的研究方法,通过对这种模式或规则的量化分析,来解释物质或社会结构的发展规律.近年来,研究方法在世界政治和经济体系、国际贸易、职业流动、城市化过程中社会结构的变迁、互联网对人类行为的影响等领域得到广泛应用,并发挥了重要作用.通过社会网络分析和科学计量学的方法,选取Thomson Reuters评选的2013-2015的前沿领域的论文为样本,以临床医学领域、化学与材料科学以及物理学为例分析了国际合作情况;以时间纬度为轴,分析了国际合作网络的演化特征.研究结果显示,上述三个学科领域的前沿研究的国际科技合作率均呈逐年上升的趋势;从合作网络演化分析,合作率在逐步上升;中国在国际合作网络中的地位也在逐渐提高,其中在化学与材料科学领域,中国的国际合作网络中心性全球排名第三.     

英国运筹五十年：成就、困境和出路

英国是运筹学的发源地,五十年来对运筹学的创立,发展和推广起了重要作用,但到九十年代,情况起到了很大变化;运筹工作小组大量关闭;运筹学系基本消失,运筹工作另谋出路,为此,英国运筹学会拨出专款进行调研,组织专家讨论,在国际期刊上发表调研报告和讨论专辑,分析当前运筹学的困境和未来的路向,本对此进行介绍和探讨,希望对社会-经济转型时期的中国运筹学界和运筹工作有借鉴作用。     

基于文献计量学的国内模糊集研究现状分析

模糊集理论自提出以来在我国发展迅速,本文以1977年来中国知网所收录的11593篇文献为样本,通过对文献被引情况、学科分布、文献来源以及作者机构合作、关键词进行分析,探讨模糊集理论在我国的发展现状。结果表明,我国模糊集理论研究已进入成熟阶段,研究主要集中在数学和计算机科学等学科;已形成稳定的作者群,以机构内部合作为主而跨机构合作较少;在理论发展过程中理论研究、理论创新与实际应用并重,呈现出广泛与其他学科交叉发展的趋势。     

中国数学会运筹学会关于发展团体会员的通知

为了使运筹学在我国四化建设中发挥更大的作用,加强不同学科之间的横向联系,经常务理事会讨论,决定发展中国数学会运筹学会团体会员.凡从事运筹学及有关领域的教学、科研或致力于运筹方法应用推广的高等院校(或系、室)、中等专科学校、科研设计单位,厂矿企业等实际部门和部委、厅局等领导机关都可申请加入作为团体会员.团体会员的权利:     

碳税政策下三级供应链碳减排与定价决策及社会福利研究

考虑制造商的生产过程和运输商的运输过程都产生碳排放,建立一条由制造商、运输商与零售商组成的三级供应链,运用Stackelberg博弈和Nash博弈分析三级供应链在碳税政策下的最优碳减排、产品定价、系统利润与社会福利等关键指标的状态.讨论了四种情形:1)碳减排领域和产品定价领域都不合作的无合作决策;2)碳减排领域合作但产品定价领域不合作的局部合作决策Ⅰ;3)产品定价领域合作但碳减排领域不合作的局部合作决策Ⅱ;4)碳减排领域和产品定价领域都合作的全面合作决策.研究表明,随着供应链成员之间合作程度的逐步加深,供应链系统的经济效益(系统利润)、社会效益(产品定价和社会福利)、环境效益(最优碳减排量)越来越优.同时,研究了碳税税率变动对最优碳减排和产品定价决策的影响,推导了供应链协调契约中成员企业利润分配比例的有效区间.最后,通过一个数值算例对所给的部分定理与结论进行验证.     

从合著网络及其变化看干细胞研究领域的国际科研合作

基于合著论文数据,运用文献计量和社会网络分析方法系统分析了2000-2014年期间干细胞研究领域国家间科研合作网络的结构与演化特征,对比了干细胞研究论文高产国家的国际合作模式与研究影响力.研究发现,干细胞研究领域国际科研合作规模不断扩大,一张高度连通世界各国的科研合作网络已基本形成;高产国家集中于北美、欧洲和东亚,美国、英国、德国和法国长期处于网络的中心位置;中国的干细胞研究论文高速增长,网络地位不断提升;美国与欧洲论文高产国家组成了密切的多边合作群体,亚洲论文高产国家的国际合作以与美国合作为主;欧美论文高产国家的研究影响力高于亚洲高产国家,中国干细胞研究的整体水平还与其他高产国家有较大差距.     

中美数学研究人员交流计划申请指南

为了加强中美青年科学家在数学领域交流,营造有利于中国科研人员参与国际(地区)合作与竞争的良好环境,鼓励基金承担者开展积极而富有成效的国际合作与交流.中国国家自然科学基金委员会和美国基金会就数学领域的合作签署合作备忘录,共同支持中美数学研究人员.     

强化学习在运筹学的应用:研究进展与展望

强化学习已经成为人工智能领域一个新的研究热点,并已成功应用于各领域,强化学习将运筹优化领域的很多问题视为序贯决策问题,建模为马尔可夫决策过程并进行求解,在求解复杂、动态、随机运筹优化问题具有较大的优势。本文主要对强化学习在运筹优化领域的应用进行综述,首先介绍了强化学习的基本原理及其应用于运筹优化领域的研究框架,然后回顾并总结了强化学习在库存控制、路径优化、装箱配载和车间作业调度等方面的研究成果,并将最新的深度强化学习以及传统方法在运筹学领域的应用研究进行了对比分析,以突出深度强化学习的优越性。最后提出几个值得进一步探讨的研究方向,期望能为强化学习在运筹优化领域的研究提供参考。     

基于知识图谱的运筹学发展现状及趋势研究

借助于Citespace软件对web of science上2006年到2015年之间以运筹学为主题的3166篇学术论文进行分析,梳理了运筹学这十年间的发展脉络、重要文献、研究热点和前沿等。研究发现,目前美国在运筹学研究领域依然遥遥领先,英国、中国等也取得了较为丰硕的成果。近十年对运筹学发展有较大影响的成果主要有Stahlbock R在2008对运筹学在港口的作业组织和控制,码头运作计划和调度应用的总结;19世纪70年代和80年代由Charnes A和Cooper W W以及 Rhodes E开创的CCR和BCC模型;1979年由Garey M R总结的具有三百个具有NP完全性的问题;由Goldberg D E在1989年对于遗传算法的论著等。研究热点领域主要集中在集装箱码头调度运输方面的研究。研究前沿主要集中在管理科学、战略制定、遗传算法、人员排班、数据包络分析等问题。     

Spreading the gospel of management science: operational research in Iron and Steel, 1950–1970

This paper builds on the author's earlier work on the history of operational research by presenting an analysis of the development of the discipline in Iron and Steel, an industry long regarded as one of the outstanding pioneers in the application of management science to decision-making processes. The contribution of Sir Charles Goodeve and BISRA to the diffusion and practice of operational research is well-documented. Less well known is the reaction to operational research within the managerial hierarchies of the private sector iron and steel companies. In the light of the development of dedicated operational research groups by the leading companies after 1950, it might be assumed that the industry was highly receptive to the discipline in terms of its perceived benefits. The present paper questions this assumption by highlighting the problems encountered by operational researchers in two of the largest Iron and Steel Companies which gave every appearance of being at the forefront of the practice of management science in British industry. Where appropriate, the paper draws contrasts and comparisons with the development of operational research within the nationalised Coal Industry.     

Forecasting and operational research: a review

From its foundation, operational research (OR) has made many substantial contributions to practical forecasting in organizations. Equally, researchers in other disciplines have influenced forecasting practice. Since the last survey articles in JORS, forecasting has developed as a discipline with its own journals. While the effect of this increased specialization has been a narrowing of the scope of OR's interest in forecasting, research from an OR perspective remains vigorous. OR has been more receptive than other disciplines to the specialist research published in the forecasting journals, capitalizing on some of their key findings. In this paper, we identify the particular topics of OR interest over the past 25 years. After a brief summary of the current research in forecasting methods, we examine those topic areas that have grabbed the attention of OR researchers: computationally intensive methods and applications in operations and marketing. Applications in operations have proved particularly important, including the management of inventories and the effects of sharing forecast information across the supply chain. The second area of application is marketing, including customer relationship management using data mining and computer-intensive methods. The paper concludes by arguing that the unique contribution that OR can continue to make to forecasting is through developing models that link the effectiveness of new forecasting methods to the organizational context in which the models will be applied. The benefits of examining the system rather than its separate components are likely to be substantial.     

Modelling and analysis of sustainable operations management: certain investigations for research and applications

Sustainable operations management (SOM) can be defined as the operations strategies, tactics and techniques, and operational policies to support both economic and environmental objectives and goals. The subject of sustainability has gained much attention from both researchers and practitioners in the past 6–8 years. Most of the articles deal with sustainability from environmental perspectives, but a limited number of them integrate both economic and environmental implications or focus on trading-off between profitability, competitiveness and environmental dimensions. Moreover, there is a limited focus on modelling and analysis (MA) of SOM integrating and balancing the interests of both economic and environmental interests. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this paper to review the extant literature on SOM. The objective is to understand the definition of SOM and present the current status of research in MA, as well as future research directions in the field. Considering the recent focus of the subject, we review the literature on MA of SOM beginning in 2000 in order to make our study current and more relevant for both researchers and practitioners. Finally, a summary of findings and conclusions is reported.     

On the Nature of OR — Entering the Fray

In 1980 a seminar of operational researchers and practitioners from a variety of different countries concluded that there was a remarkable consensus about the way that the process of operational research and systems analysis should be understood and practised. Since then the development of new methods has continued apace, stimulated by interaction with the social sciences and paradigms other than natural science. This paper enters the debate, started in this journal, about the nature of OR's status as science or technology. It recognizes the historic claims of science on OR, but it suggests that for ‘private’ consumption, technology will prove more fruitful, and for ‘public’ consumption practitioners will increasingly adopt the label ‘consultant’. Ackoff's original six-step method of OR is updated to reflect current OR practice. The process suggested acknowledges the importance of context, socio-political factors and the growing role of facilitation.     

Yield management in UK hotels: a systems analysis

A yield management (YM) system is one of the most recent examples of systems development in the hotel industry. YM systems interact with global distribution systems, property management systems and front office systems. However, despite the prevalence of the term ‘systems’, little operational research or systems analysis has been conducted in the hotel sector. In hospitality research journals, yield management is the most researched aspect of hotel operations, but such research is largely conceptual, with limited examples of empirical or systems analysis. This study was designed to undertake, for the first time, a soft systems analysis of yield management in hotels and to develop a systems model. Research was conducted in a number of hotels implementing yield management. One of the case studies is presented to illustrate this. Using this conceptual model, YM theory is critiqued, YM practice is discussed, and subsequently a number of YM issues are identified.     

运筹学在整车物流智能调度决策支持系统中的研究与应用

本文基于整车物流智能调度决策支持系统的研发、实施与运维的成功应用,论述运筹学在智能化上的应用路径以及实践驱动的学术路径。该系统是国内较早在汽车物流企业实现落地的智能化调度系统,其所形成的思想理论与方法技术揭示了运筹学在智能化应用上的核心价值,以及实践驱动的学术价值,对解决“卡脖子”难题提供示范性思路。本文提出运筹学在智能化研发上“三环七步”的整体研发框架。首先,分析智能化需求的运筹学特征,详细介绍汽车整车物流的发展趋势、瓶颈及智能调度需求;其次,论述运筹学系统模型的作用与建模方法,分析汽车整车物流系统模型的决策要素、目标及约束,提出汽车整车物流智能调度的运筹学应用问题。然后,提出“模式装箱”的新装箱理论问题,明确问题的计算难解性、可解性及核心科学特征。进一步,建立汽车整车物流调度应用问题与科学问题的混合整数线性规划模型;提出求解汽车整车物流调度问题的分支定界算法,以及大规模问题求解的时空分解及滚动求解方法与技术;提出面向运筹应用的生产测试及压力测试方法,给出汽车整车物流调度的测试分析的流程与结果。此外,提出深度集成整车运输管理系统与仓库管理系统、优化算法引擎驱动的分布式、多视图、多系统融合的智能调度决策支持系统。最后,论述该系统在实施过程中的推广使用和运维情况,并对运筹学应用及实践驱动的科学研究进行总结与展望。     

Perspectives of approximate dynamic programming

Approximate dynamic programming has evolved, initially independently, within operations research, computer science and the engineering controls community, all searching for practical tools for solving sequential stochastic optimization problems. More so than other communities, operations research continued to develop the theory behind the basic model introduced by Bellman with discrete states and actions, even while authors as early as Bellman himself recognized its limits due to the “curse of dimensionality” inherent in discrete state spaces. In response to these limitations, subcommunities in computer science, control theory and operations research have developed a variety of methods for solving different classes of stochastic, dynamic optimization problems, creating the appearance of a jungle of competing approaches. In this article, we show that there is actually a common theme to these strategies, and underpinning the entire field remains the fundamental algorithmic strategies of value and policy iteration that were first introduced in the 1950’s and 60’s.     

Justifying the methods of OR

Operational research practitioners use mathematical, statistical, scientific, and other methods to structure and analyse issues in order to advise and assist their clients. In doing so they apply values, follow rules and use methodologies. The paper examines the justification of these methods, values and methodologies. Starting with a conceptual model drawn from the philosophy of science, a justification framework is developed for operational research (OR). Making a distinction between OR academic research and OR practice helps to clarify the issues. OR research is similar to scientific, mathematical and social science research; OR practice, as technology, is closer to engineering. While OR academic researchers will seek justification in the academic discipline within which they choose to work, it is argued that the justification of OR practice lies in its usefulness. For academic OR, justification lies in the justification of mathematics, statistics, science and social science; for practice, it is practitioners who decide what usefulness means in their context.     

利益驱动对创新网络合作行为演化的影响机理及仿真——基于复杂网络拓扑结构视角

随着合作创新的网络化发展,创新网络中各主体的利益诉求对网络演化的影响不断加深。基于不同网络拓扑结构视角下不同利益对创新网络主体合作行为的影响,建立了创新网络演化博弈模型。在无标度与小世界网络拓扑结构下,结合声誉机制、学习行为、网络环境等因素,对创新网络中合作行为的演化进行了仿真研究。结果表明:创新网络的合作行为演化受到网络结构及规模的双重影响,在无标度网络下,合作率更加稳定;合作利益的公平分配促进创新网络合作行为的演化;机会利益的诱惑导致创新网络合作行为的显著波动。