Investigation of CO and formaldehyde oxidation over mesoporous Ag/Co3O4 catalysts

CO and formaldehyde(HCHO)oxidation reactions were investigated over mesoporous Ag/Co3O4 catalysts prepared by one-pot(OP)and impregnation(IM)methods.It was found that the one-pot method was superior to the impregnation method for synthesizing Ag/Co3O4 catalysts with high activity for both reactions.It was also found that the catalytic behavior of mesoporous Co3O4 and Ag/Co3O4 catalysts for the both reactions was different.And the addition of silver on mesoporous Co3O4 did not always enhance the catalytic activity of final catalyst for CO oxidation at room temperature(20 C),but could significantly improve the catalytic activity of final catalyst for HCHO oxidation at low temperature(90 C).The high surface area,uniform pore structure and the pretty good dispersion degree of the silver particle should be responsible for the excellent low-temperature CO oxidation activity.However,for HCHO oxidation,the addition of silver played an important role in the activity enhancement.And the silver particle size and the reducibility of Co3O4 should be indispensable for the high activity of HCHO oxidation at low temperature.     

Cu-Co bi-metal catalyst prepared by perovskite CuO/LaCoO3 used for higher alcohol synthesis from syngas

Cu-Co bi-metal catalysts derived from CuO/LaCoO3 perovskite structure were prepared by one-step citrate complexing method, and the structure evolution reaction from CuO/LaCoO3 to Cu-Co2C/La202CO3 under 1-12 pretreatment was investigated by techniques of XRD, TPR and TEM. The results suggest that a much higher dispersion of copper significantly enhanced the reduction of cobalt, and a stronger interaction between copper and cobalt ions in LaCoO3 particles led to the formation of bi-metallic Cu-Co particles in the reduced catalysts and the enrichment of Co on the surface of bimetallic particles. The prepared catalysts were highly active and selective for the alcohol synthesis from syngas due to the presence of copper-modified C02C species.     

Comparing the deactivation behaviour of Co/CNT and Co/γ-Al2O3 nano catalysts in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

An extensive study of Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis on cobalt nano particles supported on γ-alumina and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) catalysts is reported.20 wt% of cobalt is loaded on the supports by impregnation method.The deactivation of the two catalysts was studied at 220 C,2 MPa and 2.7 L/h feed flow rate using a fixed bed micro-reactor.The calcined fresh and used catalysts were characterized extensively and different sources of catalyst deactivation were identified.Formation of cobalt-support mixed oxides in the form of xCoO yAl2O3 and cobalt aluminates formation were the main sources of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst deactivation.However sintering and cluster growth of cobalt nano particles are the main sources of the Co/CNTs catalyst deactivation.In the case of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst,after 720 h on stream of continuous FT synthesis the average cobalt nano particles diameter increased from 15.9 to 18.4 nm,whereas,under the same reaction conditions the average cobalt nano particles diameter of the Co/CNTs increased from 11.2 to 17.8 nm.Although,the initial FT activity of the Co/CNTs was 26% higher than that of the Co/γ-Al2O3,the FT activity over the Co/CNTs after 720 h on stream decreased by 49% and that over the Co/γ-Al2O3 by 32%.For the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst 6.7% of total activity loss and for the Co/CNTs catalyst 11.6% of total activity loss cannot be recovered after regeneration of the catalyst at the same conditions of the first regeneration step.It is concluded that using CNTs as cobalt catalyst support is beneficial in carbon utilization as compared to γ-Al2O3 support,but the Co/CNTs catalyst is more susceptible for deactivation.     

Catalytic methanation reaction over alumina supported cobalt oxide doped noble metal oxides for the purification of simulated natural gas

A series of alumina supported cobalt oxide based catalysts doped with noble metals such as ruthenium and platinum were prepared by wet impregnation method.The variables studied were difference ratio and calcination temperatures.Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 700 ℃ was found to be the best catalyst which able to convert 70.10% of CO2 into methane with 47% of CH4 formation at maximum temperature studied of 400 ℃.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that this catalyst possessed the active site Co3O4 in face-centered cubic and PtO2 in the orthorhombic phase with Al2O3 existed in the cubic phase.According to the FESEM micrographs,both fresh and spent Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalysts displayed small particle size with undefined shape.Nitrogen Adsorption analysis showed that 5.50% reduction of the total surface area for the spent Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalyst.Meanwhile,Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis(EDX) indicated that Co and Pt were reduced by 0.74% and 0.14% respectively on the spent Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3catalyst.Characterization using FT-IR and TGA-DTA analysis revealed the existence of residual nitrate and hydroxyl compounds on the Pt/Co(10∶90)/Al2O3 catalyst.     

Additive effects of alkaline-earth metals and nickel on the performance of Co/γ-Al_2O_3 in methane catalytic partial oxidation

Nano-sized γ-alumina (γ-Al2O3) was first prepared by a precipitation method. Then, active component of cobalt and a series of alkaline- earth metal promoters or nickel (Ni) with different contents were loaded on the γ-Al2O3 support. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The activity and selectivity of the catalysts in catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) of methane have been compared with Co/γ-Al2O3, and it is found that the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability are enhanced by the addition of alkaline-earth metals and nickel. The optimal loadings of strontium (Sr) and Ni were 6 and 4 wt%, respectively. This finding will be helpful in designing the trimetallic Co-Ni-Sr/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with high performance in CPO of methane.     

Molecular catalysis for the steam reforming of ethanol

In this paper,the application of molecular catalysis for steam reforming of ethanol(SRE)is reviewed.Eight metals(Ni,Co,Cu,Pt,Rh,Pd,Ir and Ru)have shown high catalytic activity for SRE.Among them Ni and Rh are very promising because of high d character in the metal bond and low metal-oxygen bonding(vs.metal-carbon).They can effectively promote C–C bond cleavage in the rate-determining process during SRE.However,Rh is weak in water-gas-shift so that CH4 and CO become the main by-products at low reaction temperatures,while Ni catalysts suffer from rapid deactivation due to coking and sintering.Two low-temperature CO-free catalysts have been developed in our lab,namely Rh-Fe/Ca-Al2O3 and carbonyl-derived Rh-Co/Ce O2,in which the presence of iron oxide or Co can promote water-gas-shift reaction and significantly improve the SRE performance.On the other hand,adding 3 wt%Ca O to Ni/Al2O3 can greatly improve the catalyst stability because the Ca modification not only increases Ni concentration on the Ni/Ca-Al2O3 surface and 3d valence electron density,but also facilitates the water adsorption and coke gasification via water-gas-shift.The availability of abundant surface OH groups helps the formation and conversion of adsorbed formate intermediate.Hence,ethanol reaction on Ca-Al2O3-supported Ni,Pt,Pd and Rh catalysts are found to follow the formate-intermediated pathway,a new reaction pathway alternative to the traditional acetate-intermediated pathway.     

Methane Dry Reforming over Alumina Supported Co Catalysts

A series of Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared with the impregnation .method and characterized by means of the BET specific surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Laser Raman spectroscopy. The Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were activated by using H2, 20%CH4/H2 or CH4, re-spectively. There was no obvious difference between the activities of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst activated by us-ing the different activation methods for methane dry reforming. The catalytic properties of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different Co loadings were also investigated. The optimized Co loading for the Co/γ-Al2O3 cata-lyst pretreated with 20% CH4/H2 is around 12% (mass fraction).     

纯相和镍取代的Co_3O_4尖晶石催化剂用于N_2O直接分解(英文)

A series of NixCo1-xCo2O4(0 ≤ x ≤ 1) spinel catalysts were prepared by the co-precipitation method and used for direct N2O decomposition. The decomposition pathway of the parent precipitates was characterized by thermal analysis. The catalysts were calcined at 500 °C for 3 h and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Nickel cobaltite spinel was formed in the solid state reaction between NiO and Co3O4. The N2O decomposition measurement revealed significant increase in the activity of Co3O4 spinel oxide catalyst with the partial replacement of Co2+ by Ni2+. The activity of this series of catalysts was controlled by the degree of Co2+ substitution by Ni2+, spinel crystallite size, catalyst surface area, presence of residual K+, and calcination temperature.     

Spectroscopic Characterization of Mo-Co-S and Mo-Fe-S Complexes-derived Catalysts for Desulfurization and Denitrification

The characteristic studies, by means of LR, UV-Vis and XPS spectroscopies, of the preparation process of Mo-Co-S and Mo-Fe-S catalysts for HDS and HDN, derived from (NH4)2MoS4-CoCl2 and (NH4)2MoS4-FeCl2 complexes supported on γ-Al2O3, respectively, indicate that the catalytically essential moiety on the surface of the catalysts is dominantly some sulfido-bimetallic species with such a structural unit (M' =Co or Fe), and both Co and Fe, served as promoters, can donate electrons to Mo probably via bridging-S. The nature of active-sites and the mechanism of promotion are discussed according to the results.     

Nanosized Pd assembled on superparamagnetic core–shell microspheres:Synthesis,characterization and recyclable catalytic properties for the Heck reaction

A series of magnetically recyclable Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts were synthesized using the superparamagnetic Fe3O4@g-Al2O3core–shell microspheres as the supporter and nano-Pd particles assembled on g-Al2O3 shell as the active catalytic component.The structure of the catalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),N2adsorption–desorption and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).The catalytic activity and the recyclability properties of the catalysts for the Heck coupling reaction with aryl bromides and the olefins were investigated.The results show that the microspheres of the magnetic Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts were about 400 nm and the nano-Pd particles assembled on g-Al2O3 shell were about 3–4 nm in size.The saturation magnetization(MS) of the magnetic catalysts was sufficiently high to allow magnetic separations.In the Heck coupling reactions,the magnetic Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts exhibited good catalytic activity and recyclability.With Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3(0.021 mol%) catalyst,the bromobenzene conversion and product yield reached about 96.8% and 91.2%,respectively,at 120 8C and in 14 h.After being recycled for six times,the conversion of bromobenzene and the recovery of the catalyst were about80% and 90%,respectively.The nano-Pd particles were kept well dispersed in the used Pd/Fe3O4@g-Al2O3 catalysts.     

LaCoO3 acting as an efficient and robust catalyst for photocatalytic water oxidation with persulfate

Cobalt-containing metal oxides [perovskites (LaCoO(3), NdCoO(3), YCoO(3), La(0.7)Sr(0.3)CoO(3)), spinel (Co(3)O(4)) and wolframite (CoWO(4))] have been examined as catalysts for photocatalytic water oxidation with Na(2)S(2)O(8) and [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) as an electron acceptor and a photosensitizer, respectively. Catalysts with the perovskite structure exhibited higher catalytic activity as compared with the catalysts with the spinel and wolframite structures. LaCoO(3), which stabilizes Co(III) species in the perovskite structure, exhibited the highest catalytic activity in the photocatalytic water oxidation compared with CoWO(4), Co(3)O(4) and La(0.7)Sr(0.3)CoO(3) which contain Co(II) or Co(IV) species in the matrices. The high catalytic reactivity of LaCoO(3) possessing perovskite structure was maintained in NdCoO(3) and YCoO(3) which exclusively contain Co(III) species. Thus, the catalytic activity of Co ions can be controlled by the additional metal ions, which leads to development of highly reactive and robust catalysts for the photocatalytic water oxidation.     

Cation self-diffusion in LaCoO(3) and La(2)CoO(4) studied by diffusion couple experiments

Reaction kinetics between dense, polycrystalline pellets of La2O3 and CoO were investigated at temperatures of 1370-1673 K and oxygen partial pressures of 40 Pa - 50 kPa. At high oxygen partial pressures, single phase LaCoO3 was formed. The growth of the LaCoO3 phase followed the parabolic rate law. The location of Pt markers demonstrated that diffusion of Co3+ cations in LaCoO3 dominated over diffusion of La3+. The diffusion coefficient of Co3+ was determined from the parabolic rate constant, and an activation energy of (250 +/- 10) kJ mol-1 was found. The diffusion coefficient of Co3+ in LaCoO3 decreased with decreasing oxygen partial pressure. At the lowest oxygen partial pressure investigated, two product phases, LaCoO3 and La2CoO4, were observed. The diffusion coefficient of Co cations in La2CoO4 was estimated. Results were discussed in relation to cation diffusion in other LnBO3 oxides (B = Cr3+, Mn3+, Fe3+). A correlation between diffusion of the B cation and the melting point was found for LnBO3 materials.     

氧存在下钙钛矿LaCoO3硫化过程的XPS研究

 采用XPS,XRD和TEM对含氧气氛下钙钛矿LaCoO3硫化活化过程中不同阶段的催化剂进行了表征分析．在硫化初期,经SO2预中毒后,吸附氧种不存在,Co2p3／2结合能发生明显的位移,La3d的XPS双峰变得不明显,同时出现不稳态的S4＋物种,表明催化剂LaCoO3被SO2的强吸附所覆盖;催化剂LaCoO3仍为钙钛结构并没有新的物相产生,SO2中毒仅在催化剂表面进行．在进一步的硫化活化过程中,出现吸附氧物种,Co出现三种价态,分别对应于LaCoO3,Co3O4和CoSO4,La3d的XPS双峰变得特别明显,同时催化剂表面出现S2－物种和S6＋物种．可以认为,在含氧气氛下硫化LaCoO3的过程中,SO2预中毒为进一步硫化提供硫物种,吸附氧物种保证硫化过程中钙钛矿结构不会被完全破坏．     

Room temperature carbon monoxide oxidation over Pt/Co2SnO4 and Pt/(Co3O4+SnO2) catalysts

Catalytic activities of Pt/Co2SnO4, Pt/(Co3O4+SnO2), Pt/SnO2, and Pt/Co3O4 catalysts for CO oxidation were investigated by varying CO concentration at room temperature. Reaction rates over Pt/Co2SnO4 and Pt/Co3O4 catalysts were not affected from increase in CO concentration. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Co3O4/Ce0.8Pr0.2O2催化剂用于乙醇水蒸气重整反应的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了Co3O4/Ce0.8Pr0.2O2催化剂,并将其用于乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应,考察了Co3O4负载量以及Pr掺杂对催化剂性能的影响.采用X射线衍射、程序升温还原、热重分析和透射电子显微镜对催化剂的结构和表面性质进行表征.结果表明,催化剂中部分Co进入到载体的晶格中,使载体发生畸变产生更多的氧空位;载体中Pr掺杂有利于生成更多的氧空位,提高了催化剂的抗积碳性能,同时Pr掺杂可以增强Co3O4与载体之间的相互作用,提高金属Co的抗烧结性能;15%Co3O4/Ce0.8Pr0.2O2催化剂具有最好的催化活性,在反应温度为400℃,空速80 000 mL/(g.h),n(H2O)∶n(EtOH)=3的条件下可将乙醇完全转化;10 h稳定性测试结果表明该催化剂具有较好的稳定性.     

Co3O4-CeO2氧化物对丙烷完全氧化的催化性能（英文）

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是全球大气污染物的主要来源,近年来已造成严重的环境问题.催化氧化是一种有效的、经济可行的VOCs去除技术,其研究的关键在于开发高效、稳定的催化剂.在本文中,我们采用柠檬酸法合成了一系列具有不同Co/(Ce+Co)摩尔比的Co3O4-CeO2二元氧化物催化剂,研究了其对丙烷(低碳VOCs)的催化氧化性能.在催化活性测试中,反应气的组成为0.2 vol.%C3H8和5 vol.%O2,Ar为平衡气,气体总流速为200 mL min^-1.实验结果表明,Ce的掺入能够明显提高Co3O4的丙烷催化氧化性能,Co3O4-CeO2催化剂的丙烷催化氧化活性顺序为CoCeOx-70>CoCeOx-90>Co3O4>CoCeOx-50>CoCeOx-20>CeO2.当Co/(Ce+Co)摩尔比为70%时,CoCeOx-70催化剂的丙烷催化氧化性能最好.在丙烷转化率达到90%时,CoCeOx-70催化剂的反应温度为310℃(GHSV=120000mL h^-1 g^-1),相比于单一的Co3O4催化剂的反应温度降低了25℃.XRD和TEM表征结果显示,在Co3O4-CeO2二元氧化物催化剂中存在Co3O4和CeO2两种晶型,同时随着Ce的掺入,催化剂的粒径明显降低.Raman光谱图显示,Ce的掺入使催化剂的晶格发生畸变,促进催化剂表面氧空位的产生,为催化剂中氧的迁移提供晶格位点.H2-TPR和C3H8-TPSR结果表明,Co3O4与CeO2间存在相互作用,能够提高催化剂的低温还原性能,以促进催化剂的丙烷催化氧化.O2-TPD和O 1s XPS结果表明,Ce的掺入能够增加催化剂表面活性氧物种的产生,提高催化剂中氧的移动性,从而提高了催化剂对丙烷的催化氧化活性.在对Co3O4和CoCeOx-70催化剂进行in-situ DRIFTS表征和简单的动力学研究,我们发现Ce的掺入不改变催化剂的丙烷催化氧化反应路径,其存在能够促进丙烷在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,以提高催化剂的丙烷催化氧化活性.同时,丙酮和酯作为中间物参与到丙烷的催化氧化反应过程中.此外,我们考察了反应气氛中水蒸气和CO2的存在对催化剂催化性能的影响.结果表明,CO2和水蒸气的存在都抑制了催化剂的丙烷催化氧化活性,催化性能随着CO2和水蒸气浓度的增加而降低.在相同条件下,水蒸气对催化剂催化性能的抑制作用明显大于CO2的抑制作用,但这种抑制作用会随着反应气中水蒸气和CO2的消失而消失.在稳定性测试中,CoCeOx-70催化剂表现出优异的抗水蒸气和CO2性能.在反应气中存在5 vol.%水蒸气和5 vol.%CO2的条件下,CoCeOx-70催化剂在50 h的稳定性测试中均未出现明显的失活现象.同时,经过10次加热和降温循环测试后,催化剂的催化活性也没有发生明显变化,这为CoCeOx-70催化剂的未来工业化的应用提供了可能.     

Ce掺杂对La1-xCexCoO3催化剂的结构和催化氧化性能的影响

采用非晶态配合物的方法合成了La1-xCexCoO3(x=0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.3)催化剂, 并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和比表面测定仪(BET)等手段对催化剂的微观结构进行了研究. 揭示了Ce掺杂对催化剂的钙钛矿结构, CO催化氧化以及催化氧化发光性能的影响规律. 结果表明, 在Ce4+掺杂部分取代La3+后, 催化剂形成了镧不足的La1-xCeyφx-yCoO3(φ是A位离子空位)钙钛矿相以及CeO2和Co3O4物相. 与LaCoO3催化剂相比, x=0.1催化剂的CO催化氧化活性最高(T100%=290 ℃). La1-xCexCoO3催化剂对CO催化氧化发光的响应与其催化活性密切相关.     

Mn_xCo_(3-x)O_4复合氧化物及改性催化剂催化分解N_2O

用共沉淀法制备了一组不同组成的MnxCo3-xO4尖晶石型复合氧化物,表面负载碱金属助剂制备改性催化剂,用于催化分解N2O.用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2物理吸附(BET)、红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术表征催化剂结构.考察了复合氧化物组成、碱金属助剂类型、钾前驱物等制备参数对催化剂结构和催化活性的影响.结果表明:添加助剂K、Cs降低了催化剂表面Co、Mn元素的电子结合能,弱化了Co—O和Mn—O键,有利于氧物种的脱除,提高了催化剂活性.优化出了活性较高的催化剂K/Mn0.4Co2.6O4(K2CO3),有氧无水、有氧有水气氛400℃连续反应50 h,N2O转化率分别保持100%和74.2%,催化剂稳定性较高.     

改良铜钴催化剂体系上由合成气制混合醇的研究

在铜钴基催化剂体系上，由合成气制备混合醇的反应在６．０ＭＰａ的条件下进行．双活性组分体系中铜和钴是以强相互作用状态而共存的，分子探针实验表明，铜和钴的并存对于确保醇的碳链增长是重要的，助剂ＭｏＯ_ｘ的加入显著提高了Ｌａ_２Ｚｒ_２Ｏ_７担载的铜钴基催化剂Ｃｏ／ＣｕＬＺ的活性和选择性，其作用主要表现为通过氢的可逆溢流效应而改善了体系的氢化性能，和增大了ＣＯ的插入反应能力。在改良催化剂体系上，获得了５３％的醇选择性和１４７ｇ／Ｋｇｃａｔ／ｈ的混合醇产率，内含３３％的高级醇。