基于单幅彩色正弦光栅投影的三维形貌测量

提出了一种新的基于单幅彩色正弦光栅投影的三维形貌测量方法.利用计算机产生一幅正弦条纹图和两幅单一强度图分别通过红绿蓝(RGB)三个通道合成为一幅彩色条纹图,并由液晶投影仪投影到被测物体表面,彩色变形条纹由彩色电荷耦合器件(CCD)采集并保存在计算机中.对畸变的彩色条纹进行三色分离处理,利用其中的红色条纹分量与蓝色背景相...     

基于互补色编码条纹投影的三维形貌测量方法

针对彩色编码条纹投影轮廓术中,被测物体表面颜色易与投影条纹颜色发生干扰的问题,提出了一种新的基于互补色编码条纹投影的三维测量方法.先后向被测物体投影一幅主彩色编码正弦条纹图和一幅与前者包含的彩色编码条纹颜色互为补色的彩色条纹图.利用两者颜色互补的特点,判断两幅图像中对应像素点的颜色状态来确定其在主彩色编码正弦条纹图中所...     

一种快速获取物体三维形貌和纹理信息的算法

提出了一种新的快速获取物体三维形貌和纹理信息的方法。利用数字投影仪将2幅彩色编码的正弦相移光栅图投影到被测物体表面,彩色相机捕捉经物体调制后的变形条纹图。提取RGB三基色,可获得包含物体高度信息及纹理信息的条纹图和背景光。对包含物体高度信息的条纹图用改进的2+1相移算法重构物体的三维形貌。物体纹理信息则通过对背景光进行彩色编码获得,利用纹理映射技术恢复物体纹理。计算机模拟和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

基于正弦和三角波条纹投影的三维测量方法

在现有的针对复杂物体表面形貌的三维测量方法中, 为了完成绝对相位的测量, 通常需要处理至少6幅条纹图像, 限制了测量速度。提出了采用2幅正弦条纹和2幅三角波条纹图来获得物体三维形貌的方法。利用两步相移正弦条纹和两步相移三角条纹得到截断相位, 再利用两步相移三角波条纹得到条纹级次, 减少了投影条纹幅数, 提高测量速度。在得到条纹级次时, 计算三角波条纹强度调制和强度对比度, 与计算相位相比, 可以减少数据处理的时间, 进一步提高测量速度, 同时能减小物体表面反射率的影响, 提高了测量精度。测量最大高度为39 mm的阶梯状标准块, 得到的最大绝对误差和最大的RMS误差分别为0.045 mm和0.041 mm。验证了该方法的有效性和实用性, 在高速实时的复杂形貌三维测量中有广泛的应用前景。     

一种三维变形光学测量系统及微结构力学性能测试应用

描述了一种使用显微栅线投影技术和数字图像相关技术同时测量微结构三维形貌和变形的光学测量系统.在此系统中,正弦栅线通过相移投影器投影到被测物体表面,变形的条纹图由高分辨率的CCD相机和显微镜头采集并保存.相移技术处理条纹图得到形貌和离面变形,同时从相移图像中提取出被测物表面纹理,数字图像相关技术处理变形前后表面纹理得到面...     

基于自适应条纹投影的彩色物体三维形貌测量

针对三维形貌测量技术中彩色物体表面反射率的非均匀性影响测量结果的问题,提出一种基于自适应条纹投影的三维形貌测量技术,该方法可避免彩色物体表面反射率非均匀的影响,提高系统的测量精度。彩色相机采集RGB光强图像,并根据物体表面颜色的反射特性计算每个像素点的最优投射光强和颜色;采集水平和垂直的正弦条纹序列,利用计算所得绝对相位值将相机图像坐标系中每一个像素点的最优投射光强和颜色映射到投影仪像素坐标系;投射自适应条纹序列进而测量彩色物体的三维形貌。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效测量彩色物体三维形貌,具有很高的测量精度。     

一种新型单帧彩色复合光栅投影的实时三维测量方法

提出了一种新型单帧彩色复合光栅投影的实时三维测量方法。采用三帧具有π2的相移正弦条纹分别编码到红色(R)、绿色(G)和蓝色(B)三个颜色通道中,组合成单帧彩色复合光栅,当该彩色复合光栅投影到待测物体上,仅需获取单帧彩色变形条纹并从中分离出相应的具有π2相移的三帧单色相移变形条纹,由于不同颜色通道之间存在颜色串扰以及色度不均衡问题,采用最小二乘法对分离出的三帧单色相移变形条纹直流项进行背景一致性校正,从而获得三帧校正后的单色相移变形条纹,运用所建立的三维重构物理模型,即可恢复物体的三维形貌。实验验证了该方法的可行性和实用性。进一步的实验表明,该方法的测量精度优于传统单帧彩色PMP。因为所提方法仅需一帧彩色复合光栅即可恢复物体的三维形貌,在实时三维测量中具有很好的应用前景。     

三维形貌及颜色纹理的快速获取方法

为了在黑白摄像机中快速获取场景的三维形貌与颜色纹理,提出了绝对相位测量结合主动彩色照明的方法.首先向物体投影并拍摄两幅相移为1/3周期的条纹和一幅周期有微小差别的条纹图;然后分别向物体投射光强为给定强度的白、红及绿照明光,并拍摄图像.用改进的相移法求解第四幅图像与第一、第二幅变形条纹图中的相位;用改进的傅里叶变换法求解第四幅图像及第三幅变形条纹图中的相位;然后得出绝对相位值.最后利用第四幅图像与第五和第六幅图像求出场景反射的蓝色分量,并根据色度学原理恢复出场景的颜色纹理.实验表明,该方法在保证三维测量准确度的同时获得了高质量的颜色纹理,实现了30fps的三维数据及颜色纹理采集速度.     

复用加权二进制编码条纹三维测量方法

二值条纹不受三维测量系统非线性伽马效应的影响，同时能显著提高投影效率。基于此，提出一种复用加权二进制编码条纹方法以实现三维测量。首先，对传统正弦条纹的灰度进行特定均匀采样，使用二进制编码条纹方法生成8幅二值条纹。然后，对二值条纹组合进行唯一化处理，将4幅相异的二值条纹投影到被测物体表面，对采集到带有物体表面调制信息的二值条纹进行复用二进制加权运算，生成调制后的正弦条纹。最后，对该方法开展了多组对照实验。实验结果表明，所提方法将用于加权生成正弦条纹的二值条纹优化为4幅后，仍然可以保持良好的测量精度和效果。所得标准球的局部点云与拟合标准球的平均距离，相比于传统三步相移技术降低了72.3%。     

一种基于结构光条纹投影的微小物体测量系统

为了通过结构光投影的方法测量微小物体,构建了一套微小物体三维形貌测量系统,视场范围可达1.8 cm×1.6 cm。这套测量系统利用了Light Crafter 4500数字投影组件的高速投影、立体显微镜的低畸变缩放、远心镜头的大景深与低畸变成像的特性。先利用立体显微镜对Light Crafter 4500投影的相移条纹图进行低畸变缩小,再投影到待测物体表面,采用配有远心镜头的相机同步记录受到物体表面形貌调制而发生形变的条纹,利用三步相移法计算出条纹对应的截断相位图,再根据可靠路径跟踪相位展开算法求取连续的相位分布,重建被测物体的三维表面形貌。实验成功重建了以BGA芯片为代表的微小物体表面三维形貌。实验结果表明,系统测量精度达到11 μm,系统的有效深度测量范围为700 μm。     

基于彩色光栅投影的快速三维测量方法

 针对条纹投影术提取物体高度信息的问题,提出了一种新的基于彩色光栅投影的三维测量方法。对选取G分量为255,R,B分量各取0或255而组成的青、白、黄、绿四色遵循格雷码原理进行编码,然后将G分量作正弦调制形成投影光栅投向被测物体。提取采集到的光栅变形图中G分量,利用傅里叶变换方法得到其初始相位;同时对采集到图像中的R,B分量作阈值迭代分割而G分量自动赋值为255,综合三分量信息得到条纹颜色信息进而获取条纹的周期信息,从而展开相位。全过程仅需投影一幅彩色光栅图就能完成三维测量,实验结果表明该算法易于实现,在测量实时性和精确性上表现良好。     

Three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade based on multi-value coding

As the blade must have precise size and accurate shape, three-dimensional (3D) profile measurement of the blade is very important. 3D profile measurement method based on multi-value coding is proposed. This method designs a multi-value coding stripe pattern combined with the four-step phase-shifting method. Two kinds of fringe patterns are projected onto the object respectively, one is sinusoidal intensity distribution used for wrapped phase, the other is multi-value coding fringe pattern for phase unwrapping. Because this encoding method is simple, and easy to implement, the absolute phase can be quickly implemented. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method can achieve a high precision, high speed and low cost 3D profile measurement of the blade.     

一种针对彩色物体的光栅投影三维测量方法

针对传统彩色编码光栅三维轮廓术中光栅易受到物体表面彩色纹理的干扰,从而造成编码条纹颜色误判和相位误差增大这一问题,提出一种基于互补彩色光栅的三维测量方法,给出了理论分析、光栅设计原理、补偿算法与实验分析。对图像进行初步的解耦校正后,通过预先设计的光栅互补特性,依据彩色响应模型求取物体表面逐点的反射率,并对红绿蓝(RGB)三通道反射率的不平衡进行补偿,消除物体表面彩色纹理的干扰,改善光栅的正弦性。以补偿后的图像来指导彩色编码条纹的分割解码并用傅里叶变换法提取出包裹相位,依据解码结果指导相位展开,继而完成整个三维测量过程。实验证明该方法对彩色纹理的补偿准确有效,降低了彩色纹理对测量的影响。     

基于双色条纹投影的快速傅里叶变换轮廓术

在实际傅里叶变换轮廓术测量中，获取的条纹图扩展的零频分量对傅里叶变换轮廓术的测量精度和测量范围有很大影响，甚至妨碍正确三维面形的恢复。π相移技术常被用来消除零频分量对测量的影响，但需要在测量系统中安装精密相移装置，并需要采集两帧具有π相位差的条纹图。传统傅里叶变换轮廓术中，完成精密相移需要较长的时间，影响了傅里叶变换轮廓术测量方法的实时性。提出了采用双色正弦光栅投影来实现从一帧条纹图中消除零频对傅里叶变换轮廓术测量的影响。该方法同传统的π相移方法相比，不需要相移装置，测量系统简单，并且能真正实现高速测量。     

Three-dimensional shape measurement technique for shiny surfaces by adaptive pixel-wise projection intensity adjustment

Conventional methods based on analyses of the absolute gray levels of pixels in fringe pattern images are affected by the problems of image saturation, interreflection, and high sensitivity to noise when obtaining three-dimensional (3D) shape measurements of shiny surfaces. This study presents a robust, adaptive, and fast 3D shape measurement technique, which adaptively adjusts the pixel-wise intensity of the projected patterns, thus it avoids image saturation and has a high signal to noise ratio (SNR) during 3D shape measurement for shiny surfaces. Compared with previous time-consuming methods using multiple exposures and the projection of fringe patterns with multiple intensities, where a large number of fringe pattern images need to be captured, the proposed technique needs to capture far fewer pattern images for measurement. In addition, it can greatly reduce the time costs to obtain the optimal projection intensities by the fusion of uniform gray level patterns and coordinates mapping. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed technique can achieve highly accurate and efficient 3D shape measurement for shiny surfaces.     

Single fringe projection profilometry based on sinusoidal intensity normalization and subpixel fitting

A novel fringe projection profilometry using a single sinusoidal fringe pattern projected is proposed. Computer-generated sinusoidal fringe and uniform intensity patterns are firstly projected on a testing object by a liquid crystal display projector. The variable reflection intensity of a fringe pattern is then roughly normalized by division operation applied to the grabbed fringe and uniform intensity patterns projected. Fringe intensity is further normalized by employing an interpolation algorithm. The deformed sinusoidal pattern encoding object shape is converted to a wrapped phase map without using phase-shifting or Fourier transform. Computer simulation and experimental performance are evaluated to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. The experimental results compared with those of the four-step phase-shifting and fast Fourier transform methods are also presented.     

An improved stair phase encoding method for absolute phase retrieval

An improved phase unwrapping method is proposed to reduce the projection fringes in three-dimensional (3D) surface measurement. Color fringe patterns are generated by encoding with sinusoidal fringe and stair phase fringe patterns in red and blue channels. These color fringe patterns are projected onto the tested objects and then captured by a color CCD camera. The recorded fringe patterns are separated into their RGB components. Two groups of four-step phase-shifting fringe patterns are obtained. One group of the stripes are four sinusoidal patterns, which are used to determine the wrapped phase. The other group of stripes are four sinusoidal patterns with the codeword embedded into stair phase, whose stair changes are perfectly aligned with the 2π discontinuities of sinusoidal fringe phase, which are used to determine the fringe order for the phase unwrapping. The experimental results are analyzed and compared with those of the method in Zheng and Da (2012. Opt Express 20(22):24139–24150). The results show that the proposed method needs only four fringe patterns while having less error. It can effectively reduce the number of projection fringes and improve the measuring speed.     

Fringe projection profilometry based on complementary color-encoded fringe patterns

3D measurement techniques based on color-encoded fringe pattern projection have been widely used in various fields of engineering recently. There is one problem that the surface color of measured object may interfere with the color of projected fringe pattern. To solve this problem, a novel method based on complementary color-encoded fringe projection is proposed. Two color-encoded fringe patterns whose fringe colors are complementary are designed. The first pattern is with the sinusoidal fringe embedding into the green color channel which is used to evaluate phases by Fourier transform method. The fringe color of the captured image is established with the help of the complementary color fringe pattern, which is based on the feature of color complementation. Thus, the influence brought by the color of object surface can be eliminated, and decoding errors can be further reduced. Experiment results indicate that the proposed method is valid and can be applied to the measured colorful objects.     

单幅条纹图相位解调的小波分析方法

相位解调是条纹相位分析的关键问题.本文提出一种应用小波频率估计联合频率导数对变形条纹进行瞬时频率分析,从中提取参考基频,从而依靠单一变形条纹实现相位解调的方法.首先,理论上证明了当变形条纹瞬时频率空间导数等于零,该空间点的瞬时频率等于参考基频频率;其次,引入Gabor小波提取变形条纹的瞬时频率空间分布,利用变形条纹瞬时频率的空间导数分布识别提取参考基频,从而实现相位解调.利用该方法进行了三维形貌测量的实验,结果表明该方法在实现相位解调中效果良好.     

单幅条纹图相位解调的小波分析方法

相位解调是条纹相位分析的关键问题.本文提出一种应用小波频率估计联合频率导数对变形条纹进行瞬时频率分析,从中提取参考基频,从而依靠单一变形条纹实现相位解调的方法.首先,理论上证明了当变形条纹瞬时频率空间导数等于零,该空间点的瞬时频率等于参考基频频率;其次,引入Gabor小波提取变形条纹的瞬时频率空间分布,利用变形条纹瞬时频率的空间导数分布识别提取参考基频,从而实现相位解调.利用该方法进行了三维形貌测量的实验,结果表明该方法在实现相位解调中效果良好.