铋膜电极电位溶出法测定痕量铅、镉、锌

研究了用铋膜电极替代汞膜电极测定痕量重金属元素铅、镉和锌的电位溶出法。实验了同位镀铋膜及测定重金属特别是痕量铅的条件。实验结果表明：铅、镉、锌在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰，峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近，使用铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。利用铋膜电极电位溶出法测定了水样及血样中痕量铅的含量。     

预镀铋膜阳极溶出伏安法测定废水中微量铅和镉

本文采用预镀铋膜法修饰玻碳电极,并用该电极对废水中微量铅和镉同时进行了阳极溶出伏安法测定,研究了预镀铋膜测定铅和镉的条件。实验结果表明:铅和镉在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰,峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近,使用预镀铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。     

铋膜电极溶出伏安法测定食品中痕量重金属

以铋膜电极为工作电极,采用微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法直接测定食品样品中痕量铅、镉和锌。在富集电位-1.4V,富集时间180s,铋膜质量浓度150μg·L-1的条件下,铋膜电极对铅、镉和锌的氧化溶出具有良好的电化学响应。铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的质量浓度在5.0~40μg·L-1的范围内与其阳极溶出峰电流呈线性关系,铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)的检出限(3S/N)分别为0.80,0.65,0.58μg·L-1。对25μg·L-1铅(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)和锌(Ⅱ)溶液用铋膜电极连续测定15次,相对标准偏差分别为6.2%,5.1%,7.1%。方法应用于食品中痕量重金属的测定,测定结果与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法的测定值相符。     

玻璃石墨金膜电极电位溶出法测定锡

目前电位溶出法常用的工作电极为汞膜电极,常用的氧化剂为溶解氧或汞(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)。在伏安溶出法中,采用金膜电极仅用于碲、砷、汞、锗等离子的测定,在电位溶出法中也有报导,但就地镀金膜电极电位溶出法尚未见记载。我们经过研究,成功地采用就地镀金的金膜电极对铜、铋、锑、铅进行了测定,蓝对该方法的机理进行了定量推导和探讨。本文进一步用就地镀金膜电极对锡进行了测定,溶液中的Sn(Ⅳ)和Sn(Ⅱ)首先被还原富集于金膜     

铋膜电极微分电位溶出法测定环境样品中生物可利用镉

建立了环境样品中生物可利用镉的镀铋膜电极微分电位溶出分析法（DPSA）,考察了同位镀铋膜测定镉的条件。结果表明在HAc—NaAc介质中镉可在镀铋膜电极上得到灵敏的微分电位溶出峰（V=-0．84V）,最低检出质量浓度为0．6μg／L,结合3步连续萃取,利用标准加入法对环境样品中的生物可利用镉进行测定,相对标准偏差2．3％～4.1％,加标回收率97％～104％。     

微分电位溶出法测定白酒中微量铅

应用微分电位溶出法测定白酒中微量铅,测定时采用三电极系统(镀汞玻碳电极,饱和甘汞电极,铂电极)。在pH2.0～5.0酸度条件下,铅(Ⅱ)在-1.10V预富集60s,在-0.10～-0.90V区间记录溶出电位,铅(Ⅱ)的溶出电位在-0.44V。铅(Ⅱ)的溶出峰高与铅(Ⅱ)浓度在0～10μg·L-1区间内呈线性关系。方法的检出限为0.2ng·ml-1,RSD(n=6)为1.17%,回收率为96%,与AAS法作比较,结果一致。     

阳极溶出伏安法测定工业废水中痕量铅镉

玻碳汞膜电极阳极溶出伏安法测定铅镉已有人作了工作,本文将玻碳电极导线的汞接头改为镀铜焊接头,克服了使用过程中因电极内阻变化引起的异常现象及汞蒸气逃出对环境的污染,将通用的同位镀汞法改为先镀汞后富集,减少了例行分析中有毒汞盐的用量并提高了测定结果的精度。本法选取0.2MHAc-0.2MNaAc为基底溶液,氮气作除氧剂兼搅拌器,所得铅镉溶出伏安曲线的峰电位分别     

铕离子掺杂类普鲁士蓝复合汞膜电极的制备及溶出分析特性

在铕离子掺杂类普鲁士蓝(Eu-PB)修饰的玻碳电极表面电沉积汞膜,制备了一种新型化学修饰复合汞膜电极GC/Eu-PB/MFE.研究了修饰层厚度、镀汞方式和汞膜成长过程对复合汞膜形成的影响.以Pb2+和Zn2+为探针离子,对复合汞膜电极和常规玻碳汞膜电极的氢过电位值、表面活性物质的影响、汞膜稳定性和金属离子的溶出伏安行为等进行了对比研究.同时,应用该电极结合示差脉冲阳极溶出伏安法对环境水样中的痕量Pb2+进行了测定.结果表明,Pb2+在该复合汞膜电极上的阳极溶出峰电流与其质量浓度在0.8 ～250 μg/L范围有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5,n=12),检出限为0.2 μg/L,加标回收率为98% ～102%.用该法对国家铅标准物质溶液对比测定,数据的重复性和准确性均令人满意.     

75—3A型汞膜电极快速极谱仪

厦门大学化学系与厦门第二分析仪器厂试制成功75-3A型汞膜电极快速极谱仪。该仪器应用集成电路装置。仪器包括线性扫描电路、电极系统和记录电流部分。用两只运算放大器作为线性扫描电路和电流放大器。铂球镀银沾汞的汞膜电极代替滴汞电极作常规极谱分析,也可用为溶出分析。用此种电极和仪器在有关单位按常规极谱分析已用于铜合金中的铅和锌,矿物中的铜、铅、镉和锌,铝合金中铋、铜和铅的测定;借溶出法已用于海水痕量铜、镉和锌,二氧化锆中痕量铜、     

阳极溶出半微分电分析法——锡中痕量铅镉的测定

本文提出用乳酸-乳酸钠溶液(pH=5)作为支持电解质,并采用汞膜电极阳极溶出半微分电分析法,直接进行金属锡和锡盐中痕量铅镉的测定,其回收率分别为105±6%和97±4%。方法简便,结果满意。     

Cathodic stripping voltammetric detection and determination at a hanging mercury-drop electrode of dye contaminants in purified biomaterials: study of the human serum albumin and reactive dye 120 system

Procion red HE-3B (RR120) is an example of dye currently used in affinity purification. A method is described for determining trace amounts of RR120 dye contaminant in human serum albumin by cathodic stripping voltammetry. The method is based on a measure of a well-defined peak at −0.58 V, obtained when samples of HSA protein (0.01-2% w/v) containing dye concentrations are submitted to a heating time of 330 min at 80 °C in NaOH, pH 12.0 and the samples are removed to a solution containing Britton-Robinson buffer, pH 4.0. Using an optimum accumulation potential and time of 0 V and 240 s, respectively, linear calibration curves were obtained from 1.0×10⁻⁹ to 1.0×10⁻⁸ mol l⁻¹ for RR120 dye. Leakage/hydrolysis of reactive red 120 from an agarose support (e.g. at pH 2 or 12) can also be conveniently determined at very low levels (sub-μg ml⁻¹) by means of cathodic stripping voltammetry, which involves adsorptive accumulation of the dye onto the hanging mercury-drop electrode.     

Determination of trace amounts of morphine in human plasma by anodic adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry

New adsorptive anodic differential pulse stripping voltammetry method for the direct determination of morphine at trace levels in human plasma of addicts is proposed.The procedure involves an adsorptive accumulation of morphine on a HMDE,followed by oxidation of adsorbed morphine by voltammetry scan using differential pulse modulation.The optimum conditions for the analysis of morphine are pH 10.5,Eacc of -100 mV（vs.Ag/AgCl）,and tacc of 120 s.The peak current is proportional to the concentration of morphine,and a Linear calibration graph is obtained at 0.01-3.10μg mL^-1.A relative standard deviation of 1.06%（n=5）was obtained,and the limit of detection was 3 ng mL^-1.The capabiLity of the method for the analysis of real samples was evaluated by the determination of morphine in spiked human plasma and addicts human plasma with satisfactory results.     

Adsorptive Stripping Differential Pulse Voltammetry for Determination of Trace Amounts of Noscapine in Human Plasma

A new adsorptive anodic differential pulse stripping voltammetry method for the direct determination of noscapine at trace levels in human plasma of addicts is proposed. The procedure involves an adsorptive accumulation of noscapine on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by oxidation of adsorbed noscapine by voltammetry scan using differential pulse modulation. The optimum conditions for the analysis of noscapine are pH = 8.5 using Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffer, accumulation potential of ?100 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), and accumulation time of 150 s. The peak current is proportional to the concentration of noscapine, and a linear calibration graph is obtained at 0.015–2.75 μg mL^?1. A relative standard deviation of 1.28% (n = 5) was obtained, and the limit of detection was 7 ng mL^?1. The capability of the method for the analysis of real samples was evaluated by determination of noscapine in spiked human plasma and addicts, human plasma with satisfactory results.     

Catalytic stripping analysis: sensitivity enhancement for reciprocal derivative constant-current stripping determination of palladium in the presence of tin(II) during stripping

The reciprocal derivative constant-current stripping signal of palladium at a mercury film electrode is increased, as in anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), by a factor of ca. 80 if a certain amount of tin(II) is present in the stripping solution. This catalytic stripping phenomenon has been successfully used as a means of sensitivity enhancement in constant-current stripping determination of trace palladium. The limit of detection is 4 x 10(-10)M at S/N = 3, which is about two decades lower than that obtained without tin(II) present. Linear response was observed over the range 10(-10)-10(-7)M. This method has been applied to determine palladium in waste water and mineral samples. The experimental results support the postulated mechanism of signal enhancement, namely a chemical redeposition reaction occurring during the stripping, giving a cycle of stripping and deposition and thus increasing the stripping signal.     

Determination of Melatonin Hormone in Bulk Form,Tablets and Human Serum by Square‐Wave Cathodic Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry

Melatonin hormone plays an important role in many distinct physiological functions. A fully validated, sensitive and reproducible square‐wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure was described for determination of melatonin in bulk form, tablets and human serum. The procedure was based on the reduction of the adsorptive hormone onto a hanging mercury drop electrode. Reduction behavior of melatonin was studied in both Britton‐Robinson (pH 2–11) and acetate (4.5–5.5) buffers. Acetate buffer of pH 5.0 was found reasonable as a supporting electrolyte for assay of the drug. The square‐wave cathodic adsorptive stripping voltammogram of melatonin showed a single well‐defined peak at ?1.45 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/KCl_s) using an accumulation potential of ?0.65 V. This peak may be attributed to the reduction of C?O double bond of the amide functional group of the reactant molecule. A mean recovery for 1×10^?8 M melatonin in bulk form followed 30 s accumulation of 98.87%±0.78 and a detection limit of 3.13×10^?10 M were achieved. The proposed procedure was successfully applied for the determination of the drug in tablets and human serum with mean recoveries of 97.68%±0.57 and 101.67%±0.85, respectively. A detection limit of 8.80×10^?10 M was achieved for the determination of the drug in human serum. Results of the proposed method were comparable and coincided with those obtained by reported method. Vitamin B₆ and common excipients, which are co‐formulated with melatonin, did not interfere. Also the effect of some interfering compounds such as serotonin, tryptophan and 5‐hydroxytryptophan on the determination of melatonin in human serum was studied, and all have no significant effect on the assay recovery.     

Application of sampled-d.c. anodic stripping voltammetry to metal/fulvic acid equilibria

The use of anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) to determine the labile metal fraction in metal/ fulvic acid equilibrium systems is discussed. A method is described for distinguishing between the contributions of processes in the reduction and oxidation steps to the observed anodic (stripping) current. This method, which facilitates separate examination of the two processes, is based on timed addition of fulvic acids during the deposition step, on pH control, and on measurement of sampled-d.c. ASV peak areas (Faradaic charge) for metal/fulvic acid solutions. Results are presented for copper(Il) and lead(Il) complexes with six colloid-free soil-derived fulvic acids. In contrast to differential-pulse ASV, the stripping current measured by sampled-d.c. ASV showed no measurable contribution from ligand adsorption on the mercury drop. For heterogeneous ligand systems, such as fulvic acid, use of stripping peak heights over-estimates the fraction of non-labile metal complex because peak broadening results from the range of complexes formed in the anodic step.     

Manganese Detection with a Metal Catalyst Free Carbon Nanotube Electrode: Anodic versus Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

Anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) were used to determine Mn concentration using metal catalyst free carbon nanotube (MCFCNT) electrodes and square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). The MCFCNTs are synthesized using a Carbo Thermal Carbide Conversion method which results in a material that does not contain residual transition metals. Detection limits of 120 nM and 93 nM were achieved for ASV and CSV, respectively, with a deposition time of 60 s. CSV was found to be better than ASV in Mn detection in many aspects, such as limit of detection and sensitivity. The CSV method was used in pond water matrix addition measurements.     

Trace measurements of the antineoplastic agent methotrexate by adsorptive stripping voltammetry

An extremely sensitive voltammetric method is presented for trace measurement of the cancer chemotherapy drug methotrexate. The method is based on controlled adsorptive preconcentration of methotrexate on the hanging mercury-drop electrode, followed by voltammetric determination of the surface species. Cyclic voltammetry was used to explore the interfacial behaviour. The adsorptive stripping response was evaluated with respect to preconcentration time and potential, pH, concentration dependence, stripping mode, possible interferences, and other variables. The detection limit found was 2 x 10(-9)M (5-min preconcentration), the response was linear, and the relative standard deviation (at the 1.6 x 10(-7)M level) 2.2%. Sensitive adsorptive stripping measurements were also obtained by use of a carbon-paste disk electrode. Applicability to urine analysis is illustrated.     

Determination of trace amounts of dipyridamole by stripping voltammetry using a Nafion modified electrode

This paper presents a new method for determination of dipyridamole by anodic stripping voltammetry using a Nafion modified glassy carbon electrode. The stripping peak current was proportional to the concentration of dipyridamole over the range of 1.0 x 10(-9)-8.0 x 10(-8) M in (pH 1.7) BrittondashRobinson buffer with 1 min accumulation. The detection limit has been estimated as 8.0 x 10(-11) M with 4 min accumulation. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of dipyridamole in human serum.     

Chemically Stripping Analysis of Copper with Modified Graphite Paste Electrode

Modified electrodes have been popularly used in electroanalysis. Chemically stripping analysis (CSA) with modified electrodes, however, was few in past years⑴.In this paper, we present a new method for determination of copper, chemically stripping analysis with glutathione modified graphite paste electrode (GMGPE).