安宫牛黄丸体外安全性评价方法的研究

研究安宫牛黄丸中可溶性汞及三种毒性汞价态的体外溶出检测方法,探讨安宫牛黄丸体外安全性评价方法。通过试验研究提取溶剂、净化方式、提取、净化时间等因素对溶出的影响,确定最佳的提取方案。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定可溶性汞,高效液相色谱法-电感耦合等离子体质谱法联用测定三种汞价态。安宫牛黄丸中可溶性汞及三种毒性汞价态的最佳提取方法为：用人工肠液在37 ℃下超声处理2 h,提取液静置20 h后取上清液。方法重现性好,最大程度地模拟药物在体内的吸收环境。安宫牛黄丸提取液中可溶性汞含量较高,但不含汞的有毒价态：甲基汞、乙基汞和二价汞。该方法可推广应用于含朱砂中成药中可溶性汞及其价态的体外溶出和测定。以毒性大的三种汞价态：甲基汞、乙基汞和二价汞作为体外指标,可在一定程度上评价安宫牛黄丸的安全性。     

ICP-MS测定三种抗肿瘤中成药中铅镉汞砷含量

采用电感耦合等离子体-质谱(ICP-MS)法测定了三种抗肿瘤中成药(金克槐耳、华蟾素和复方苦参)中四种元素铅、镉、汞、砷的含量。结果显示,铅、镉、汞、砷四种元素在三种抗肿瘤中成药中的含量较低,均符合东南亚进口标准。其中金克槐耳中汞和砷含量略高于美国FAD药品与功能性食品要求标准,但仍符合其他标准。电感耦合等离子体-质谱法是测定中成药中铅、镉、汞、砷快速、准确的方法。     

ICP-MS用于枳壳中五种重金属元素溶出特性的研究

采用HNO3-H2O2的消解体系,应用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定枳壳中Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Cu五种微量重金属元素含量,方法对试样中各元素测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.6%～5.4%,加标回收率为85%～109%,快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于枳壳中五种最金属元素含量的测定.同时考察了微波提取、超声波提取和传统煎煮法对枳壳中五种重金属元素溶出的情况.结果表明:微波提取液中As和Pb的含量比超声提墩和煎煮提取的略低,三种不同提取方法的枳壳提取液中五种微量重金属元素的含量均低于<药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准>的限量标准,而微波萃取法在有效成分的提取中具有快速,高效等特点,同时也是安全的.     

水飞蓟中无机元素的含量分布及溶出性质的研究

用电感耦合等离子体光谱和电感耦合等离子质谱法测定了水飞蓟果实、加工过程中的水飞蓟油渣及提取物(水飞蓟素)中多种无机元素的含量,结果表明绝大多数元素的含量从油渣-果实-提取物逐渐降低。在此基础上,研究了水飞蓟果实中无机元素的溶出率与浸泡次数的关系,发现大部分元素以可溶态存在,浸泡前4次其总的溶出率远远高于后3次。同时用国家一级标准物质茶叶(GBW07605),验证了方法的准确性和可靠性。     

原子荧光光谱法与电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定饮用水中砷含量的比较

探讨了原子荧光法与电感耦合等离子体质谱法在测定饮用水中砷含量方面的不同仪器性能.原子荧光法与电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砷的检出限分别为0.031μg/L和0.005μg/L,RSD(精密度)分别为3.18％、1.21％和1.63％、0.81％.回收率分别为95.8％-102.5％和98.2％-101.6％.在水中砷的测定方面,电感耦合等离子体质谱法要优于原子荧光法,是一种值得推广的方法.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱测定土壤中的有效硼

以沸水提取土壤中的有效硼,不经分离富集,电感耦合等离子体质谱法直接测定土壤样品中的有效硼.方法检出限可达0.016μg/g,通过对国家土壤有效态一级标准物质测试,测定结果基本一致;GBW 07412标准物质11次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.03%.     

ICP-MS测定中药煎制前后8种重金属元素的含量及溶出率

建立电感耦合等离子体-质谱法(ICP-MS)测定5种药材及其水煎液中8种重金属元素Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Hg、Sb、Sn含量的方法。使用微波消解处理样品,研究并优化了微波消解条件,对电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪的各项技术参数进行了选择。方法表明,8种元素的检出限小于等于0.003μg/L,精密度在1.3%—3.0%,药材加标回收率在93.6%—100.2%,药材水煎液加标回收率在94.2%—103.5%,煎煮前后药材重金属溶出率0%—33.33%,表明中药煎煮过程重金属元素不易溶出。     

ICP-MS同时测定水产品中的铅、镉、汞和砷

以电感耦合等离子体-质谱法同时测定国家标准物质扇贝中4种元素,研究了此法测定水产品铅、镉、汞和砷,4种元素的校准曲线、检出限、精密度和准确度.ICP-MS测定4种元素均在扇贝样品标准值的允许误差范围之内,铅、镉、汞、砷检出限分别为0.06、0.01、0.26、0.20μg/kg.精密度都在10％以下,符合方法确认要求.     

王水溶矿-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定矿石中的金

建立了王水溶矿-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定矿石中的常量金的方法。该方法加标回收率94.0%—102.0%,精密度RSD 1.66%—4.01%,与传统的分析方法相比:该方法简单、快速、实用。     

密闭溶样-电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定地质样品中的微量硼

采用酸溶密闭溶样处理样品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱法测定地质样品中的微量硼.方法检出限为0.029μg/g.测定国家标准物质,测定结果均在标准值的允许误差范围内,同一样品11次分析结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.20％.方法简便、结果可靠、使用化学试剂少,适用于大批地质样品的分析测试.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.