电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定 荞麦秸秆中的重金属

基于硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸消解体系,建立马弗炉-微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的Cr、Cu、Ag、Mn、Fe、As、Ni、Pb等重金属含量测定方法。在微波消解的过程中,分别考察五种不同组合的混合酸体系及两种消解方法对荞麦秸秆中八种重金属测试结果的影响。实验结果表明浓硝酸-浓盐酸-氢氟酸（6:2:2）混酸体系和马弗炉-微波消解样品前处理优于其他方法。在优化条件下八种重金属加标回收率为91.16~102.12%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=5）为0.22% ~ 4.65%,检出限为0.18~9.41??g/L。该方法操作简便、快速、准确,结果可靠,同时测定荞麦秸秆中八种重金属。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的8种重金属元素

基于硝酸-盐酸-氢氟酸消解体系,建立了马弗炉-微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定荞麦秸秆中的Cr、Cu、Ag、Mn、Fe、As、Ni、Pb等重金属含量测定方法。在微波消解的过程中,分别考察5种不同组合的混合酸体系及两种消解方法对荞麦秸秆中8种重金属测试结果的影响。实验结果表明,浓硝酸-浓盐酸-氢氟酸(6∶2∶2)混酸体系和马弗炉-微波消解样品前处理优于其他方法。在优化条件下,8种重金属加标回收率为91.2%~102%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=5)为0.22%~4.7%,检出限为0.18~9.41μg/L。方法操作简便、快速、准确,结果可靠,能同时测定荞麦秸秆中8种重金属元素。     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞含量

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法。选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比。结果表明,优化后的硝酸-高氯酸体系条件下120℃消解30 min,方法在0~2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度为2.4%~3.9%。两种消解方法对于大米和芹菜质控样的测定值基本一致,均在质控样范围。相较于常规微波前处理方法,简化了样品前处理流程,提高了工作效率,可为农产品汞含量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法.选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比.结果表明,优化后的硝...     

微波消解-流动注射比浊法快速测定磷石膏中的SO_3

以磷石膏和磷石膏不同分解产物(含CaSO_4和CaS)为原料,采用微波消解,考察了消解压力、HCl浓度、消解时间对样品中硫酸钙溶出率的影响,获得了适宜的消解条件。消解压力为0.4MPa,HCl浓度为2mol/L,消解时间为60s时,磷石膏中CaSO_4的溶出率为98.3%。在此条件下,对磷石膏及磷石膏不同分解产物中SO_3含量进行测定,与传统分析方法相比,微波消解磷石膏样品结果的相对标准偏差均小于4%,方法的加标回收率为101%。最后,通过微波消解同流动注射比浊法的联用,对磷石膏固体样品中的SO_3含量进行测定,微波消解-流动注射比浊法可实现磷石膏不同分解产物样品中的SO_3含量的快速测定,同标准重量法测定结果相比,其相对标准偏差均小于5%。     

肉类制品中微量锶的分离及^87Sr/^86Sr同位素比值测定

利用87Sr/86Sr同位素比值进行生物和古人类源区与迁徙的示踪是Sr同位素技术应用的新领域,也是考古研究和肉类食品溯源研究的新尝试。本研究对牛肉干粉采用酸溶、微波消解和灰化后硝酸提取等不同方法进行消解,比较了它们的离子交换分离效果和Sr同位素测定结果;用石英、石墨和瓷坩埚3种器皿对牛肉干粉进行灰化,检测了灰化器皿对87Sr/86Sr同位素比值的影响,从而确定了石英坩埚灰化的消解方法,建立了适合于肉类制品微量Sr的化学分离方法与87Sr/86Sr同位素比值测定方法。本方法包括肉类制品的石英坩埚灰化、离子交换分离和87Sr/86Sr比值的热离子化质谱测定。所建方法对肉类食品溯源和考古研究等领域富含有机质样品的Sr同位素比值测定具有普适性。     

微波消解-原子荧光法测定山茶油中痕量砷

微波消解优化-原子荧光光谱法测定了山茶油中痕量砷;在多组实验研究的基础上,研究了不同消解酸配比条件下,微波消解方法对测定结果的影响.试验结果表明：微波消解0.3g茶叶对照品和0.3g山茶油样品过程中,消解酸为6mL硝酸+4mL过氧化氢的平行性和回收率最好.山茶油样品回收率为92%-102%;RSD为5.06% 。该法适用于山茶油中痕量砷的测定。     

测定食品及生物样品中微量锡的消化方法探讨

采用干灰化、硝酸-高氯酸、硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸和用硝酸过氧化氢微波消解4种消化方法消化样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定食品及生物样品中微量锡。方法线性范围为20.0μg.L-1以内,相关系数为0.999 8,经过比较,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解方法较理想,回收率分别为98.2%~101.4%和97.4%~102.8%,相对标准偏差分别为2.39%~3.85%和3.25%~3.82%。只测定锡时,微波消解和硝酸-硫酸-高氯酸消解法均可,但如锡与其他微量元素需要同时测定,为避免引入有干扰的硫酸根,以用硝酸-过氧化氢微波消解为好。     

赶酸对微波消解-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定谷物中砷元素的影响

在利用氢化物发生-原子荧光分测定谷物类样品中砷元素时,硫脲-抗坏血酸的还原效果会受到硝酸含量的影响,试液中硝酸含量过高,会与硫脲-抗坏血酸溶液发生氧化还原反应,降低其还原效率。本研究通过对赶酸时间和赶酸温度进行试验,获得最佳的赶酸条件,结合微波消解技术,利用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定谷物中的微量砷,结果表明,谷物中砷浓度与荧光强度呈线性关系,线性方程为 y=0.0028x-0.1728,线性相关系数R2=0.9993,检出限为1.72ng/g。 通过对9份样品进行检测,其相对标准偏差RSD在4.32-7.59%之间,其准确度相对误差RE均小于±6.50%。经多次检测证实该方法较稳定,可用于谷物类样品中砷元素的快速测定。     

微波灰化-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定婴幼儿乳粉中的钙和磷

采用微波灰化-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）测定婴幼儿乳粉中钙、磷元素含量.采用微波灰化法对婴幼儿乳粉进行前处理,正交试验方法确定微波灰化最佳条件,灰化后产物用2 mL硝酸溶液(体积比为1∶1)溶解后,用ICP-OES对钙、磷元素进行含量检测.磷加标回收率为86%～104%,钙加标回收率为87%～96%.磷的相对标准偏差为2.5%～7.0%,钙的相对标准偏差为3.9%～10.0%,能够满足日常检测要求.采用微波灰化法对婴幼儿乳粉中钙、磷元素进行样品前处理,相比微波消解方法,具有用时短、用酸量少、消解效果好、不需要进行赶酸处理等优点.与干法灰化和湿法消解相比大大减少了样品处理时间.采用微波灰化与ICP-OES结合对婴幼儿乳粉中的重要指标元素进行检测,在婴幼儿乳粉质量控制中有很好的应用价值.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.