Coherent enhancement of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal by shaping femtosecond laser pulses

An optimal feedback control of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal is experimentally demonstrated by shaping femtosecond laser pulses based on genetic algorithm, and the frequency up-conversion efficiency can be enhanced by ∼16%. SPIDER results show that the optimal laser pulses have shorter pulse-width with the little negative chirp than the original pulse with the little positive chirp. By modulating the fundamental spectral phase with periodic square distribution on SLM-256, the frequency up-conversion can be effectively controlled by the factor of about 17%. The experimental results indicate that the broadband frequency up-conversion efficiency is related to both of second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG), where the former depends on the fundamental pulse intensity, and the latter depends on not only the fundamental pulse intensity but also the fundamental pulse spectral phase.     

Enhancement of high-order harmonic generation at tuned wavelengths through adaptive control

An adaptive learning loop enhances the efficiency and tuning of high-order harmonic generation. In comparison with simple chirp tuning, we observe a broader tuning range and a twofold to threefold enhancement in integrated photon flux in the cutoff region. The driving pulse temporal phase varies significantly for different tunings and is more complicated than a simple chirp. We compare our experimental results with a one-dimensional, time-dependent model that incorporates the intrinsic atomic response, the experimental pulse temporal phase, ionization effects, and transverse coherence of the spatial mode of the laser. The model agrees with our experimental results and indicates that a specific quantum path coupled with ionization effects determines the optimized harmonic spectrum.     

利用啁啾光纤光栅色散特性实现波长可调谐的主动锁模掺铒光纤环行腔激光器

在环形腔主动锁模光纤激光器中引入啁啾光纤光栅，利用啁啾光纤光栅的大色散特性，通过调节调制频率，实现波长调谐，调谐范围2nm。所得脉冲为重复频率2．5GHz，脉宽约60ps的正啁啾脉冲，。     

Scanning mirror on a vibrating membrane for dynamic optical trapping

A study of the variation of the spectral shape and the harmonic distribution of the high-order harmonics generated from silver plasma on the frequency chirp of the driving laser radiation (793 nm 48 fs) is reported. The results of the systematic study of the harmonic generation from the 21st order up to the 61st order (λ=13 nm) are presented. A tuning of the harmonic wavelength up to 0.8 nm can be accomplished by variation of the laser chirp. PACS 42.65.Ky; 42.79.Nv; 52.38.Mf     

Generation of an extreme ultraviolet supercontinuum with a multicycle chirped laser and a static electric field

We theoretically present a method for generating an ultrabroad extreme ultraviolet(XUV) supercontinuum by using the combination of a multicycle chirped laser and a static electric field.At a low laser intensity,the spectral cutoff is extended to the 495th order harmonic,and the bandwidth of the supercontinuum spectrum is broadened to 535 eV.At a high laser intensity,the harmonic cutoff is enlarged to the 667th order,and a supercontinuum covering a bandwidth of 1035 eV is generated.In these two cases,the long quantum path is removed,and the short quantum path is selected.Especially for the relatively high laser intensity,an isolated 23-attosecond pulse with a bandwidth of about 170.6 eV is directly obtained.Finally,we also analyze the influences of the chirp parameter and the duration of the chirped pulse as well as the static field strength on the supercontinuum.     

Generation of an isolated sub-30 attosecond pulse in a two-color laser field and a static electric field

We theoretically investigate high-order harmonic generation(HHG) from a helium ion model in a two-color laser field,which is synthesized by a fundamental pulse and its second harmonic pulse.It is shown that a supercontinuum spectrum can be generated in the two-color field.However,the spectral intensity is very low,limiting the application of the generated attosecond(as) pulse.By adding a static electric field to the synthesized two-color field,not only is the ionization yield of electrons contributing to the harmonic emission remarkably increased,but also the quantum paths of the HHG can be significantly modulated.As a result,the extension and enhancement of the supercontinuum spectrum are achieved,producing an intense isolated 26-as pulse with a bandwidth of about 170.5 eV.In particular,we also analyse the influence of the laser parameters on the ultrabroad supercontinuum spectrum and isolated sub-30-as pulse generation.     

啁啾引入时刻对H_2~+谐波光谱的影响

理论研究了长脉宽激光驱动下啁啾引入时刻对H_2~+高次谐波光谱的影响.结果表明,在长脉宽激光驱动下,H_2~+在激光前半程区域具有较高的谐波辐射效率.因此,在激光前半程引入啁啾调控可获得高强度光谱连续区.此外,在啁啾调控区域引入单极激光场可以进一步获得高能谐波连续区.最后,叠加谐波连续区的谐波,可获得39 as的孤立脉冲.     

Chirp-dependent ionization of hydrogen atoms in the presence of super-intense laser pulses

We perform a theoretical study on dynamic interference in single photon ionization of ground state hydrogen atoms in the presence of a super-intense ultra-fast chirped laser pulse of different chirp types(equal-power and equal-FWHM laser pulses) by numerically solving the time-dependent Schr ¨odinger equation in one dimension. We investigate the influences of peak intensity and chirp parameters on the instantaneous ionization rate and photoelectron yield, respectively. We also compare the photoelectron energy spectra for the ionization by the laser pulses with different chirp types. We find that the difference between the instantaneous ionization rates for the ionization of hydrogen atom driven by two different chirped laser pulses is originated from the difference in variation of vector potentials with time.     

KNbO_3高效倍频产生427～470nm蓝紫光

厚1.5 mm的KNbO_ 3晶体在室温下角度相位匹配倍频脉冲参量激光获得427～470nm蓝紫光,能量转换效率超过40％,输出单脉冲蓝紫光的峰功率达60kW.对相位匹配曲线、倍频效率与基波光强的关系和相应匹配角允差作了计算和讨论.     

Experimental observation and analysis of novel pulse properties in erbium-doped fiber ring laser with normal cavity dispersion

We demonstrate the experimental observation of different operation states in erbium-doped fiber ring laser with normal cavity dispersion. The Q-switching, Q-switching mode-locking (QML), continuous wave mode-locking (CML), harmonic mode-locking (HML), double-pulse and multiple-pulse operation states can be manipulated by only adjusting the polarization controller with the same pump power. The output spectral bandwidth and pulse width of operation states are measured. The central wavelength dynamics of different operation states achieved by adjusting the polarization controller are also observed and analyzed. It is shown that pulse width, polarization, chirp and stability of different operation states are diverse by using nonlinear polarization rotation technique.     

调控空间非均匀啁啾场获得孤立阿秒脉冲

通过调节二阶啁啾参数和空间非均匀效应对高次谐波光谱进行了优化.结果表明：在长脉宽负向啁啾和负向非均匀效应组合下,谐波光谱截止能量和强度得到最佳增大,并获得X射线范围内的光谱连续区.最后,通过叠加光谱连续区上的部分谐波可获得一个脉宽仅为23 as的孤立脉冲.     

Pulse width measurement of high-order harmonics by autocorrelation

Pulse widths of the 7th and 9th harmonics of a Ti:sapphire (TiS) laser have been measured by an autocorrelation technique using two-photon and three-photon ionization of He and Ar as nonlinear phenomena. The pulse widths of the 7th and 9th harmonics were 47 fs and 27 fs, respectively, where the pulse width of the fundamental pulse was 34 fs. The pulse width of the 9th harmonic depends strongly on the peak intensity of the fundamental pulse. These results can be explained by quantum theory by taking into account the temporal and spatial distribution of the fundamental beam. Received: 15 June 1999 / Revised version: 8 October 1999 / Published online: 2 February 2000     

Supercontinuum generated in calcite with chirped femtosecond pulses

Effects of pulse chirping on the dynamic of supercontinuum (SC) spectra generated by femtosecond laser pulses at 800 nm in calcite are studied. When an 80 fs laser pulse is stretched to more then 130 fs by introducing positive or negative chirp, a strong and sharp spectral peak in the blue wing of the SC spectra is generated. The wavelength of this spectral peak is tuned by introducing chirp and pulse energy.     

空气中激光等离子体通道的三次谐波光谱特性研究

对不同条件下强激光在空气中形成等离子体通道的三次谐波光谱特性进行了研究。单脉冲能量12 mJ,脉宽30 fs,重复频率10 Hz,中心波长795 nm的飞秒激光脉冲经0.5 m焦距的凹面镜聚焦,在空气中形成了等离子体通道, 并在前 向观测到谱线半峰全宽（FWHM）为15 nm的三次谐波。随着脉冲啁啾的变化,三次谐波的光谱出现红移或兰移,当激光脉冲附带+1.3×105fs2的二阶色散时,三次谐波谱线红移且谱峰强度增长了两倍。同时 ,通过改变可编程声光色散滤波器（AOPDF）光谱调制的位置（Hole position）,三次谐波的光谱也发生频移。     

Spectral phase distribution retrieval through coherent control of harmonic generation

The temporal intensity distribution of the third harmonic of a Ti:sapphire laser generated in Xe gas is fully reconstructed from its spectral phase and amplitude distributions. The spectral phases are retrieved by cross correlating the fundamental laser frequency field with that of the third harmonic, in a three laser versus one harmonic photon coupling scheme. The third harmonic spectral amplitude distribution is extracted from its field autocorrelation. The measured pulse duration is found to be in agreement with that expected from lowest order perturbation theory both for unstretched and chirped pulses.     

High-power third-harmonic flat pulse laser generation

The generation of a high-power laser pulse at 266 nm that is longitudinally shaped according to a prefixed intensity profile is reported. The main features of the pulse shape modifications due to second- and third-harmonic conversions are measured, and the results are in good agreement with the theory. The UV temporal shape depends on the chirp of the fundamental pulse and on the crystal phase-matching angle. Exploiting the large stretching imposed on the third-harmonic signal, we show that the pulse intensity profile can be obtained by spectral single-shot measurements.     

Generation of high-order harmonic continuum with two-hump-structure infrared laser pulse

We experimentally investigate the high-order harmonic generation in argon gas cell driven by a multi-cycle broadband infrared laser pulse from a tunable optical-parametric-amplifier （OPA） source. The generation of high-order harmonic continuum with the cut-off photon energy up to 110 eV is observed by tuning the chirp of the 800-nm laser pulse which pumps OPA source. The generation of harmonic continuum is understood in terms of the two-hump structure of the OPA output spectrum and the optimal relative phase of the two humps. The demonstrated scheme is of importance for the generation of extreme ultraviolet （XUV） continuum at higher photon energy region.     

Pulse compression of a high-order harmonic

The fifth harmonic pulses of an intense femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser were experimentally shown to be negatively chirped by using an LiF plate as a positive dispersive medium. The chirp of the harmonic pulse originates from the intensity-dependent atomic dipole phase, which is estimated to be proportional to 25 U_p, where U_p is the ponderomotive energy. Consequently, we have succeeded in compressing the chirped pulses to 13 fs by compensating the intrinsic negative chirp. Chirp effects of the fundamental laser on the pulse width of the fifth harmonic were consistent with the negative chirp of the fifth harmonic.     

氩气中高次谐波辐射的研究

报道了在４５ｆｓ－２ＴＷ激光装置上以Ａｒ惰性气体为介质产生高次谐波的实验结果,实验中通过研究气体密度和激光能量对谐波辐射的影响,找到了适当的气体密度和激光能量范围,并在Ａｒ气中观察到８１次（９．７ｎｍ）的皆波辐射,这时迄今为止,人们在Ａｒ气中所能观测到的最短波长的谐波辐射,经分析表明,高于５７次的谐波是由Ａｒ离子产生的。     

在不同激光脉宽下的高次谐波

用数值计算方法计算了不同强激光脉冲宽度下高次谐波的产生.我们发现对于激光场强度不高,不能有效电离初态的激光场,长脉冲宽度可以更有效产生高次谐波;而对于高场强的激光场,由于它能够在几个光学周期之内把原子的初态全部电离,所以短脉冲的激光场能够更有效产生高次谐波.