PbS/Ru(Ⅱ)配合物敏化Cd(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO2纳米晶电极的光电化学

合成了Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）掺杂ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子（掺杂５％Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）,用光电化学方法测定了ＰｂＳ、ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２分别敏化及ＰｂＳ／ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２复合敏化该纳米晶膜电极的光电化学行为,实验证明,ＰｂＳ、ＲｕＬ２ＮＣＳ）２单独敏化和ＰｂＳ／ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２复合敏化的Ｃｄ掺杂电极比纯的ＴｉＯ２电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动;在３８０－６００ｎｍ范围内,ＰｂＳ／ＲｕＬ２ＮＣＳ）２复合敏化Ｃ     

PbS/Ru(Ⅱ)配合物敏化Cd(Ⅱ)掺杂TiO_2纳米晶电极的光电化学

合成了Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）掺杂ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子（掺杂５％Ｃｄ（Ⅱ））,用光电化学方法测定了ＰｂＳ、ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２（Ｌ＝２,２′联吡啶４,４′二羧酸）分别敏化及ＰｂＳ／ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２复合敏化该纳米晶膜电极的光电化学行为,实验证明,ＰｂＳ、ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２单独敏化和ＰｂＳ／ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２复合敏化的Ｃｄ掺杂电极比纯的ＴｉＯ２电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动;在３８０～６００ｎｍ范围内,ＰｂＳ／ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２复合敏化Ｃｄ掺杂电极的效果比ＰｂＳ和ＲｕＬ２（ＮＣＳ）２单独敏化的效果更好     

CO_2在TiO_2薄膜修饰p／p~＋－Si电极上的光电化学还原

ＣＯ_２在ＴｉＯ_２薄膜修饰ｐ／ｐ~＋－Ｓｉ电极上的光电化学还原魏培海，祁学永淳于宝珠（山东教育学院化学系济南２５００１３）（山东大学化学系济南）关键词二氧化碳，ＴｉＯ_２薄膜，光电化学，ｐ／Ｐ~＋－Ｓｉ电极在半导体电极表面实现ＣＯ２的光电化学还原，可获?..     

Triton X－100／C_（10）H_（21）OH／H_2O体系层状液晶中超微粒子材料CdS的合成

ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／Ｃ_（１０）Ｈ_（２１）ＯＨ／Ｈ_２Ｏ体系层状液晶中超微粒子材料ＣｄＳ的合成沈明，郭荣，严鹏权，于卫里（扬州大学师范学院化学系扬州２２５００２）关键词超微粒子，层状液晶，表面活性剂，ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００，ＣｄＳ超微粒子是指粒径?..     

Ru（bpy）2（NCS）2染料敏化CdS／Zn^2＋—TiO2复合半导体纳米 …

采用水热法合成了Ｚｎ＾２＋离子掺杂的ＴｉＯ２纳米粒子「Ｚｎ＾２＋掺杂量０．５％（物质的量的比）」,并用光电化学方面研究了经Ｒｕ（ｂｐｙ）２（ＮＣＳ）２（ｂｐｙ＝２,２’－ｂｉｐｙｒｉｄｉｎｅ－４,４’－ｄｉｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃ ａｃｉｄ）分别敏化的掺杂Ｚｎ＾２＋的ＴｉＯ２电极（简写为Ｚｎ＾２＋ＴｉＯ２）和ＣｄＳ／Ｚｎ＾＋－ＴｉＯ２复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极的光电化学行为。实验证明Ｒｕ（ｂｐｙ）２（Ｎ     

强度调制光电流谱研究纳晶CdSe薄膜电极的界面电荷转移过程

用强度调制光电流谱（ＩＭＰＳ）研究纳晶ＣｄＳｅ薄膜电极在多硫化钠溶液中的界 面电荷转移性能．从不同外加电压和不同溶液浓度下的光电流谱响应所得到的参数归 一化稳态光电流和表面态寿命,分析了界面电荷的直接转移和间接转移过程以及电荷 复合过程,并与多晶ＣｄＳｅ薄膜电极的结果进行了比较．     

硫化物/Ru(II)络合物复合敏化TiO2纳米多孔膜

用光电化学方法研究了ＣｄＳ,ＰｄＳ和Ｒ１１Ｌ２（ＮＣＳ）２,（Ｌ＝２,２′－ｂｉｐｙｄｉｎｅ－４,４′－ｄｉｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ）复合敏化ＴｉＯ２纳米晶电极的光电化学行为,结果表明,采用复合敏化比用Ｒ１１（ＩＩ）络合物单独敏化ＴｉＯ２纳米晶电极效果好,大大提高了光电转换效率,主要原因是采用复合敏化,可防止ＴｉＯ２导带上由光注入产生的电子的反向转移,避免了电子的损失。     

四磺酸酞菁铜—DDAB表面活性剂薄膜电极对卤代乙酸的电化学催化

四磺酸酞菁铜阴离子（ＣｕＰｃＴｓ＾４－）在水溶液中可借助离子交换进入阳离子表面活性剂双十二烷基二甲基溴化铵（ＤＤＡＢ）薄膜电极，从而形成ＣｕＰｃＴＳ＾４－－ＤＤＡＢ薄膜电极，循环伏安实验表明，在ＫＢｒ溶液中，该薄膜电极有一对良好的还原氧化峰，阴阳极峤电位分别为－０．７８Ｖ和－０．６５Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）．探讨了该薄膜电极的电化学行为，特别是对其各种卤代乙酸的电化学催化，对其机理进行了推测。     

基于超微电极的原位电化学拉曼光谱

原位电化学拉曼光谱是一种重要的光谱电化学技术.基于超微电极的原位电化学拉曼光谱将拉曼光谱反映的结构信息与电极表面的电化学过程从实验上严格对应和关联,为深刻理解电化学反应机理提供依据.本文综述了采用超微电极作为工作电极的原位电化学拉曼光谱的研究方法和应用进展,总结了应用超微电极作为工作电极开展电化学拉曼光谱实验的方法和具有表面增强拉曼活性的超微电极制备方法,展示了如何利用在超微电极表面获得的拉曼光谱与界面电化学过程的严格关联研究单个锌颗粒电化学氧化过程、吡啶分子在Au电极表面的电化学吸附过程,以及如何利用该技术能以高的信噪比和灵敏度同时测量光电流与分子反应这一特性研究对巯基苯胺选择性光氧化反应.采用超微电极作为工作电极的原位电化学拉曼光谱技术极大拓展了拉曼光谱技术的研究范围,有望成为探索(光)电化学反应的有力工具.     

在活性炭孔隙中形成微粉粒子

在活性炭孔隙中形成微粉粒子赵振国，程虎民，马季铭，齐利民（北京大学物理化学研究所，北京，１００８７１）关键词ＰｂＴｉＯ_３，活性炭，微粉粒子制备近年来，在泡沸石的均匀孔介质中形成ＣｄＳ和ＰｂＳ簇已有报道［１，２］。但在沸石笼中形成超微粒子受到一定的限?..     

Disposable Injection‐Moulded Cell‐on‐a‐Chip Microfluidic Devices with Integrated Conducting Polymer Electrodes for On‐Line Voltammetric and Electrochemiluminescence Detection

This work reports the construction and characterization of plastic electrochemical micro‐flow‐cells with integrated injection‐moulded polymer electrodes. The three electrodes (working, auxiliary, and reference) were fabricated by injection‐moulding from a conducting grade of polystyrene loaded with carbon fibers. On‐chip reference electrodes were prepared by coating one of the conducting polymer electrodes with a Ag/AgCl layer (implemented either by e‐beam evaporation of Ag followed by electrochemical formation of AgCl or by applying a Ag/AgCl paste). Working electrodes were either polymer electrodes coated with Au by e‐beam evaporation or bare conducting polymer electrodes. The electrodes were integrated into the micro‐flow‐cells by an over‐moulding process followed by ultrasonic welding. The devices were characterized by optical and electrochemical techniques. Studies by cyclic voltammetry (CV), anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) demonstrate ‘proof–of‐principle’ of the micro‐flow‐cells as electrochemical sensors.     

Ruthenium and ruthenium dioxide-modified graphite-ethylene/propylene/diene and graphite-Teflon composite electrodes as amperometric flow detectors. Application to the determination of methionine

The flow injection amperometric performance of solid composite graphite electrodes with ethylene/propylene/diene (EPD) or Teflon as binding agents, and with Ru or RuO2 particles as electrocatalytic modifiers has been compared. Both, Ru and RuO2 modified electrodes exhibited electrocatalytic properties on the methionine oxidation process in alkaline media. The electrodes composition and the hydrodynamic and chemical variables were optimized. Graphite-EPD (GEPD) electrodes showed a better analytical performance than graphite-Teflon (GPTFE) electrodes. Furthermore, a better sensitivity, repeatability and reproducibility was observed for RuO2-GEPD electrodes when compared with Ru-GEPD electrodes. At an applied potential of +0.50 V, a detection limit for methionine of 4.8x10(-5) mol L(-1), similar to those reported in the literature for other RuO2-modified electrodes, was obtained. The analytical applicability of RuO2-GEPD electrodes was demonstrated by determining methionine in a complex pharmaceutical formulation.     

Pt／C气体扩散电极制备方法的探索

Ｐｔ／Ｃ气体扩散电极制备方法的探索马永林（青海教育学院,青海,西宁８１０００８）以Ｐｔ／Ｃ为电催化剂的气体扩散电极的制备方法是直接影响该电极电化学性能的重要因素。一般的制备方法是基于将Ｐｔ／Ｃ电催化剂和聚四氟乙烯以及某些有机物或表面活性剂的糊状物涂布...     

Floating electrode dielectrophoresis

In practice, dielectrophoresis (DEP) devices are based on micropatterned electrodes. When subjected to applied voltages, the electrodes generate nonuniform electric fields that are necessary for the DEP manipulation of particles. In this study, electrically floating electrodes are used in DEP devices. It is demonstrated that effective DEP forces can be achieved by using floating electrodes. Additionally, DEP forces generated by floating electrodes are different from DEP forces generated by excited electrodes. The floating electrodes' capabilities are explained theoretically by calculating the electric field gradients and demonstrated experimentally by using test-devices. The test-devices show that floating electrodes can be used to collect erythrocytes (red blood cells). DEP devices which contain many floating electrodes ought to have fewer connections to external signal sources. Therefore, the use of floating electrodes may considerably facilitate the fabrication and operation of DEP devices. It can also reduce device dimensions. However, the key point is that DEP devices can integrate excited electrodes fabricated by microtechnology processes and floating electrodes fabricated by nanotechnology processes. Such integration is expected to promote the use of DEP devices in the manipulation of nanoparticles.     

Combination pH electrodes of special design: Temperature characteristics and performance in poorly-buffered waters

The performance of 5 combination pH electrodes with special design features has been assessed. Two electrodes were intended for measurements in low-conductivity waters, two were designed to have a rapid and stable temperature response and one electrode shared both features. The performance in low-conductivity waters was either poor or merely acceptable; better results have been obtained with separate glass and reference electrodes. The electrodes designed to have good temperature response were better in this respect than conventional combination electrodes, but the same or better performance can be obtained by use of separate glass and remote-junction reference electrodes. It should be noted that the temperature coefficients of these combination electrodes were the same as for almost all pH electrodes: any improvement was only in the rate and stability of response.     

Ion-selective electrodes and enzyme electrodes in environmental and clinical studies.

Electrodes have been developed for the assay of glucose, urea, amino acids, uric acid, phosphate, nitrate and perchlorate. The electrodes for the organic compounds are enzyme electrodes which are prepared by chemically immobilizing an enzyme over the outside of a conventional ion-selective electrode. These electrodes will be discussed in depth. The progress and the development of the electrodes that show sensitivity and selectivity for phosphate, nitrate and perchlorate will be outlined. The basis of these sensors is a complex of a transition metal of either an analog of thiourea or an organic chelator, such as 1,10-phenanthraline. Such electrodes respond linearly to phosphate, nitrate or perchlorate, and show selectivity over sulphate, halides and acetate. The linear range of all these electrodes is approx. 10(-1)-10(-5) M with a near Nernstian slope and a reproducibility of 1%. The electrodes are stable and can be used continuously.     

A contactless conductivity detector for capillary electrophoresis: effects of the detection cell geometry on the detector performance

The effect of the gap between the electrodes and of their width on the behavior of a capacitively wired contactless conductivity detector was studied. The results obtained have indicated that the detector response can be qualitatively described by a model based on the concept of the effective electrode width which is a complex parameter determined by the gap between the electrodes, the frequency of the input signal and the conductivity of the test solution. The detector sensitivity and the effect on the separation efficiency depend on the difference between the effective and geometric electrode widths. Higher detection sensitivities have been attained for detectors with wide electrodes operating at lower frequencies, however, better separation efficiencies have been achieved using detectors with narrow electrodes and higher operational frequencies. The noise increases with decreasing gap between the electrodes and increasing frequency, especially with detectors employing narrow electrodes.     

锌铋合金电极在溶胶电解液中的电化学行为

锌电极的自腐蚀速率, 持续放电下的阳极溶解速率和电极钝化的难易程度是碱性电池性能的重要电化学参数. 本文应用线性极化、恒流放电等电化学实验方法研究了电解液中添加Carbopol树脂以及电极中添加Bi对锌电极电化学行为的影响. 并应用金相显微镜和环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)对锌电极和锌铋合金电极浸蚀及放电后的形貌进行了表征. 结果表明: 电解液中添加适量的Carbopol树脂可明显提高电极的极化电阻, 显著降低电极的自腐蚀速率; 阳极的溶解电位出现不同程度的正移, 阳极过电位显著增大且大电流密度放电时较明显促进电极钝化. 锌电极中添加一定量的Bi对改善电极表面氧化物膜的沉积形貌和电极表面固液界面的传质条件, 减小电极的自腐蚀速率, 抑制电极自腐蚀等方面具有显著作用.     

Disposable Gold Electrodes with Reproducible Area Using Recordable CDs and Toner Masks

The fabrication and characterization of very cheap disposable gold disk electrodes with reproducible area is reported. The innovation of the proposed procedure is the use of toner masks to define reproducible areas on uniform gold surfaces obtained from recordable compact disks (CD‐R). Toner masks are drawn in a laser printer and heat transferred to gold surfaces, defining exactly the electrodes area. The electrochemical behavior of these disposable electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in Fe(CN)₆^4? solutions. The relative standard deviation for signals obtained from 10 different gold electrodes was below 1 %. The size of the disk electrodes can be easily controlled, as attested by voltammetric responses recorded by using electrodes with radii varying from 0.5 to 3.0 mm. The advantages of using this kind of electrode for analytical measurements of substances that strongly adsorb on the electrode surface such as cysteine are also addressed.     

不同浸润性多孔电极表面的气泡行为

采用氢气模板法制备了具有多孔结构的电极; 通过改变电镀电流密度和电镀时间实现了电极表面多孔结构孔径和分布的控制; 通过改变表面化学组成有效调控了电极表面的浸润性质. 比较了具有不同微观结构和表面化学组成的电极在给定条件下电解水过程中气泡的产生及行为机制. 实验结果表明: 相对于亲水的多孔电极, 疏水的多孔电极表面能够黏附气泡, 更易倾向于形成稳定的气膜; 多孔结构对于亲水电极表面气泡行为的影响比对疏水电极表面气泡行为的影响更为显著; 与没有多孔结构的亲水电极相比, 具有多孔结构的亲水电极表面产生的气泡数量多, 速率快; 与较小孔径的多孔亲水电极相比, 较大孔径的多孔亲水电极表面产生气泡速率快且黏附气泡数量少. 该研究结果为微气泡减阻电极的设计提供了理论依据.