Generation of Laser Light via Ultrasonic Four-wave Mixing

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关于氦氖激光器声光调制锁模的实验研究

本实验中,将声光调制锁模器放置在氦氖激光器中的谐振腔里,控制谐振腔中的增益,使声波的频率调制与激光器固有频率间隔一致,从而达既可以到锁模的效果,又可以增加增益,减少能量损耗。通过功率计与示波器检测出激光脉宽、脉冲周、纵模间隔等物理量,与理论值进行比较,判断激光锁模实验的效果。本实验使用的氦氖激光器腔长大于1.55m,是双面全反射腔,可以利用激光锁模技术得到纵模进行比较,从而获得单色性好的超短脉冲激光。     

二极管泵浦激光器中泵浦光分布对激光器模式影响程度的计算方法

在激光器中,通常泵浦光呈不均匀分布,由此引起介质的增益也相应地出现不均匀分布,导致振荡光通过增益区时其分布发生变化。提出一种计算不均匀的泵浦光分布对于激光器内振荡光模式的影响程度,可以近似获得振荡光对原来场分布偏离的百分比的方法。在此基础上,对准连续运转的三向侧面泵浦激光器进行研究,分析不均匀泵浦光分布对振荡光场影响的规律。结果表明:当泵浦功率增加或谐振腔内损耗增加时,振荡光通过增益区时对原来分布的偏离程度也同时增加,呈单调变化关系;泵浦光不均匀分布对振荡光场的影响,与其沿振荡光轴向上的分布无关,仅仅取决于其在与振荡光垂直方向上的不均匀分布程度。通过计算还获得了此类效应的数量级,在2 000 W泵浦功率条件下,这种影响仅使振荡光偏离理想分布不到4%,而泵浦功率达到6 000 W时这种偏离则高达20%以上。     

激活介质热效应对振荡模式的影响研究

理论分析了激活介质热效应对端面泵浦固体激光器激光振荡模式分布的影响,并以光纤耦合半导体激光器端面泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器实验研究了激活介质热效应对激光振荡模式的影响。实验结果表明：由于热效应,基模的模体积随泵浦功率的增加而变大,基模在模式竞争中占优;在泵浦光轴线偏离几何腔轴时,基模光斑中心位置朝泵浦光轴线所在位置移动,偏离量与泵浦光轴线的偏离量近似成线性关系。利用实验结果指导腔调节,可使泵浦光轴线与几何腔轴精确重合,获得了椭圆率为0.98、M2因子为1.01的基模输出。     

Generation of short light pulses under the stimulated Brillouin scattering in fibers with an optimal feedback

The generation of short light pulses (1 ns) in single mode fibers under pumping by wide laser pulses (of a microsecond duration) due to the backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is numerically investigated. The influence of the acoustic diffraction is taken into account. The cases of acoustic waveguide and anti-waveguide fibers are considered. For an acoustic anti-waveguide fiber, a dependence of overlap integral S on the acoustic mode number n has a sharp peak in the region of n 100. Computer simulations have demonstrated the energy conversion of the pump wave into short pulses of the signal (Stokes) wave in the case of synchronous pumping. The optimal length of the fiber should be approximately equal to the half-length of the pump pulse. The bypass time of the Stokes pulse of the optimal circuit fiber and the feedback loop must be equal to the repetition period of the pump pulse. An importance of acoustic mode structure of the fiber for the process of forming pulse train in shown. We have found that the acoustic anti-waveguide fibers with a small core (a < 3 m) can be preferable for obtaining the stable train of compressed pulses.     

Design of a single-mode directly modulated orbital angular momentum laser

We propose a design of single-mode orbital angular momentum(OAM) beam laser with high direct-modulation bandwidth. It is a microcylinder/microring cavity interacted with two types of second-order gratings: the complex top grating containing the real part and the imaginary part modulations and the side grating. The side grating etched on the periphery of the microcylinder/microring cavity can select a whispering gallery mode with a specific azimuthal mode number, while the complex top grating can scatter the lasing mode with travelling-wave pattern vertically. With the cooperation of the gratings, the laser works with a single mode and emits radially polarized OAM beams. With an asymmetrical pad metal on the top of the cavity, the OAM on-chip laser can firstly be directly modulated with electrical pumping. Due to the small active volume, the laser with low threshold current is predicted to have a high direct modulation bandwidth about 29 GHz with the bias current of ten times the threshold from the simulation. The semiconductor OAM laser can be rather easily realized at different wavelengths such as the O band, C band, and L band.     

Improvement of the operation parameters for a Cr:LiSAF ultrashort-pulsed laser

The optimization of the pumping power that is focused on a gain medium inside an optical cavity is fundamental for increasing the efficiency of the power transferred inside a crystal, in this way increasing the output power of the laser. Nevertheless, in the case of pumping with a highly astigmatic laser diode, an undesirable form of the beam is focused on the cavity and the process to improve the cross section and sizes of the beam produce a notable reduction in the effective pump power ultimately focused in the crystal. The cavity design improvements for a Cr:LiSAF laser pumped with a 200 um × 1 um laser diode emission is presented for three different configurations, Z, V, and ring. The pump power is introduced in the cavity through a simple optical array, coupling more than 83% of the laser-diode power. The design requirements for the resonant cavity are reviewed in order to improve the coupling between the fundamental mode of the cavity and the cross-section form of the pumping beam. The stability limits of the cavities and Kerr sensitivity region are presented.     

双激光二极管阵列侧面交错抽运的电光调Q Nd:YAG激光器

采用双激光二极管阵列(LDA)侧面交错抽运Nd:YAG晶体,通过电光调Q的方式获得1064 nm动态脉冲激光输出.这种抽运结构可以使晶体内的增益场与谐振腔基模实现良好的匹配,易于得到良好的光束质量和大能量输出.抽运源采用峰值功率为100 W的准连续LDA,采用直接贴近抽运的方式,KD*P晶体作为电光Q开关.并应用高斯光束传输的ABCD定律,计算了谐振腔稳区范围,给出了较为合理的谐振腔参数.所设计的激光器在重复频率20 Hz,抽运能量1200 mJ时,获得了最大输出能量151 mJ,脉宽8.48 ns的1064 nm动态激光输出,光-光转换效率为12.6%.     

Large intensity noise from symmetric low-Q cavity semiconductor lasers driven with pump-noise-suppressed current injection in the high-pump regime

We have measured the intensity noise from symmetric low-Q cavity laser diodes (LD's) operated far above threshold in a constant-current mode. The single-sided output noise exhibits significant dependence on the mirror reflectivities of the laser cavity, in good agreement with the theoretical predictions based on a quantum-mechanical traveling-wave analysis. In an antireflection-coated LD with a residual mirror reflectivity of 5%, intensity noise as large as 9 dB above the shot-noise level was observed at a pumping rate of 10 times the threshold. This is caused by amplification of the vacuum-field fluctuations coupled by the low-reflectivity mirrors into the laser cavity.     

抽运光对激光束空间分布影响程度的估算方法研究

为便于评价两种光场空间分布之间的偏离程度，引入一个数学参数δ进行研究。将该参数应用到谐振腔内分析了抽运光空间分布对基模振荡光光束质量的影响。这种影响主要表现为：若抽运光在激光介质中引起非均匀的增益分布，基模振荡光将偏离高斯分布。利用δ参数对这种影响的程度进行了定量估算。定量研究表明：δ参数可以直观地反映泵浦光分布对激光器光束质量的影响程度，而且在激光器的设计中δ参数的大小可衡量泵浦光分布的优劣。对于端面泵浦二极管泵浦固体激光器（DPL），稳恒运转下最理想的抽运光分布形式是高斯型抽运光，其半径等于谐振腔的基模高斯振荡光半径。     

A miniature electron beam pumped laser

The 1.73 μm XeI laser has been operated in a fully continuous mode using a table-top electron beam pumped laser setup. A 12 keV electron beam sent through a 300 nm thick silicon nitride membrane into a laser gas mixture of typically 600 mbar gas pressure was used for pumping. A low loss cavity was installed, resulting in a very low pumping power of 37 mW to reach laser threshold. The geometrical conditions for the laser setup such as the shape of the beam pumped volume and its overlap with the optical mode volume are discussed. The laser scheme has been clearly identified as a recombination laser scheme by operating the laser in pulsed mode and observing the time structure of the laser pulse.     

Numerical analysis of a dual-pass pumping laser with weak absorption

A model for a laser with dual-pass pumping is established, and an equation expressing the mode matching for this structure is presented. Through the numerical analysis of this equation, under the conditions of weak-absorption and effective absorption efficiency, the optimum radius of the pump beam waist as well as the optimum location is fitted to simple formulas, considering the quality of the pump beam, absorption coefficient, and beam waist of the cavity mode.Using these formulas, the laser with dual-pass pumping could be optimized to obtain a high slope efficiency. To test the utility of this model, an Nd:YVO_4 laser with dual-pass pumping and weak-absorption was built and optimized according to the results of the calculation. A good agreement between the results of the calculations and the experiment verified the model and the numerical analysis.     

复合腔全光纤环形激光器单纵模双向同时激射的实验研究

提出并实验证实了三能级掺杂光纤复合腔环形激光器共振选模振荡原理和腔内自建可饱和吸收机制对双向行波共振谱的去耦作用，并实现复合腔掺Ｅｒ＾３＋全光纤环形激光器单纵蓦以向同时激射。     

Role of stationary photon statistics in a high-Q cavity mode while it is exciting the active laser medium

It has been shown by Yu. M. Golubev, M. I. Kolobov, and I. V. Sokolov, Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 111, 1579 (1997) [JETP 84, 864 (1997)], that when an optical cavity is excited by external radiation from a sub-Poisson laser the cavity mode may be in either a sub-Poisson or a Poisson stationary state. This is not important for a resonant medium which is excited into the upper laser level while interacting with this mode inside the cavity. The degree of regularity of the excitation will be identical to that of the initial light flux incident on the cavity, and this ultimately ensures the same sub-Poisson lasing as for strictly regular pumping of the resonant medium. Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 113, 1223–1234 (April 1998)     

Long-cavity passively mode-locked fiber ring laser with high-energy rectangular-shape pulses in anomalous dispersion regime

We report on a long-cavity passively mode-locked fiber laser in the anomalous dispersion regime. The nonlinear polarization rotation technique is employed to achieve mode locking. The output pulse from the fiber laser has a rectangular shape and a corresponding gaussian-shape spectral profile. Stable mode-locked pulses at a repetition rate of 278 kHz with single pulse energy as high as 715 nJ are obtained under equal bidirectional pumping power of 500 mW in cavity. The experimental results demonstrate that the passively mode-locked fiber laser operating in the anomalous regime can also realize a high-energy pulse, which is different from the conventional low-energy soliton pulse.     

基于组合模理论设计的激光二极管阵列外腔

针对激光二极管阵列提出了"组合模"概念,计算了组合模的远场分布.每个组合模在远场的空间分布呈双瓣结构.基于激光二极管阵列组合模的远场分布特征,设计了离轴外腔反馈的激光二极管阵列.运用此装置所获得激光二极管阵列的远场分布有了明显变化.与自由运转的激光二极管阵列相比,离轴外腔反馈的激光二极管阵列远场宽度减少了4.3倍.在抽运电流为16 A时,测得输出激光的功率1.82 W,这相当于相同电流下自由运转激光器输出功率的79%.组合模理论不仅可以用来指导设计一维离轴外腔反馈激光二极管阵列,而且也可以用于设计二维离轴外腔反馈激光二极管阵列.二维离轴外腔反馈激光二极管阵列可以产生高功率,高光束质量输出的激光.     

二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中同相模的选择

 从理论和实验上对二极管激光阵列在Talbot外腔中的锁相进行了研究。在同相模和异相模近场分布的基础上，利用1维情况下的菲涅耳衍射公式计算了其远场分布。根据同相模和异相模在Talbot腔中的分布特性，采用1/2 Talbot腔并将外腔镜倾斜一个角度a的方法既能选择同相模，又能使模式的功率损耗最小。二极管激光阵列芯片采用CD金刚石材料,“三明治”结构对其进行封装，明显地减小了阵列的“smile”效应。在实验中实现了二极管激光阵列同相模的锁相输出，远场单瓣模的半高全宽为0.11 mm。     

全固化自锁模飞秒Ti:S激光器实验研究

首次在国内系统报道了以腔内LBO倍频Nd:YVO₄激光器为泵浦源的全固化自锁模飞秒钛宝石激光器的实验结果.设计了一种热不敏腔内LBO倍频线性折叠腔结构,获得到了25.5%的光转换效率,泵浦功率为22W时得到了5.6W的基模绿光输出功率;以该激光器为泵浦源,在线性Z型腔的基础上,使用了一种能够通过改变腔内凹面聚焦镜折叠角消除象散的方法,直接由钛宝石激光器得到了脉冲宽度为22fs、功率为300mW的光脉冲.整个激光系统稳定性好,噪音明显低于Ar³⁺激光器的泵浦情况.     

Vibroacoustic properties of thin micro-perforated panel absorbers

This paper presents theoretical and experimental results on the influence of panel vibrations on the sound absorption properties of thin micro-perforated panel absorbers (MPPA). Measurements show that the absorption performance of thin MPPAs generates extra absorption peaks or dips that cannot be understood assuming a rigid MPPA. A theoretical model is established that accounts for structural-acoustic interaction between the micro-perforated panel and the backing cavity, assuming uniform conservative boundary conditions for the panel and separable coordinates for the cavity cross-section. This model is verified experimentally against impedance tube measurements and laser vibrometric scans of the cavity-backed panel response. It is shown analytically and experimentally that the air-frame relative velocity is a key factor that alters the input acoustic impedance of thin MPPAs. Coupled mode analysis reveals that the two first resonances of an elastic MPPA are either panel-cavity, hole-cavity, or panel-controlled resonances, depending on whether the effective air mass of the perforations is greater or lower than the first panel modal mass. A critical value of the perforation ratio is found through which the MPPA resonances experience a frequency "jump" and that determines two absorption mechanisms operating out of the transitional region.