农用混合稀土对小鼠某些免疫功能的影响

报道了农用混合稀土对ＬＡＣＡ小鼠某些免疫功能的影响，用液相单层溶血空斑法来测定腹腔一次染毒混合稀土第５天，小鼠脾脏抗体生成细胞（ＰＦＣ）的变化，发现在０．１ｍｇ／１０ｇ体重剂量组，混合稀土对１ｇＭＰＦＣ的产生有明显的刺激作用（Ｐ＜０．００１）；０．５ｍｇ／１０ｇ体重剂量还引起了脾脏和胸腺重量的下降，为ＭＴＴ颜色显示法观察了腹腔染毒１０天Ｔ淋巴细胞增殖能力的变化。发现在０．１、０．５和１．０ｍｇ／１     

血液病与微量元素关系的研究

研究了血液病与微量元素的关系,发现再生障碍性贫血患者治疗前血清Ｃｕ升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,缓解后Ｃｕ恢复正常。骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）中ＲＡ＋ＲＡＳ组Ｃｕ及Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值高,Ｚｎ值降低不明显;ＲＡＥＢ＋ＲＡＥＢ－Ｔ组Ｃｕ及Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ高,Ｚｎ值明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。急性白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤及慢粒患者血清Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ及Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值与对照组比较均呈显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５￣０．０１）,而缓解     

混合硝酸稀土和氯化镉对小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的影响

以混合硝酸稀土（剂量３２、６４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）和氯化镉（剂量０．７、１．４、２．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对小鼠分别进行灌胃和腹腔注射处理，以测定混合硝酸稀土对氯化镉诱发的骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率的拮抗作用。实验结果表明，两种剂量混合硝酸稀土能有效地降低不同剂量氯化镉诱发的微核率，混合硝酸稀土和氯化混合给药组与相应的氯化镉单独给药组相比，有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

二氯化锰慢性染毒对大鼠脏器和血液元素含量的影响

用ＭｎＣｌ２水溶液通过气管和腹腔二条途径对Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠染毒，气管染毒４个月，总量达（７４．４９～１８．５９）×１０－６，腹腔染毒４个月，总量达（１１４５．２６～５７２，４）×１０－６．采用原子吸收光谱法，测定了大鼠肝、脾、肺、肾、脑和血液中锰、钙、镁元素的含量．结果：脑、肺组织中锰元素含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１），脾脏钙元素和血液镁元素含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）．提示：慢性锰中毒对脏器与血液中元素含量的影响不可忽视．     

糖尿病患者血清中微量元素分析

对２０例糖尿病患者血清锌、铁、锰、钙、铜含量检测发现，糖尿病组较对照组血清铁、铜高，差异显著（Ｐ〈０．０５），血清锌、锰略低（Ｐ〉０．０５），血清钙略高（Ｐ〉０．０５）。表明糖尿病可导致微量元素代谢紊乱，在治疗糖尿病时要适当补充微量元素；同时微量元素含量可作为糖尿病的一个控制指标。     

糖尿病模型大鼠血清微量元素的测定

使用链脲佐菌素诱导出大鼠糖尿病模型,另设正常对照组,测定两组大鼠的血清镁,锌,铜,铬的含量,结果表明,糖尿病组较对照组血清锌,镁,铬低,而铜高（Ｐ〈０．０５）,血清锌与血糖,胰岛素,ＨｂＡｌｃ显著相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）,铜,铬与血清,胰岛素显著相关（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

卟啉化合物电化学性质研究 Ⅰ.5,10,15,20-四-(4-乙酰氧基苯)卟吩及其Cu、Zn、Fe、Co、Ni配合物的合成及循环伏安研究

本文报道了５，１０，１５，２０－四（４－乙酰氧基苯）卟吩（Ｔ（４ＡＯＰ）Ｐ）及其Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ配合物的合成及其在ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２－０．１ｍｏｌ／ＩＴＢＡＰ体系中的循环伏安（ＣＶ）。研究结果。ＣＶ实验表明：Ｃｕ＾２＾＋，Ｚｎ＾２＾＝，Ｎｉ＾２＾＋离子以稳定的＋２价存在于Ｔ（４ＡＯＰ）Ｐ中，电子转移反应在卟啉环上进行，而Ｆｅ＾３＾＋，Ｃｏ＾２＾＋离子在氧化还原过程中发生价态变化。实验发现...     

四（4—甲氧基—3—磺酸苯基）卟啉分光光度法测定微量铅

研究了水溶性卟啉５，１０，１５，２０－四（４－甲氧基－３－磺酸苯基）卟啉（Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ４）与铅的显色反应，在ｐＨ１１和酒石酸钾存在下铅与Ｔ（４－ＭＯＰ）ＰＳ４在室温时间形成１：１的配合物，其最大吸收波长在位于４６４．４ｎｍ，摩尔吸光系数为２．３×１０＾５Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１，铅量在０～２０μｇ／２５ｍＬ，范围为符合比尔定律，工作工线回归方程Ａ＝０．０２６２＋０．０４３５ｃ相关系数ｒ     

肝素和低效阶肝素对兔动脉壁微量元素的影响

给家兔静脉注射不同效阶肝素，并用在子发射光谱仪（ＤＣＰ－ＡＥＳ）测定兔动脉壁中Ｍｏ、Ｚｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｍｎ、Ａｌ、Ｃｄ、Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｐｂ、Ｎｉ、Ｔｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｋ、Ｎａ、Ｌｉ、Ｃｒ等元素含量。结果表明，与盐水组比较，商品肝素、低效阶肝素（３８ｕ／ｍｇ）使Ｍｇ、Ｋ明显高于（Ｐ〈０．０５或Ｐ〈０．０１）；低效阶肝素使Ｚｎ显著升高（Ｐ〈０．０５）；而商品肝素使Ｃｏ显著升高，Ａｌ显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）；两组     

原发性肝癌患者血清多种微量元素、铜蓝蛋白、T淋巴细胞测定与分析

应用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ、酶氧化反应、酸性非特异性酯酶方法，对３３例原发性肝癌患者，测定血清多种微量元素、铜蓝蛋白及Ｔ淋巴细胞，分别与１７例、３６例、３４例健康者对照．原发性肝癌组血清铜ｘ±ｓ＝１９．１９±６．７０８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）高于对照组（ｘ±Ｓ＝１４．８２±４．３７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），血清钼（０．４３７±０．３１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、锌（１５．５１±８．７７μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、铁（２０．９７±２６．１３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）均低于对照组铝（１．１８６±０．３１２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、锌（２０．９４±６．３１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、铁（４６．７２±２９．８９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ），Ｐ值均＜０．０５；肝癌组铜蓝蛋白（ｘ±Ｓ＝５．３８±２．３５活性单位／ｍＬ）高于对照组ｘ±Ｓ＝３．９２±０．８７活性单位／ｍＬ，Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｔ淋巴细胞（ｘ±Ｓ＝５７．７８±１１．７１活性单位／ｍＬ），低于对照组（ｘ±Ｓ＝６６．８０±１２．８２活性单位／ｍＬ），Ｐ＜０．０５．结果提示原发性肝癌微量元素代谢异常，直接影响酶系统，使自由基失控、机体内促氧化和抗氧化平衡失调，估计这一学说在肝癌的发病中起重要作用。     

铅染毒对大鼠体内钙、锌、铁元素的影响研究

Wistar大鼠每天腹腔注射醋酸铅649mg/kg,在第4周醋酸铅剂量降至329．5mg/kg,8周停止染毒。结果表明,随着铅染毒,大鼠出现高尿铅、高尿锌、高尿钙;脑、肝、肾中铁、锌、钙却都有不同程度提高,肝脏中锌、钙、铁、肾脏中锌、钙增加极明显;在8周停止染毒后,脑铅含量大幅度降低（P＜0．01）,肝脏铅却梢有上升（P＞0．05）,肾铅急剧增加,从47．9320μmol／L升至633．85μmol／L,大约上升13倍（P＜0．01）。     

Molecular Studies on the Nephroprotective Potential of Celastrus paniculatus against Lead-Acetate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Experimental Rats: Role of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Chemicals can induce nephrotoxicity, with damage to different segments of the nephron and deterioration of renal function. Nephrotoxicity due to exposure to a toxin such as carbon tetrachloride, sodium oxalate, or heavy metals is the most common cause of kidney injury. The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed extract against lead-acetate-induced nephrotoxicity by evaluating the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructure, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n = 6 per group): group 1 contained normal animals and served as the control; group 2 received lead acetate (30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)/day, oral); group 3 received lead acetate and the standard drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 200 mg/kg b.w./day, oral); and group 4 received lead acetate and the ethanolic extract of C. paniculatus seed (EECP; 800 mg/kg b.w./day, oral). Treatment was given for 28 consecutive days. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance with SIGMA PLOT 13 using SYSTAT software followed by Newman–Keul’s test for comparison between the groups. EECP ameliorated the adverse changes caused by lead acetate. PI3K and AKT messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were diminished in lead-acetate-treated rats. Treatment with EECP inhibited the occurrence of shrunken cells, the atrophy of glomeruli, and degenerative changes in renal tubules caused by lead acetate. Interestingly, the PI3K and AKT mRNA levels were significantly increased in EECP-treated animals. Our results clearly evidence for the first time that C. paniculatus seed extract inhibits lead-acetate-induced detrimental changes in kidneys by regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.     

Metallothionein as a biomarker for mercury in tissues of rat fed orally with cinnabar

Cinnabar, as one of the most widely used mineral drugs in traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have prominent curative effects in clinical use for more than 2000 years. But the safety and toxicity of the drug has been under constant debate in clinic usage. Metallothionein (MT) contains about 30% of cysteine in the molecule, and plays an important detoxification role against heavy metals. In this study, it was used as a biomarker to assess mercurial accumulation in rats fed orally with cinnabar. After feeding rats with cinnabar by gastric gavage at different dosages and at different times, the distribution of heavy metals (including mercury, copper and zinc) and MT was investigated among rat tissues, including liver, kidney, heart, brain, testis and blood. Metals and MT determinations were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and a modified mercury saturation assay technique respectively. The results indicated that mercury was easily accumulated in the tissues of rats exposed to cinnabar, especially in kidney. For example: at a feeding dosage of 5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 4 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 13, 8.7, 21.6 and 26 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively; and at 2.5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 2 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 21, 2.1, 3 and 21 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively. In addition, mercury in kidney and liver of all cinnabar groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). A high positive correlation observed between MT concentrations and mercury levels in both liver and kidney (R² = 0.9299, P < 0.02 for liver; R² = 0.9923, P < 0.0008 for kidney) indicated that MT could be used as a biomarker for mercury in tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铅染毒家兔脂质过氧化水平和神经传导速度的变化及关系研究

为观察铅对脂质过氧化水平和神经传导速度(NCV)的影响,并探讨两者关系,1 6只家兔随机分为2组,每组8只,染铅组饮用0 1 %醋酸铅水,对照组予以去离子水,持续8周,测定了两组家兔股神经NCV及血浆和脑组织丙二醛(MDA)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T -SOD)水平,分析了MDA、T -SOD与NCV之间的关系。结果表明,染铅组NCV显著低于对照组(P <0 0 1 ) ,NCV与脑组织MDA之间存在相关关系(r=-0 5 2 1 ,P <0 0 5 ) ,但染铅组MDA、T -SOD与对照组比较未达到显著性差别(P >0 0 5 )。提示铅中毒能引起NCV减慢,这与脂质过氧化水平有关,脂质过氧化损伤可能是铅致中毒性周围神经病的机制之一。     

Pathophysiology of Microwave Radiation: Effect on Rat Brain

The study aims to investigate the effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on Wistar rats. Rats of 35 days old with 130 ± 10 g body weight were selected for this study. Animals were divided into two groups: sham exposed and experimental (six animals each). Animals were exposed for 2 h a day for 45 days at 2.45 GHz frequency (power density, 0.21 mW/cm²). The whole body specific absorption rate was estimated to be 0.14 W/kg. Exposure took place in a ventilated plexiglas cage and kept in an anechoic chamber under a horn antenna. After completion of the exposure period, rats were killed, and pineal gland and whole brain tissues were isolated for the estimation of melatonin, creatine kinase, caspase 3, and calcium ion concentration. Experiments were performed in a blind manner and repeated. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) was recorded in the level of pineal melatonin of exposed group as compared with sham exposed. A significant increase (P < 0.05) in creatine kinase, caspase 3, and calcium ion concentration was observed in whole brain of exposed group of animals as compared to sham exposed. One-way analysis of variance method was adopted for statistical analysis. The study concludes that a reduction in melatonin or an increase in caspase-3, creatine kinase, and calcium ion may cause significant damage in brain due to chronic exposure of these radiations. These biomarkers clearly indicate possible health implications of such exposures.     

低剂量铅对大鼠脑组织一氧化氮合酶表达及活性的影响

为探讨低水平铅损伤记忆功能的作用机理，采用ＮＡＤＰＨ－黄递酶组织化学方法和＾３Ｈ－瓜氨酸生成生物检测技术，观察了新生大鼠在４００ｍｇ／Ｌ醋酸铅染毒４０天后对脑组织内一氧化氮合酶表达及活性的影响。结果显示大脑皮质一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元数量明显减少（Ｐ〈０．０５），在海马区脑组织内一氧化氮合酶活性降低５４．４％。结论：低水平铅暴露后可抑制大鼠脑组织内一氧化氮合酶的表达及活性。     

Bioaccumulation of metals and induction of metallo‐ thioneins in selected tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) co‐exposed to cadmium,mercury and lead

The concentrations of mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) at various exposure periods were determined in the gill, kidney, liver and muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) co‐exposed to 1.0 µg ml^?1 each of Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ for up to 10 days. Metallothionein fractions (MTs) in these organs were characterized using the hyphenated technique of size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). After 10 days of exposure, maximum toxic metal concentrations of Hg, Cd and Pb were 10.7 (gill), 0.145 (kidney) and 0.112 µg g^?1_dryweight (gill), respectively. The pattern of accumulation of Hg and Pb was in the order gill > kidney > liver > muscle. In the case of Cd, accumulation was in the order kidney > gill > liver > muscle. Cd and Hg binding MTs were significantly induced in the gill, kidney and liver of all the exposure groups in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05), and the amounts of them increased with the longer exposure time. Despite the higher intracellular Hg concentration and the stronger Hg? SH binding affinity, the amount of Cd‐binding MTs was much higher than that of Hg‐binding MTs. The results indicate that MT synthesis in these organs was clearly metal‐specific. MTs in gill may be used as a bio‐marker to detect the metal pollution caused by Hg and Cd. Zinc and copper binding MTs in the organs of the exposed fish were also increased. This may be due to the MTs' important role in the homeostatic regulation of essential metals and their protective role against the acute toxicity of non‐essential metals. Even though there was considerable accumulation of lead in the organs of the exposed fish, Pb‐binding MT synthesis was non‐significant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

铜负荷大鼠基底节对肝豆灵代谢响应的~1H NMR研究

采用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)技术与多元统计分析相结合的方法,对肝豆灵对大鼠基底节铜损伤的调节机制进行研究。24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和肝豆灵组,每组8只,以铜负荷法造模。从造模第7周开始,肝豆灵组大鼠以肝豆灵灌胃。数据分析显示:与正常组比较,模型组的基底节细胞凋亡指数显著增高(p0.01);基底节组织中的谷氨酰胺、尿苷、苏氨酸含量升高(p0.05),甘露醇、腺苷、N-乙酰天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、N-乙酰谷氨酸(NAG)、天冬酰胺、乙酸、天冬氨酸、肌醇、三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量降低(p0.05);与模型组相比,肝豆灵组的基底节细胞凋亡指数显著降低(p0.01);基底节组织中的谷氨酰胺、尿苷、乙酸、天冬氨酸含量降低(p0.05),甘露醇、腺苷、苏氨酸、N-乙酰天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、N-乙酰谷氨酸、天冬酰胺、肌醇、ATP含量升高(p0.05)。研究结果表明,肝豆灵可影响铜负荷大鼠基底节的代谢,对铜损伤具有一定的修复作用,其机制可能是通过调节氨的解毒和兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质的代谢,干预能量代谢,恢复神经元和神经胶质细胞功能。     

重复性"饥饿/再投喂"对大鼠脂代谢及主动脉影响的研究

为探讨经过重复性"饥饿/再投喂"方式处理后大鼠摄取高脂食物时有关体质量控制与能量平衡调节的瘦素(leptin)和神经肽Y(NPY)的表达变化,设计"重复性饥饿1 d/再投喂基础饲料1 d,持续6周"的饲喂方式处理动物模型,6周后改为每天喂以高脂饲料(高脂模型组),另设高脂对照组和基础对照组,喂养至12周,测定了血脂水平...     

Cytotoxicity and DNA Damage Effect of TGA-capped CdTe Quantum Dots

The cytotoxicity and DNA damage caused by thioglycolic acid(TGA)-capped cadmium telluride(CdTe)quantum dots(QDs)to hepatocyte line HL-7702 were investigated.Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimeth...