虚边界元法与强流电子枪的电子轨迹模拟

以位势问题为分析对象,从格林公式出发严格导出了虚边界元法的基本积分方程.并以虚边界元法基本积分方程为出发点,从理论上导出了虚边界元法对虚边界形状位置的基本要求.理论结果表明,虚边界元法本身是一种严格的方法,但在一定条件下,它是一种近似方法.基于虚边界元方法开发了一套适用于强流电子枪的电子轨迹模拟程序,并对强流电子枪进行了计算.对强流电子枪的计算表明,在同等条件下,取定最佳的虚实边界距离与边界单元数,虚边界元法较边界元法的精度要高.     

NLIE of Dirichlet sine-Gordon model for boundary bound states

We investigate boundary bound states of sine-Gordon model on the finite-size strip with Dirichlet boundary conditions. For the purpose we derive the nonlinear integral equation (NLIE) for the boundary excited states from the Bethe ansatz equation of the inhomogeneous XXZ spin 1/2 chain with boundary imaginary roots discovered by Saleur and Skorik. Taking a large volume (IR) limit we calculate boundary energies, boundary reflection factors and boundary Lüscher corrections and compare with the excited boundary states of the Dirichlet sine-Gordon model first considered by Dorey and Mattsson. We also consider the short distance limit and relate the IR scattering data with that of the UV conformal field theory.     

Supersymmetric Boundary Conditions in \mathcal{N}=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory

We study boundary conditions in ${\mathcal{N}}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory that preserve one-half the supersymmetry. The obvious Dirichlet boundary conditions can be modified to allow some of the scalar fields to have a “pole” at the boundary. The obvious Neumann boundary conditions can be modified by coupling to additional fields supported at the boundary. The obvious boundary conditions associated with orientifolds can also be generalized. In preparation for a separate study of how electric-magnetic duality acts on these boundary conditions, we explore moduli spaces of solutions of Nahm’s equations that appear in the presence of a boundary. Though our main interest is in boundary conditions that are Lorentz-invariant (to the extent possible in the presence of a boundary), we also explore non-Lorentz-invariant but half-BPS deformations of Neumann boundary conditions. We make preliminary comments on the action of electric-magnetic duality, deferring a more serious study to a later paper.     

Exact partition function and boundary state of 2D massive Ising field theory with boundary magnetic field

We compute the exact partition function, the universal ground-state degeneracy and boundary state of the 2D Ising model with boundary magnetic field at off-critical temperatures. The model has a domain that exhibits states localized near the boundaries. We study this domain of boundary bound state and derive exact expressions for the “g function” and boundary state for all temperatures and boundary magnetic fields. In the massless limit we recover the boundary renormalization group flow between the conformally invariant free and fixed boundary conditions.     

Effects of boundary inclination and boundary type on shear-driven grain boundary migration

A series of molecular dynamics simulations was performed on a bicrystal to which a fixed shear rate was applied parallel to the boundary plane. Under some conditions, grain boundary motion is coupled to the relative tangential motion of the two grains. In order to investigate the generality of this type of coupled shear/boundary motion, simulations were performed for both special (low Σ) and general (non-Σ) [010] tilt boundaries over a wide range of grain boundary inclinations. The data point to the existence of two critical stresses: one for coupled shear/boundary motion and the other for grain boundary sliding. For the non-Σ boundaries, the critical stress for coupled shear/boundary motion is typically smaller than that for sliding; coupled shear/boundary motion occurs for all inclinations. For Σ5 boundaries, for which the critical stress is smaller and depends on boundary inclination, coupled shear/boundary motion occurs for some, but not all inclinations.     

SPH方法进出口数值边界条件研究

基于虚粒子概念,提出进出口数值边界条件处理方法.在进口边界外设置进口区域,并赋予进口虚粒子相应的物理量;出口边界外设置出口和缓冲区域,出口虚粒子的物理量由计算获得,缓冲区的虚粒子初始物理量是指定的;根据每个时间步的流动情况,改变粒子的区域属性,添加/删除相应的粒子.利用拉格朗日形式的SPH方法,通过管内流动问题验证数值进出口边界方法的适用性,研究进出口边界条件在激波管、绕流问题中的应用.提出的进出口边界处理方法,避免了边界附近流体粒子积分截断问题,保证流体粒子能够流出边界,激波能够透射边界.     

不同边界条件下的渗吸驱动因素

建立不同边界条件下的渗吸数学模型, 分别研究在单一边界(OEO边界条件)和混合边界条件(TEO-OW边界条件)下重力和毛管压力对渗吸作用的驱动。结果表明: OEO边界条件下, 只存在逆向渗吸, 并且当开启端面在下端时, 重力抑制渗吸进行; 当开启端面在上端时, 重力促进渗吸进行; TEO-OW边界条件下, 同时存在逆向渗吸和同向渗吸, 对于逆向渗吸, 重力是阻力, 对于同向渗吸, 重力是动力, 当Bond数倒数较小时, 重力在渗吸作用中占主导地位, 当Bond数倒数较大时, 毛管力占主导地位。对比OEO开启端面在上端时和TEO-OW边界条件下重力和毛管力对渗吸作用的大小。结果显示, 在相同Bond数倒数下, OEO边界条件下重力作用的渗吸排油比例要高于TEO-OW边界条件下重力作用的渗吸排油比例。对比不同Bond数倒数下OEO和TEO-OW渗吸速度发现, 当Bond数倒数较小时, 重力起主导作用, OEO边界渗吸速度更快; 当Bond数倒数较大时, 毛管力起主导作用, TEO-OW边界条件渗吸速度更快。     

波动方程的人工边界条件

讨论了求解无限区域内波动方程的人工边界条件问题。利用简单而方便的直接差分方法构造了两个新的人工边界条件。严格地证明了它们的稳定性及其与解析边界条件的相容性。数值结果表明,这些新的人工边界条件在计算中颇为有效。     

Temperature dependence of the structure and shear response of a Σ11 asymmetric tilt grain boundary in copper from molecular-dynamics

We investigate the effect of temperature on the structure and shear response of a Σ11 asymmetric tilt grain boundary in a classical embedded-atom model of elemental copper using molecular dynamics simulations. As the temperature is increased the structure of the boundary disorders considerably, but with a boundary width that remains finite at the melting point. The disordering of the boundary structure becomes significant for homologous temperatures above 0.83 (1100?K). As temperature increases above this point the boundary width and roughness increases monotonically. Near the temperature where the boundary starts to disorder we observe a change in the temperature dependence of the ideal shear strength of the boundary, as well as the value of the coupling parameter β, defined as the ratio of the velocity of relative translation of the grains parallel to the boundary plane to that corresponding to the motion of the boundary normal to its plane.     

Atomistic Simulation of Curvature Driven Grain Boundary Migration

We present two dimensional molecular dynamics simulations of grain boundary migration using the half-loop bicrystal geometry in the experiments of Shvindlerman et al. We examine the dependence of steady-state grain boundary migration rate on grain boundary curvature by varying the half-loop width at constant temperature. The results confirm the classical result derived by absolute reaction rate theory that grain boundary velocity is proportional to the curvature. We then measure the grain boundary migration rate for fixed half-loop width at varying temperatures. Analysis of this data establishes an Arrhenius relation between the grain boundary mobility and temperature, allowing us to extract the activation energy for grain boundary migration. Since grain boundaries have an excess volume, curvature driven grain boundary migration increases the density of the system during the simulations. In simulations performed at constant pressure, this leads to vacancy generation during the boundary migration, making the whole migration process jerky.     

不同边界条件下一维双原子链的晶格振动

在自由边界条件和驻波边界条件下，讨论分析了一维双原子链晶格振动的振动模和色散关系，并与周期性边界条件下的结果进行了比较；明确了在不同边界条件下讨论实际原子链晶格振动的振动模和色散关系，其结果是相同的。     

Stimulation and Suppression of Grain Boundary Sliding by Intragranular Slip in Zinc Bicrystals

The influence of intragranular slip on grain boundary sliding is studied in originally compatible zinc bicrystals with symmetric tilt boundary. The experiment is designed to separate different effects of intragranular slip on the boundary sliding and establish their mechanisms. Grain boundary sliding with and without development of intragranular slip is observed. The rate of sliding accompanied by slip is more than five times of that without slip. A good correlation between the boundary sliding and intragranular slip prior to slide hardening is established. Slide hardening followed by the negative sliding near one end of the boundary and strain hardening in the boundary vicinity, are observed at the last stages of deformation. For the case of formation of slip induced glissile grain boundary dislocations of opposite signs the possibility of their contribution to total grain boundary sliding, is analyzed. The effect of the increase in the rate of sliding is explained in terms of the accommodation of sliding by slip and appearance of additional glissile grain boundary dislocations of one sign due to strain incompatibility. Contribution of these different dislocation mechanisms to the increase in the sliding rate is determined for the stage of deformation preceding slide hardening. It is supposed that the effect of slide hardening and negative sliding as well as boundary curving is created by non-smooth boundary and small degree of incompatibility caused by straining.     

Exact boundary condition for time-dependent wave equation based on boundary integral

An exact non-reflecting boundary conditions based on a boundary integral equation or a modified Kirchhoff-type formula is derived for exterior three-dimensional wave equations. The Kirchhoff-type non-reflecting boundary condition is originally proposed by L. Ting and M.J. Miksis [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80 (1986) 1825] and numerically tested by D. Givoli and D. Cohen [J. Comput. Phys. 117 (1995) 102] for a spherically symmetric problem. The computational advantage of Ting–Miksis boundary condition is that its temporal non-locality is limited to a fixed amount of past information. However, a long-time instability is exhibited in testing numerical solutions by using a standard non-dissipative finite-difference scheme. The main purpose of this work is to present a new exact boundary condition and to eliminate the long-time instability. The proposed exact boundary condition can be considered as a limit case of Ting–Miksis boundary condition when the two artificial boundaries used in their method approach each other. Our boundary condition is actually a boundary integral equation on a single artificial boundary for wave equations, which is to be solved in conjunction with the interior wave equation. The new boundary condition needs only one artificial boundary, which can be of any shape, i.e., sphere, cubic surface, etc. It keeps all merits of the original Kirchhoff boundary condition such as restricting the temporal non-locality, free of numerical evaluation of any special functions and so on. Numerical approximation to the artificial boundary condition on cubic surface is derived and three-dimensional numerical tests are carried out on the cubic computational domain.     

Probability of boundary conditions in quantum cosmology

One of the main interest in quantum cosmology is to determine boundary conditions for the wave function of the universe which can predict observational data of our universe. For this purpose, we solve the Wheeler–DeWitt equation for a closed universe with a scalar field numerically and evaluate probabilities for boundary conditions of the wave function of the universe. To impose boundary conditions of the wave function, we use exact solutions of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation with a constant scalar field potential. These exact solutions include wave functions with well known boundary condition proposals, the no-boundary proposal and the tunneling proposal. We specify the exact solutions by introducing two real parameters to discriminate boundary conditions, and obtain the probability for these parameters under the requirement of sufficient e-foldings of the inflation. The probability distribution of boundary conditions prefers the tunneling boundary condition to the no-boundary boundary condition. Furthermore, for large values of a model parameter related to the inflaton mass and the cosmological constant, the probability of boundary conditions selects an unique boundary condition different from the tunneling type.     

Heat Kernel Asymptotics of Zaremba Boundary Value Problem

The Zaremba boundary-value problem is a boundary value problem for Laplace-type second-order partial differential operators acting on smooth sections of a vector bundle over a smooth compact Riemannian manifold with smooth boundary but with discontinuous boundary conditions, which include Dirichlet boundary conditions on one part of the boundary and Neumann boundary conditions on another part of the boundary. We study the heat kernel asymptotics of Zaremba boundary value problem. The construction of the asymptotic solution of the heat equation is described in detail and the heat kernel is computed explicitly in the leading approximation. Some of the first nontrivial coefficients of the heat kernel asymptotic expansion are computed explicitly. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A theoretical and experimental study of non-perfect grain boundary dislocations

The aim of this paper is to discuss the possible appearance of non-perfect grain boundary dislocations in grain boundaries in a variety of materials. To begin with, we survey some of the different theoretical treatments which enable grain boundary dislocations and grain boundary structures to be described. The emphasis is put on more recent ideas, and on illustrating the power of group theory in identifying non-perfect grain boundary dislocations. A derivation of the geometric characteristics of interfacial dislocations is carried out in a simple and tutorial way, in a number of representative examples. It is shown that grain boundary dislocations may be divided into three classes: (1) perfect grain boundary dislocations, (2) imperfect grain boundary dislocations, and (3) partial grain boundary dislocations. Experimental transmission electron microscope evidence is then presented for boundaries in the diamond cubic structure, and it is shown that imperfect and partial grain boundary dislocations play an important role in this system. Finally, a comparison of some grain boundary dislocation types in different materials is given.     

腔体系统电磁脉冲模拟中的电子发射面

对电子发射面设置问题进行了研究,给出了底入射腔体系统电磁脉冲模拟中电子发射面的实现方法,分析了侧入射腔体系统电磁脉冲模拟中电子发射面的特点,并利用虚拟发射面的方法实现了侧入射腔体系统电磁脉冲模拟中电子发射面的设置。结果显示,利用该方法可以较简洁地实现腔体系统电磁脉冲模拟中平面和曲面电子发射面的设置,发射面电子发射参数和时序符合物理规律。     

低渗透多孔介质非达西渗流动边界界面追踪

基于低渗透多孔介质非达西不稳定渗流的动边界数学模型,推导动边界移动速度的微分表达式,揭示动边界移动速度与动边界上地层压力关于径向距离的二次导数成正比;由此利用拉格朗日三点插值公式求得动边界附近控制方程的有限差分格式,并对下一时刻动边界的精确位置进行追踪.有限差分方法的数值结果表明界面追踪法可较好地反映低渗透多孔介质非达西不稳定渗流动边界的移动规律.     

The effects of prosodic boundaries on nasality in Taiwan Min

This study explores the effects of prosodic boundaries on nasality at intonational phrase, word, and syllable boundaries. The subjects were recorded saying phrases that contained a syllable-final nasal consonant followed by a syllable-initial stop. The timing, duration, and magnitude of the nasal airflows measured were used to determine the extent of nasality across boundaries. Nasal amplitudes were found to vary in a speaker-dependent manner among boundary types. However, the patterns of nasal contours and temporal aspects of the airflow parameters consistently varied with boundary type across all the speakers. In general, the duration of nasal airflow and nasal plateau were the longest at the intonational phrase boundary, followed by word boundary and then syllable boundary. In addition to the hierarchical influence of boundary strength, there were unique phonetic markings associated with individual boundaries. In particular, two nasal rises interrupted by nasal inhalation occurred only across an intonation phrase boundary. Also, unexpectedly, a word boundary was marked by the longest postboundary vowel, whereas a syllable boundary was marked with the shortest nasal duration. The results here support the hierarchical effect of boundary on both domain-edge strengthening and cross-boundary coarticulation.     

General Boundary Conditions for a Majorana Single-Particle in a Box in (1 + 1) Dimensions

We consider the problem of a Majorana single-particle in a box in (1 + 1) dimensions. We show that the most general set of boundary conditions for the equation that models this particle is composed of two families of boundary conditions, each one with a real parameter. Within this set, we only have four confining boundary conditions—but infinite not confining boundary conditions. Our results are also valid when we include a Lorentz scalar potential in this equation. No other Lorentz potential can be added. We also show that the four confining boundary conditions for the Majorana particle are precisely the four boundary conditions that mathematically can arise from the general linear boundary condition used in the MIT bag model. Certainly, the four boundary conditions for the Majorana particle are also subject to the Majorana condition.