含巯基MTQ树脂的合成及对丙烯酸酯体系光固化性能的影响

以六甲基二硅氧烷、γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-580）和正硅酸乙酯为原料,在酸性条件下通过水解共聚反应合成了含巯基MTQ树脂（SH-MTQ）。通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱（¹HNMR）、凝胶渗透色谱和热重,对所合成的树脂进行了表征和分析。以1-羟基环己基苯基甲酮（184）为光引发剂,考察了含巯基MTQ树脂对三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯（TPGDA）光固化过程和材料性能的影响,发现含巯基MTQ树脂的加入使得TPGDA的光固化速率和双键转化率有所提高,并且固化膜硬度、热稳定性、透过率和接触角等材料性能也有所提高。     

二乙基硅氧烷双苯并环丁烯的合成及其聚合物性能

利用硅氢加成反应,以4-乙烯基苯并环丁烯(4-VBCB)和1,1,3,3-四甲基-1,3-二氢二硅氧烷（TMHS）为原料,一步法合成了二乙基硅氧烷双苯并环丁烯（DES-bis-BCB）,并对以其为单体在热引发条件下生成的预聚体进行了结构表征。 利用原子力显微镜和热重分析对预聚体的成膜性能和热性能进行了分析。 结果显示,薄膜的均方根（RMS）糙度为0.53 nm,初始分解温度为390 ℃,表明二乙基硅氧烷双苯并环丁烯聚合物具有良好的成膜性能和优异的热稳定性能。     

碱/酸两步催化法制备耐候性SiO2增透膜的研究

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为先驱体,采用碱/酸两步催化溶胶-凝胶法制备出一种兼具碱催化增透膜的高透过率和酸催化增透膜的良好耐摩擦性能的优点的SiO2增透膜。对酸碱催化SiO2相对比例及酸催化时水含量的系统研究表明,当酸催化SiO2的含量为50%时,增透膜综合性能最好,即具有高透过率和高耐摩擦性;当nH2O/nHCl=1∶0.0010时,增透膜的透过率最高。碱/酸两步催化法制备的增透膜与水的接触角仅为11.3°,本文进一步用六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDS)对增透膜表面进行了修饰,修饰后增透膜的接触角提高至52.5°,增透膜的疏水性及环境稳定性得到较大的提高。     

一种含氟丙烯酸树脂的制备及其表面疏水性

在聚合反应的后期阶段,向体系中引入含氟丙烯酸酯单体全氟辛基-(N-乙基-N-丙烯酸乙酯基)磺酰胺(QG-F814)共聚改性的方法制备了一种含氟丙烯酸树脂.接触角测定表明,该树脂具有良好的疏水性能.热重分析表明,该树脂在改性前后的耐热稳定性差别不大.     

氟硅改性聚氨酯自组装膜的合成及性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚酯二元醇、2,2-二羟甲基丙酸和十三氟-1-辛醇等为原料合成了氟醇封端的聚氨酯预聚体(FPU)。 通过FPU侧链含有的羧基官能团与异氰酸酯基硅烷偶联剂(Si-NCO)反应制备了含硅氧烷官能团功能性树脂(FPUSi)。 采用红外光谱(FT-IR) 对产物结构进行了表征,用TGA和水接触角等测试了自组装薄膜的表面性能。 结果表明,在N2气氛围下,FPU和FPUSi的热失重温度（T5％）均为178 ℃;硅基表面经FPUSi自组装膜修饰后,其表面水接触角达到81°。 微摩擦测试结果表明,当载荷为400 mN时,FPUSi自组装薄膜的稳定摩擦系数达到0.09。     

聚酰亚胺硅氧烷/聚酰亚胺两面异性复合膜的制备及性能研究

以氨丙基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、 4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(4,4'-ODA)和3,4,3',4'-联苯四酸二酐(s-BPDA)为原料, 合成了聚酰胺酸硅氧烷嵌段共聚物. 将此嵌段共聚物和聚酰胺酸(s-BPDA/4,4'-ODA)共混, 通过控制制膜条件, 利用各组分在不同溶剂中的溶解度的差别, 使聚酰亚胺硅氧烷富集在膜的上表面. 因为两相在结构和性质上的相似性, 当聚酰胺酸硅氧烷和聚酰胺酸混合时, 具有很好的相容性, 消除了两相间的界面, 从而制备了优异的聚酰亚胺硅氧烷/聚酰亚胺两面异性的复合膜材料. 利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和水滴接触角对此复合膜进行了表征, 证明了此复合膜的两面异性, 并对此复合膜进行了热性能和机械性能研究, 发现此薄膜保持了聚酰亚胺优异的性能.     

响应面法优化双羟丙基封端聚硅氧烷的微波合成工艺研究

采用微波辐射法合成双羟丙基封端聚硅氧烷,将响应面分析法应用于1,3-双(3-三甲硅氧基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷的合成工艺,通过Box-Behnken中心组合实验,考察原料摩尔配比、反应时间、微波辐射温度和催化剂加量四个因素对1,3-双(3-三甲硅氧基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷收率的影响,得到最佳微波合成工艺参数并建立多元回归数学模型。结果表明:微波合成最佳反应条件n(2-烯丙基三甲基硅氧烷)/n(1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷)=2.4∶1,反应时间103 min,微波温度95℃,催化剂加量19 mg/kg,得到产物收率可达94.46%。以优化条件下制备的1,3-双(3-三甲硅氧基丙基)四甲基二硅氧烷为原料,制备出了双羟丙基封端聚硅氧烷,目标产物转化率可达90.5%。采用IR、1HNMR、GC对产品结构进行了表征。     

聚正己基三苯乙炔基硅烷树脂的合成及其热稳定性能

以正己基三氯硅烷、镁条、溴乙烷和苯乙炔为原料,通过Grignard反应合成单体正己基三苯乙炔基硅烷（NTPES）,其结构经¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, ²⁹Si NMR和FT-IR表征,采用非等温差热扫描量热法（DSC）研究了其热固化行为。通过热聚合合成了聚正己基三苯乙炔基硅烷树脂（PNTPES）,运用热重分析（TG）技术研究了固化树脂的热稳定性。结果表明：树脂在氮气气氛中质量损失5%的温度高于445 ℃, 800 ℃残存率大于60%,具有较好的热稳定性。     

1-茚基二硅烷及二硅氧烷的合成及结构

通过茚基负离子分别与-氯五甲基二硅烷, 1,2-二氯四甲基二硅烷及1,3-二氯四甲基二硅氧烷作用, 制得三种1-茚基二硅烷及二硅氧烷类化合物。元素分析,UV, IR, 1H NMR及MS表征了它们的结构, 讨论了它们的谱学性质与分子结构间的关系, 晶体学数据a=0.7462(2), b=1.4439(3), c=0.9789(2)nm; β=108.12(2)°,V=1.0023nm3, Z=2, Dc=1.14g.cm^-3。偏差因子R为0.047。     

生物基水性聚氨酯的制备及性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)为硬段,丙烯酸松香GMA二元醇(RAG)和聚乙二醇(PEG-1000)为软段,通过预聚体法合成了松香基芳香族型水性聚氨酯(RWPU)。利用红外光谱、X射线衍射分析、热重分析、差示扫描量热分析、静态水接触角等分别表征了RWPU的组成、结构、热性能和耐水性,研究了不同R值(-NCO/-OH摩尔比)、n_(RAG)/n_(PEG-1000)和DMPA用量对RWPU乳液稳定性及涂膜性能的影响。结果表明,成功制备了软硬段具有较好相容性的水性聚氨酯;随着R值的增大,RWPU热分解温度下降,玻璃化转变温度升高;随着DMPA用量的增加,耐水性逐渐减弱;在R=1.5、n_(RAG )/n_(PEG-1000)=17∶3、DMPA的用量为反应单体的11wt.%条件下制备的RWPU树脂综合性能最佳,涂膜光泽度为146.1,铅笔硬度为H,柔韧性为1 mm,附着力为1级,耐冲击强度为50 cm·Kg。     

Effect of different surfactants on colloidal and polymer properties of fluorinated acrylate latex

Fluorinated acrylate latex was successfully prepared by semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerization of dodecafluoroheptyl methacrylate (DFMA) with butyl acrylate (BA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) initiated by potassium persulfate in the water. The resultant latexes and their films are characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, contact angle determinator, dynamic light scattering detector and surface tension determinator. Effect of different surfactants on colloidal and polymer properties of fluorinated acrylate latex was studied. Results show that the latex prepared with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant has the smallest particle size and contact angle but the moderate surface tension. The latex prepared with perfluorooctanesulfonic acid potassium surfactant has the smallest surface tension, moderate particle size but the biggest contact angle. The latex prepared with sodium 2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy) prop- ane-1-sulfonate surfactant has the biggest particle size and surface tension but moderate contact angle. In addition, the latex prepared with sodium 2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy) prop- ane-1-sulfonate has higher electrolyte stability.     

空心微珠的疏油改性对泡沫灭火剂发泡性能的影响

用1H,1H,2H,2H-(十三氟代辛烷基)三乙氧基硅烷(F8261)对空心微珠(HGM)进行表面改性处理,测定了不同条件下油滴在改性空心微珠(MHGM)表面的接触角及停留时间,考察了改性剂浓度、反应时间和反应温度等因素对改性效果的影响,对比了HGM和MHGM对蛋白泡沫液发泡倍数、25%析液时间等参数变化,研究了MHGM对泡沫灭火剂发泡性能和泡沫稳定性的影响.结果表明,在F8261浓度为1.0%,温度为60℃时,超声2.0h,油滴与MHGM的接触角可达132.5°,疏油性能明显增强,灭火剂的发泡性能和油面稳定性显著改善.     

Corrosion resistant performances of alkanoic and phosphonic acids derived self-assembled monolayers on magnesium alloy AZ31 by vapor-phase method

Alkanoic and phosphonic acid derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were formed on magnesium alloy by the vapor phase method. AFM and XPS studies showed that SAMs were formed on Mg alloy. The chemical and anticorrosive properties of the SAMs prepared on magnesium alloys were characterized using contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical measurements. Water contact angle measurements revealed that, although SA and ISA have the same headgroup to anchor to the magnesium alloy surface, the packing density on the magnesium alloy surface could be considerably different. The contact angle hysteresis of SAMs with a carboxylate headgroup is much larger than that of SAMs with a phosphonic acid group. The XPS O 1s peaks indicated more likely a mix of mono-, bi-, or tridentate binding of phosphonic acid SAM to the oxide or hydroxide surface of the Mg alloy. The electrochemical measurements showed that the phosphonic acid derived SAM had better corrosion resistance compared to alkanoic acid derived SAM. The chemical stability of SAMs modified magnesium alloy was investigated using water contact angle and XPS measurements. The water contact angle and XPS measurements revealed that the molecular density of OP and PFEP on magnesium alloy would be higher than those of SA and ISA on magnesium alloy.     

Stability of silanols and grafted alkylsilane monolayers on plasma-activated mica surfaces

We investigated the effect of physical and chemical modifications of mica surfaces induced by water vapor-based plasma treatments on the stability of silanols and grafted alkylsilane monolayers. The plasma-activated substrates were characterized using XPS, TOF-SIMS, and contact angle measurements. They revealed a large surface coverage of silanol groups (Si-OH) and a loss of aluminum atoms compared to freshly cleaved mica surfaces. The stability of plasma-induced silanol groups was investigated by contact angle measurements using ethylene glycol as a probe liquid. The Si-OH surface coverage decreased rapidly under vacuum or thermal treatment to give rise to hydrophobic dehydrated surfaces. The stability of end-grafted monofunctionalized n-alkylsilanes was investigated in different solvents and at different pH using water contact angle measurements. The degrafting of alkylsilanes from the activated mica was promoted in acidic aqueous solutions. This detachment was associated with the hydrolysis of covalent bonds between the alkylsilanes and the mica surface. The monolayer stability was enhanced by increasing the length of the alkyl chains that probably act as a hydrophobic protective layer against hydrolysis reactions. Stable alkylsilane monolayers in water with pH greater than 5.5 were obtained on mica surfaces activated at low plasma pressure. We attributed this stability to the loss of surface Al atoms induced by the plasma treatment.     

ATRP法合成弹性蛋白接枝共聚物及其性能研究

弹性蛋白经α-溴异丁酰溴化制备了大分子ATRP引发剂溴化弹性蛋白(E-Br), 再以E-Br作为引发剂, 在CuCl/2,2-联吡啶催化体系下, 用原子转移自由基聚合方法合成了弹性蛋白-g-聚甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯接枝聚合物. 用红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)、离子色谱和动态接触角对接枝聚合物进行了表征. 结果表明, PHEMA键接到了弹性蛋白表面; SEM显示接枝改性后弹性蛋白的表面比未改性前光滑, 但改性后样品的热性能均比未改性样品的低, 起始热分解温度由改性前的307 ℃变为265 ℃; 动态接触角实验结果表明, 接枝改性后的样品具有良好的亲水性, 反应72 h后, 其前进角由接枝前的130.45°下降到29.80°.     

Novel multifunctional water- and oil-repellent,antibacterial, and flame-retardant cellulose fibres created by the sol–gel process

This research aimed to prepare cotton fibres with novel multifunctional water- and oil-repellent, antibacterial, and flame-retardant properties. A three-component equimolar sol mixture, which included 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysilane, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, and P,P-diphenyl-N-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl) phosphinic amide, was applied to the cotton fabric using the sol–gel process. The presence of the coating on the cotton fibres was confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The functional properties of the coated cotton fabric were determined from liquid contact angle measurements and antibacterial activity, burning behaviour, and thermo-oxidative stability studies. The results demonstrate that a unique, compatible, and uniform organic-inorganic hybrid polymer network was formed on the fabric surface, which preserved its simultaneous hydrophobic (water contact angle of 135 ± 2°), oleophobic (n-hexadecane contact angle of 117 ± 1°), and bactericidal (bacterial reduction of 100 %) properties and incorporated the enhanced thermo-oxidative stability of the modified cellulose fibres.     

Synthesis and characterization of chitosan-based polyurethane elastomer dispersions

Abstract  

A number of aqueous polyurethane dispersions were synthesized by the reaction of poly(ε-caprolactone) and isophorone diisocyanate, extended with different mass ratios of chitosan and dimethylol propionic acid. Their chemical structures were characterized by using FTIR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal properties were determined by TGA. Incorporation of chitosan into the polyurethane backbone improved thermal stability. The hydrophilicity of the prepared polymers was also examined by contact angle measurements. For all samples, the contact angles increased by increasing the amount of chitosan. The increased contact angle is ascribed to the decrease of the hydrophilicity of the polyurethanes, which is reduced by the increasing amount of chitosan with respect to dimethylol propionic acid chain extender.     

Synthesis and surface activities of multi-ammonium cationics derived from n-octadecyl glycidyl

In this study, cationic surfactants having two, three or four hydroxyl groups were synthesized by the condensation reaction of n-octadecyl glycidyl ether and amine (methyl amine and dimethyl amine) followed by the quaternization with dimethyl sulfate. The structure of a resulting product was determined by ¹H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopies. Interfacial tensions measured as a function of time for n-decane drops brought into contact with 1 wt. % surfactant solutions at 25°C indicated that the interfacial tension decreased over a period of about 10–15 min to an equilibrium value. The results of contact angle measurements indicate that C18-BADM surfactant having four hydroxyl groups is the best wetting agent among others studied. Moreover, the excellent adsorption capacity of C18-BADM system suggests that it can be used as a softening agent during a laundry process. The results of foam stability measurement were consistent with those of CMC and contact angle. The percentage of foam volume decrease was found to increase with the hydrophilicity of a surfactant.     

Preparation of superhydrophobic paper mulch and study on its anti-UV performance

In order to improve the shortcomings of paper mulch, such as the low water resistance and weather fastness in practical application, the paper mulch with a superhydrophobic structure was prepared by depositing zinc oxide layer and silicon dioxide layer on the surface of paper mulch by the solution impregnation method, the paper mulch surface treatment method is simple and environmentally friendly. The surface chemical composition and surface morphology of paper mulch before and after UV aging were characterized, respectively. The wetting property, bouncing property, and mechanical stability of paper-based film were studied. The results showed that the static contact angle of the superhydrophobic paper mulch was as high as 161.77°, and the average sliding angle was only 3.5°, which also showed excellent droplet bounce performance and mechanical stability. After UV aging experiment, the static contact angle of super-hydrophobic paper mulch was increased to 163.64°, and the sliding angle was reduced to 2.5°. Its excellent performance could still be maintained, showing excellent UV resistance, which improved the weather fastness and water resistance of paper mulch to a certain extent, and laid a foundation for the next large-scale field test.     

Multiscale roughness and stability of superhydrophobic biomimetic interfaces

The stability of a composite interface of roughness-induced superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. To have high contact angle and low contact angle hysteresis, superhydrophobic surfaces should be able to form a composite interface with air pockets in the valleys between asperities (pillars). However, the composite interface may be unstable and can be irreversibly transformed into a homogeneous interface. We formulate a stability criterion and analyze the stability of the composite interface for several typical roughness profiles. To resist destabilizing mechanisms, multiscale (hierarchical) roughness is required. Such multiscale roughness is found in natural and artificial superhydrophobic surfaces.