苯胺四聚体-聚乙二醇-苯胺四聚体嵌段共聚物薄膜的自组装

以氨基封端的苯胺四聚体为基础,以甲苯2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)为中间体制备了苯胺四聚体-聚乙二醇-苯胺四聚体(ANI₄-PEG-ANI₄,PEG600,M_n＝600)嵌段共聚物,并溶于乙醇/N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)混合溶剂后,涂覆于导电玻璃(ITO)表面制备成薄膜,利用原子力显微镜(AFM)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)和循环伏安(CV)等研究了薄膜的自组装及电化学行为等,讨论了诱导溶剂对嵌段共聚物薄膜形态和性能的影响. 研究发现,通过改变混合溶剂比和诱导溶剂种类,ANI₄-PEG-ANI₄嵌段共聚物薄膜可以实现多种形态的转变.     

柚皮苷印迹β-环糊精聚合物的制备及性能研究

以柚皮苷(NG)为印迹分子, β-环糊精为功能体, 六亚甲基二异氰酸酯为交联剂, 采用乳液聚合法制备了对NG具有特定识别能力的吸附材料: 棒状印迹聚合物. 扫描电镜及比表面分析仪测试结果表明印迹聚合物具有较大的孔隙及比表面积|红外及核磁共振谱研究证实了识别位点来自β-环糊精与NG羟基间的氢键作用. 采用平衡吸附实验方法研究了聚合物的吸附性能和选择性能. 实验结果表明, 棒状印迹聚合物(RMIP)对NG具有较高的亲和性和选择性. Scatchard分析表明, MIP在识别NG过程中存在2类结合位点: K_D1＝0.016 mmol/L, B_max1＝15.31 μmol/g, K_D2＝0.24 mmol/L, B_max2＝98.41 μmol/g. 当NG浓度为 0.02 mg/mL时, MIP及相应NIP对 NG的分配系数 K_{D 分别为4.38和2.86, 印迹因子α为1.53.}     

聚苯乙烯-co-聚(2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯乙烯)共聚物: 合成及其多孔薄膜的制备

利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)方法, 分别在三氟甲苯、含氟离子液体以及三氟甲苯/含氟离子液体混合溶剂体系中合成了聚苯乙烯-co-聚(2,3,4,5,6-五氟苯乙烯)(PS-co-PPFS)共聚物, 通过¹H NMR、¹⁹F NMR、元素分析以及凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对所得聚合物的分子链结构和组成进行了分析和表征. 随后, 利用静态呼吸图法分别在CS₂, CHCl₃ 和CH₂Cl₂ 中制备了有序多孔薄膜, 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其表面形貌, 并与利用分子量大小相当的聚苯乙烯均聚物(PS)制备的多孔薄膜进行了对比. 研究结果表明: 在三氟甲苯和含氟离子液体溶剂体系中, 均可利用ATRP 聚合方法获得窄分子量分布的PS-co-PPFS 共聚物(M_n＝5200～7900 g·mol^-1, i>M_w/M_n＝1.12～1.22). 对聚合物薄膜的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和分析显示: 分别以CS₂, CHCl₃ 和CH₂Cl₂ 作为溶剂, 利用静态呼吸图法均可制备出PS-co-PPFS 共聚物多孔薄膜. 然而, 与在CHCl₃ 和CH₂Cl₂ 中制备的PS 均聚物多孔薄膜的表面形貌不同的是, PS-co-PPFS 共聚物多孔薄膜呈现出无序排列、平均孔径大小不同的两种孔结构; 在CHCl₃ 中制备所得薄膜的孔结构有序性相对较好, 两种孔的平均孔径分别为0.75 和0.37 μm.     

电解质在混合溶剂中的活度系数及溶剂化数的研究——KClO4-CH3OH-非电解质体系

本文测定了KClO₄在甲醇-苯,甲醇-甲苯,甲醇-四氯化碳及甲醇-环己烷四个混合溶剂中的溶解度。使用A.D'Aprano[4]和C.W.Davies[2],报告的KClO₄及KNO₃在甲醇中的缔合常数,计算得“自由离子”浓度。盐的介质效应活度系数f_MX以S_o/S_m或S_o±、D_m±的表示值趋近相等,与非电解质的摩尔分数X₍Ne的关系符合经验公式:1gf_MX=kX_Ne,这里S_o和S_m分别是盐在甲醇和混合溶剂中的溶解度;脚注(±)标识“自由离子”;k为常数。电解质的溶剂化数公式:n₊+n_-=-21gf_MX/1gφ_ρ,对KClO₄在这些混合溶剂中的情况并不适用,这里n₊+n_-是正、负离子溶剂化数之和;φ_p是甲醇在混合溶剂中的体积分数。这个结果表明ClO₄^-的溶剂化层不是完全由甲醇分子所形成,非电解质也影响着ClO₄^-在这些溶剂中的溶剂化层。KNO₃的实验数据,溶解度公式和溶剂化数公式是引自李芝芬、黄子卿、刘瑞麟以前的论文。     

不对称双酸催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder反应

研究了双酸催化剂不对称催化烯醚和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA)反应, 为手性合成3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃类化合物提供了一种新的催化合成方法. InBr₃与手性磷酸钙盐Ca(1c)₂组合的手性双路易斯酸催化体系能够有效催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子HDA反应, 反应给出优秀的产率(最高达98%), 中等到良好的非对映选择性(最高达89:11)和良好到优秀的对映选择性(最高可达94%). 并且该双酸催化体系也能成功实现其它烯醚(如: 2,3-二氢-2H-呋喃, 乙烯基乙醚)的HDA反应, 获得优秀的非对映选择性(>94:6)和良好的对映选择性.     

丝素蛋白膜在高电场下的介电性能

丝素蛋白的分子结构兼具软段和硬段,且其结构单元具有较大的偶极矩(3.5D),在介电储能领域可能具有应用潜力.本文表征了丝素蛋白薄膜的在高电场下的介电性能,并研究了丝素蛋白的分子结构与高电场下介电性能的关系.结果显示,丝素蛋白的二级结构变化与其高场介电行为关系密切,β-折叠结构增加有利于提高击穿强度,降低介电损耗.通过调整薄膜的制备工艺优化了丝素蛋白薄膜的高场介电性能,优化后的丝素蛋白膜在500 MV/m的电场下放电能量密度可达7.43 J/cm~3,充-放电效率为79.8%.本工作为开拓丝素蛋白在介电领域的应用提供了基础数据,并为进一步优化分子结构提供了参考.     

免疫亲和固相萃取-超高效合相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定牛奶中6种玉米赤霉醇类化合物残留

建立了免疫亲和固相萃取（IAC-SPE）-超高效合相色谱-串联质谱（UPC²-MS/MS）同时测定牛奶中α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮和玉米赤霉酮残留的分析方法。样品用去离子水稀释,经IAC-SPE富集净化后,采用Waters ACQUITY UPC² Torus 2-PIC色谱柱（50 mm×3.0 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以超临界CO₂和0.1%（v/v）甲酸甲醇溶液为流动相,经梯度洗脱后在ESI^-模式下检测。经过稀释离心的牛奶样品采用免疫亲和柱净化后没有明显的基质效应,6种目标化合物在1~200 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）≥0.9957;6种目标化合物在3个加标水平下的平均回收率为75.9%~106.5%,日内和日间精密度均≤11.4%。该法专属性好,操作简便,有机溶剂使用量小,与已有的样品测定方法比较更绿色环保,可用于牛奶中α-玉米赤霉醇、β-玉米赤霉醇、α-玉米赤霉烯醇、β-玉米赤霉烯醇、玉米赤霉酮和玉米赤霉烯酮的残留检测。     

齐墩果烷型和乌苏烷型五环三萜同分异构体配位色谱法分离机理（英文）

本文主要研究了配位色谱法分离齐墩果烷型和乌苏烷型五环三萜同分异构体的分离机理。基于计算模拟分析,β-环糊精（β-CD）和其衍生物为适宜的配位剂。采用HPLC法测定了包合物的表观形成常数,并制备了asiaticoside-B与β-CD包合物。实验结果显示:流动相中添加葡萄糖基-β-环糊精（Glu-β-CD）时,同分异构体的分离度为11.95,比添加β-CD或添加甲基-β-环糊精（DM-β-CD）时（分别为9.61和9.89）都略高些。假定五环三萜类化合物与β-CD形成1：1的包合物,对于asiaticoside-B,流动相中添加Glu-β-CD时,表观形成常数（K_F）为2534 L/mol,比添加β-CD或添加DM-β-CD时（分别为1467和1373 L/mol）都略大些。根据asiaticoside-B与β-CD包合物的红外光谱解析及计算模拟,推测asiaticoside-B的E环上甲基部分进入了β-CD的空腔内,而其羰基基团没有进入β-CD的空腔内,其糖苷部分与亲水性的β-CD空腔外部形成氢键作用力。因此,配位色谱法分离齐墩果烷型和乌苏烷型五环三萜同分异构体的分离机理可以推测如下：齐墩果烷型和乌苏烷型五环三萜同分异构体E环上甲基的不同空间位阻导致了同分异构体的不同色谱分离行为。     

固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定饲料中的3种雌激素

建立了固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定饲料(预混合、配合和浓缩饲料)中3种雌激素(17β-雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇和戊酸雌二醇)的检测方法。饲料样品经乙腈提取,Heaion C₁₈固相萃取柱净化后,用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7 μm)分离,乙腈和0.1%氨水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,内标法定量。结果表明,17β-雌二醇和戊酸雌二醇在10~200 μg/L、苯甲酸雌二醇在5~200 μg/L范围内具有良好线性,相关系数(r)≥0.996。17β-雌二醇、苯甲酸雌二醇和戊酸雌二醇的检出限分别为7、5和7 μg/kg。样品的平均加标回收率为96.5%~102.0%。该法前处理操作简便、分析速度快、检出限低、准确度高,可用于饲料中3种雌激素的同时检测。     

呼吸图法制备聚亚甲基-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯多孔薄膜

首先利用叶立德活性聚合和原子转移活性自由基聚合(ATRP)相结合制备了三个不同链段比的聚亚甲基-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PM-b-PMMA)两嵌段聚合物. 接着以它们为原料, 利用静态呼吸图方法在四种不同溶剂中制备了一系列的具有蜂窝状表面的多孔薄膜, 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了多孔薄膜的形貌. 研究了溶剂、溶液浓度、聚合物链段长度及链段比等因素对多孔薄膜表面孔的大小和分布的影响. 结果表明: 当PM_2k-b-PMMA_2k嵌段聚合物浓度为3 wt%、溶剂为二硫化碳(CS₂)和二氯甲烷(CH₂Cl₂)时, 可以通过静态呼吸图方法制备出孔径为纳米级(520 nm)和微米级(1.1 μm)的较为规整的多孔薄膜. 多孔薄膜表面的孔径随PM-b-PMMA浓度的减小而增大|两嵌段聚合物中两个链段的长度及其链段比的变化对多孔膜表面孔径均产生较大的影响.     

Polylactic acid/silk fibroin composite hollow fibers as excellent controlled drug release systems

Polylactic acid (PLA) and silk fibroin (SF) have been widely used in biomedical applications because of their excellent biocompatibility and degradability. In this study, PLA and SF were used as raw materials to prepare hollow fibers with a skin-core structure by wet spinning technology. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the structure of hollow fibers became increasingly uniform with increasing silk fibroin mass fraction. Tensile test results showed that with the increase of silk fibroin content, the elastic modulus of hollow fibers decreased and their tensile properties improved. The results of hollow fibers degradation experiments revealed that increasing the content of silk fibroin can effectively shorten the degradation time of hollow fibers. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to measure the absorbance of tetracycline hydrochloride in phosphate buffer saline and calculate its release rate in hollow fibers with different silk fibroin contents, the result is HFs-9 > HFs-7 > HFs-0 > HFs-5 > HFs-3. The PLA/SF controlled drug release system has precise controlled release of the drug, realizes the separation of the drug from the controlled release system, and solves the problem of sudden drug release. In addition, the controlled release system is non-toxic, degradable, and has excellent mechanical properties.     

Mechanism of Conformational Transition of Silk Fibroin in Alcohol-water Mixtures

Circular dichroism, intrinsic fluorescence of protein and exogenous fluorescence probe of 8‐anilino‐1‐naphtha‐ lenesulfonic acid hemimagnesium salt (ANS) was used to investigate the mechanism of conformational change of silk fibroin (SF) in aqueous alcohol including methanol and ethanol. The conformational transition of SF from random coil to β‐sheet was found to be of a close relationship with the microstructure of the solvent. The alcohol‐water mixture at low concentration had little effect on the solvation of the peptide unit, as the inherent water structure was conserved. At high alcohol concentration, the transition from the tetrahedral‐like water structure to the chain‐like alcohol structure in the mixtures induced a β‐sheet conformation of SF, as a result of the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bond between the peptide units in order to eliminate the thermodynamic unfavorite from the contact to the solvent molecules. Meanwhile, the aggregating of hydrophobic side chains was decreased by the alcohol via the destruction of hydrogen bond network of water by alcohol and the binding of alcohol to hydrophobic group.     

Physical characteristics and properties of waterborne polyurethane materials reinforced with silk fibroin powder

Degummed silk filament was pulverized with a home‐made machine to obtain silk fibroin (SF) powder, and the structure, morphology, and particle size of the SF powder were investigated. The individual spherical particles and aggregates with different morphology of silk fibroin coexisted in water. A waterborne polyurethane (WPU) aqueous dispersion was blended with the SF powder to prepare novel blended materials with improved physical properties. The average particle size and zeta potential of the WPU/SF aqueous dispersions were characterized. The result showed that the WPU/SF dispersion with higher SF content exhibited a less negative zeta potential and a larger average particle size. Furthermore, the effect of SF content on the morphology, miscibility, and mechanical properties of the resulting blended films was studied by scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and tensile testing. The films showed an improved Young's modulus and tensile strength from 0.3 to 33.8 MPa, and 0.6 to 5.2 MPa, respectively, with the increasing of SF up to a content of 26 wt %. The negative charges in the periphery and the small particle size made a good effort on dispersing SF powder into the WPU matrix as small aggregates, and the SF powder led to the efficient strengthening of WPU materials. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 940–950, 2010     

Silk Fibroin‐Based Fibrous Anal Fistula Plug with Drug Delivery Function

The aim of this work is to develop a drug‐loaded silk fibroin fibrous membrane (DSFM) that can be attached to the surface of an anal fistula plug to improve the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD). Curcumin (CUR) and 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA)‐loaded silk fibroin (SF) membranes are coaxially electrospun onto the surface of a braided silk filament plug. The membranes show a predominant structure of random coil and silk I conformation. The concentration of CUR/5‐ASA (weight ratio of 1/1) in the SF solution is optimized to 0.4, 0.9, and 1.9 wt%. The morphologies, secondary structures, and in vitro drug release properties of the membranes are examined. Sectional images of fibers in the membranes show core–shell structures. The coaxial electrospinning process does not alter the chemical characteristics of the drugs. The dual‐drugs encapsulated in the membranes are released in a steady and sustainable manner, and the cumulative release rate is improved by the increased drug loading. The membranes exhibit no cytotoxicity, thereafter increase the viability of human fibroblasts on the DSFMs. These SF membranes with core–shell structure and functional encapsulation of CUR and 5‐ASA should be useful for further studies toward the treatment of CD.     

Mineralization of HA crystals regulated by terephthaloyl chloride-modified silk fibroin films

Terephthaloyl chloride(DB)-modified silk fibroin(SF) films were immersed into 1.5 times simulated body fluid(1.5 SBF) to regulate the mineralization of hydroxyapatite(HA) crystals at about 36.5℃for 24 h.UV was used to prove that the new bonds form between the DB and SF.The structure and morphology of the SF/HA were investigated by FTIR,ICP,XRD and SEM.The results showed that the apatite deposited on the matrix of SF mainly was HA.HA was self-assembled on the matrix of SF and formed three-dimensional framework when the weight ratio of DB/SF was 0.30.The content of DB affected the structure and morphology of the apatite composites deposited on the SF films.     

Conformation transition of silk fibroin induced by blending chitosan

The conformation of silk fibroin in silk fibroin/chitosan (SF/CS) blend membrane was analyzed by infrared spectrum, X-ray diffractometry, and Raman spectrum. The results demonstrated that the SF could show β-sheet conformation when the SF content in blend membranes was 10% (w/w) and 60–80% (w/w), while the pure SF membrane showed random coil conformation. A mechanism of the conformation transition was suggested in that the SF chain could use the rigid CS chain as a mold plate to stretch itself to form a β-sheet structure according to the strong hydrogen bond between CS and SF. Therefore, a new concept, named “Polymer-Induced Conformation Transition,” was proposed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35 : 2293–2296, 1997     

Porous composite scaffolds of hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin via two‐step method

A two‐step method was used to fabricate the hydroxyapatite (HAP)/silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds, i.e. the nano‐sized HAP/SF composite powders were prepared by co‐precipitation, which were then blended with SF solution to fabricate the HAP/SF composite scaffolds. The obtained scaffolds showed a 3D porous structure. The porosity was higher than 90% with the average macropore size of 214.2 µm. Moreover, the nano‐sized HAP/SF composite powders were uniformly dispersed in the silk fibroin matrix, which provided the scaffolds enhanced compressive properties. The cell culture assay showed that the scaffolds fabricated by the two‐step method could improve the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation when compared with those prepared by the conventional one‐step blending method. The results suggested that the two‐step method could promote the uniform dispersion of HAP in the SF matrix and efficient combination between the HAP and the matrix, which may provide a potential application in the composite scaffold preparation for tissue engineering. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of beta-sheet crystals on the thermal and rheological behavior of protein-based hydrogels derived from gelatin and silk fibroin

Novel protein-based hydrogels have been prepared by blending gelatin (G) with amorphous Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) and subsequently promoting the formation of beta-sheet crystals in SF upon exposure to methanol or methanol/water solutions. Differential scanning calorimetry of the resultant hydrogels confirms the presence and thermoreversibility of the G helix-coil transition between ambient and body temperature at high G concentrations. At low G concentrations, this transition is shifted to higher temperatures and becomes progressively less pronounced. Complementary dynamic rheological measurements reveal solid-liquid cross-over at the G helix-coil transition temperature typically between 30 and 36 degrees C in blends prior to the formation of beta-sheet crystals. Introducing the beta-sheet conformation in SF stabilizes the hydrogel network and extends the solid-like behavior of the hydrogels to elevated temperatures beyond body temperature with as little as 10 wt.-% SF. The temperature-dependent elastic modulus across the G helix-coil transition is reversible, indicating that the conformational change in G can be used in stabilized G/SF hydrogels to induce thermally triggered encapsulant release.     

Structure and microporous formation of cellulose/silk fibroin blend membranes: Part II. Effect of post-treatment by alkali

Blend membranes (RCF1) were prepared from mixture solution of cellulose and silk fibroin (SF) in cuoxam by coagulating with acetone–acetic acid (4:1 by volume). The blend membranes were subjected to post-treatment with 10% NaOH aqueous solution, and their structure and properties were characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, DSC, SEM and DMTA. In previous work, cellulose/SF blend membranes (RCF2) prepared by coagulating with 10% NaOH aqueous solution formed a microporous structure, in which the SF as a pore former was almost completely removed from the membrane. However, when the blend membranes RCF1 were immersed in 10% NaOH aqueous solution for post-treatment, a strong hydrogen bonding between cellulose and SF inhibited the removal of SF. Although alkali is a good solvent for SF, the blend membranes RCF1 such obtained from cellulose and SF were alkali resistant. The crystallinity and the mean pore size of the blend membranes slightly decreased with increasing post-treatment time. This work provided a cellulose/silk blend membrane, which can be used under alkaline medium.     

超临界二氧化碳萃取秋水仙碱（英文）

 利用超临界二氧化碳对秋水仙块根（经粉碎）中的秋水仙碱进行了萃取,采用高效液相色谱法对萃取出的秋水仙碱的质量分数进行了测定。实验选择40℃20～40MPa作为超临界苹取的操作条件,采用体积分数为95％的乙醇在索氏提取器中对样品进行了对比苹取实验。结果表明:不加浸泡剂进行浸泡处理的样品中的秋水仙碱很难被超临界二氧化碳萃取,在40℃,35MPa条件下,消耗1．28mol的二氧化碳只得到3％的萃取率。加入极少量的有机溶剂浸泡处理样品15min后再进行超临界萃取,可以极大程度地提高秋水仙碱的萃取率。