短脉冲高剂量率γ射线源技术研究

 介绍了“强光一号”加速器产生宽度约20 ns的高剂量率脉冲γ射线的工作过程;分析了短脉冲γ射线源二极管的管绝缘体和真空磁绝缘传输线的结构与绝缘性能;说明了等离子体断路开关的工作特性;阐述了二极管工作阻抗和阴阳极的设计原则与设计参数。给出了不同短脉冲γ射线源的实验结果,得到了3种辐射参数：脉冲宽度约20 ns,辐射面积为2,30和100 cm²时,相应的辐射剂量率为10¹¹,0.7×10¹¹和10¹⁰ Gy/s。     

强脉冲γ射线能谱测量仪研制

研制出了一种用于强脉冲γ射线能谱测量的能谱仪,在感应电压叠加器实验平台上,测量了阳极杆箍缩二极管产生的强脉冲γ射线能谱。选择适合强脉冲γ射线测量的Si-PIN探测器阵列和铅过滤片作为测量系统,通过在能谱仪的前部放置不同厚度的铅衰减片,测量了感应电压叠加器的强脉冲γ射线的强度。理论计算了不同能量的光子经过不同厚度的铅衰减片以后在探测器阵列上的能量沉积,得到了探测器的灵敏度曲线。利用探测器上的理论计算的电荷量和实验波形的对应关系,求解了该加速器的能谱。光子的最高能量约为1.44 MeV,平均能量为0.68 MeV,其中能量在0.4~0.8 MeV范围内的光子数最多,占74.3%。     

强脉冲γ射线能谱测量仪研制北大核心

研制出了一种用于强脉冲γ射线能谱测量的能谱仪,在感应电压叠加器实验平台上,测量了阳极杆箍缩二极管产生的强脉冲γ射线能谱。选择适合强脉冲γ射线测量的Si-PIN探测器阵列和铅过滤片作为测量系统,通过在能谱仪的前部放置不同厚度的铅衰减片,测量了感应电压叠加器的强脉冲γ射线的强度。理论计算了不同能量的光子经过不同厚度的铅衰减片以后在探测器阵列上的能量沉积,得到了探测器的灵敏度曲线。利用探测器上的理论计算的电荷量和实验波形的对应关系,求解了该加速器的能谱。光子的最高能量约为1.44 MeV,平均能量为0.68 MeV,其中能量在0.4-0.8 MeV范围内的光子数最多,占74.3%。     

MC模拟无卷积全谱转换法测量X，γ辐射剂量

为了更好地进行环境X/γ辐射剂量的测量,通过对电制冷高纯锗探测器蒙特卡罗建模获取0.01～1.5 MeV能量范围内的能谱和剂量（率）值,并利用无卷积全谱转换法进行能谱-剂量转换研究。研究发现,通过无卷积全谱转换法计算得到的剂量率与模拟剂量率符合较好;通过在中国计量研究院环境γ辐射空气吸收剂量标准辐射场中进行Co-60和Cs-137放射源剂量率实验验证,结果显示,在0.01～1.5 MeV的能量范围内,通过能谱-剂量转换得到剂量率与标准剂量率的误差小于±10%,这表明通过无卷积全谱转换法进行能谱-剂量（率）转换系数的求解是可行的。     

高能脉冲X射线能谱测量

给出了高能脉冲X射线能谱测量的基本原理及实验结果.采用Monte-Carlo程序计算了高能光子在能谱仪中每个灵敏单元内的能量沉积,利用能谱仪测量了"强光Ⅰ号"加速器产生的高能脉冲X射线不同衰减程度下的强度,求解得到了具有时间分辨的高能脉冲X射线能谱,时间跨度57ns,时间步长5ns,光子的最高能量3.0MeV,平均能量1.04MeV,能量在0.2—0.9MeV之间的光子数目最多,占46.5%.也利用二极管的电压电流波形理论计算了光子的能谱,并与利用能谱仪测得的能谱进行了比较,两种方法所得结果基本一致.     

γ辐射对光纤波导电磁场分布的影响

开展了光纤波导中的电磁场传输理论分析,得到了光纤折射率变化对波导中电磁场分布的影响规律,建立了块状融石英材料及光纤光栅在60Co 辐射作用下折射率变化的测量系统,开展了折射率随辐射剂量变化及光纤模场测量实验。结果表明:光纤的折射率随辐射剂量的增加而增大,折射率的变化会引起波导中传输模式的场强分布变化,从而导致光纤的辐射感生波导损耗;在一定的辐射剂量范围（0～2000 Gy）内,光纤仍满足弱导边界条件,能够维持对传输模式的约束能力。     

辐射致折射率变化用于MeV级脉冲辐射探测的初步研究

MeV级脉冲辐射的高时间分辨测量是惯性约束核聚变诊断领域迫切需要解决的难题,国际上尚无成熟的解决方案.利用脉冲辐射对半导体折射率的超快调制效应,有望建立新的解决方案.为研究体材料半导体折射率对MeV级脉冲辐射的响应规律,分析了系统输出与入射辐射强度的对应关系,分析了基于半导体折射率变化测量MeV级脉冲辐射系统的时间分辨的影响因素.基于自由载流子折射率调制原理,建立了半导体材料在MeV级脉冲辐射作用下折射率调制测量系统,整个系统的时间分辨1 ns.在最大能量为0.2 MeV的电子束和X射线束轰击下,本征GaAs折射率恢复时间约30 ns,比可见光激发下要长,分析其原因是高能激发下GaAs内部陷阱参与了载流子复合过程.X射线光子束轰击下,折射率建立时间比电子束轰击下长,光子沉积能量产生过剩载流子的时间过程可达到ns量级.基于建立的系统和分析方法,可对其他半导体在伽马脉冲辐射或电子束辐射作用下折射率变化开展系统的研究,为建立实际的可用于MeV级脉冲辐射测量的快响应探测系统奠定了基础.     

强脉冲超硬Ｘ射线产生技术研究

 分析了利用强流脉冲电子束轫致辐射产生强脉冲超硬X射线的几种主要技术途径的特点，以及提高超硬X射线产额的方法；利用MCNP软件计算了电子能量在0.4～1.4 MeV范围内，超硬X射线产生效率与钽辐射转换靶厚度的关系曲线；介绍了在“强光一号”加速器上开展产生强脉冲超硬X射线实验方法与实验结果，获得了3种强脉冲超硬X射线：脉冲宽度约35 ns，输出窗面积约50 cm²，能量密度为5～7 J/cm²；脉冲宽度约35 ns，输出窗面积约50 cm²，能量密度为12 J/cm²；脉冲宽度约35 ns，输出窗面积约500 cm²，能量密度为1 J/cm²。     

全固态光子带隙光纤中实现光谱可控的大功率超连续谱输出

目前产生超连续谱大多采用全内反射光子晶体光纤,光谱宽度达两个倍频程,但无法对其位置和宽度进行主动控制。全固态光子带隙光纤的带隙效应具有光谱滤波功能,通过设计全固态光子带隙光纤的带隙和带隙内色散特性,可产生特定范围内的超连续谱输出,同时色散特性受纤芯直径影响很小,有利于光谱可控的大功率超连续谱产生。根据1.064μm的抽运脉冲激光的需要,设计了全固态光子带隙光纤,并计算了第一带隙内的色散、损耗及非线性系数等参数。通过与波长有关的损耗将带隙效应引入到广义非线性薛定谔方程中,模拟了飞秒脉冲在全固态光子带隙光纤中传输的时域和频谱演化,得到带隙内超连续谱输出。比较了在有无带隙的情况下,飞秒脉冲的时域和频谱在带隙光纤中随传输距离的演化,分析了带隙效应对超连续谱产生的影响。     

射频光纤链路γ射线辐致损伤特性实验研究

由于空间环境中宇宙辐射无处不在,工作在空间环境的光纤系统必须考虑辐致损伤特性。建立了10GHz的射频光纤链路传输系统,分别采用单模光纤和保偏光纤作为传输媒质。利用60 Co`γ射线源,在剂量率1rad/s总剂量50krad下,对射频光纤链路进行辐照实验,对两种系统做对比分析。实验结果表明,单模光纤链路的辐致损耗绝对值较大,保偏光纤链路的辐致损耗绝对值较小;单模光纤的幂律模型指数较保偏光纤大,即同样的辐照剂量,单模光纤受影响程度大。在辐照起主要影响因素的阶段,单模光纤延时差受辐照影响程度较保偏光纤稍小。辐致损耗和辐致延时差对光纤长度都有线性累加作用。从整体水平看,50krad的辐射总剂量对两种光纤造成的损伤并不大,传输的信号仍在可用的范围之内。     

High slope efficiency and low threshold in a laser-diode-pumped passively Q-switched ion-implanted Nd:YVO<Subscript>4</Subscript> planar waveguide laser with GaAs saturable absorber

A passively Q-switched waveguide laser, to our knowledge, has been firstly demonstrated in Nd: YVO₄ crystal formed by 3 MeV Si⁺ ion implantation at a dose of 1 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm² at room temperature, in which GaAs was used as saturable absorber. The dependences of the average output power, pulse width, pulse repetition rate on absorbed pump power have been measured at different output plane mirror transmissions. At an absorbed pump power of 78.8 mW and output transmission of 20%, the shortest pulse width of 3.88 ns was obtained, corresponding to the peak power and single pulse energy of 212 W and 0.82 μJ, respectively. The threshold pump power was as low as 40 mW, and the slope efficiency was about 64.5% when the absorbed pump power was lower than 70 mW.     

Time distribution of γ-rays from spontaneous fission of 252Cf at short times

The gross time distribution of γ-rays from spontaneous fission of ²⁵²Cf has been measured in the time range 10^?14?10^?10 s after fission for γ-ray energies greater than 0.15 MeV. The measurements have been made by a new method based upon the solid angle aberration. From the measured correlation between half-lives and γ-ray transition energies it is concluded that the transitions are predominantly E2, single-particle transitions at high energies, and mostly vibrational and rotational transitions at lower energies. Some contribution of E1 transitions and M1-E2 mixtures cannot be excluded, however. It was found that about 30% ofthe γ-rays emitted within 12 ns with energies greater than 0.10 MeV, have half-lives shorter than 1 ps and about 52 % half-lives between 1 and 100 ps. The relative yield of γ -rays and γ-ray energy in the time range 10^?14 to 1.2 × 10^?7 s ater fission is given.     

Prompt γ-rays emitted in the thermal-neutron induced fission of 233U and 239Pu

The average number and average energy of γ-rays emitted within ≈ 5 nsec after fission have been determined as functions of fragment mass and as functions of total kinetic energy. They were obtained from a four-parameter experiment that recorded, event-by-event, correlated of γ-rays and of fission-fragment pairs and the time, relative to fission, at which a γ-ray was detected. For ²³³U(n_th, f) the average total number and energy emitted per fission were found to be 6.31 ± 0.3 and 6.69 ± 0.3 MeV, respectively, giving an average photon energy of 1.06 ± 0.07 MeV. The results for ²³⁹Pu(n_th, f) given in the same order, are 6.88 ± 0.35,6.73 ± 0.35 MeV, and 0.98 ± 0.07 MeV.     

Radiation-induced nonlinear optical response of quartz fibers

The intensity of radiation-induced luminescence and transient optical losses in KU-1 (Russia) and K-3 (Japan) quartz glass optical tibers irradiated in a fast pulsed fission reactor (a pulse duration of 80 μs and a neutron flux up to 7 × 10¹⁶ cm^–2 s^–2) has been measured in the visible range. The intensity of the fast luminescence component nonlinearly depends on the neutron flux. The luminescence intensity and the transient optical losses depend on the probe light intensity. Suppression of radiation-induced luminescence is observed at wavelengths that are longer or shorter than the probe light wavelength. Light probing leads to an increase in transient optical losses and a more rapid recovery of transparency. A model of two photon fluxes is proposed to analyze the relationship of the effects of suppression of radiation-induced luminescence and the increase in optical losses upon light probing. The effect of suppression of radiation-induced luminescence can be used to control the optical properties of fibers in radiation fields.     

24Mg核11.528MeV能级的验证

本文介绍用γ共振吸收法检验²⁴Mg核11.528MeV能级的实验结果。实验中在此能级的附近能区意外地发现多个精细能级,数据分析给出这些能级的能量E_r和宽度Г_a等数据,同时还获得了与以往数据不同的发射能级宽度Г_e。 关键词：     

Crystal growth and luminescence properties of Pr-doped LuLiF4 single crystal

0.1, 1, and 3% Pr (with respect to Lu) doped LuLiF₄ (Pr:LuLiF₄) single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. Transparency of the grown crystals was higher than 70% in the visible wavelength region with some absorption bands due to Pr³⁺ 4f-4f transitions. Intense absorption bands related with the Pr³⁺ 4f-5d transitions were observed at 190 and 215 nm. In radioluminescence spectra, Pr³⁺ 5d-4f emissions were observed at 220, 240, 340, and 405 nm. In the pulse height spectra recorded under ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray excitation, the Pr 3% doped sample showed the highest light yield of 2050 photons/MeV and the scintillation decay time of it exhibited 23 and 72 ns also excited by ¹³⁷Cs γ-ray.     

The 56Fe(α, γ)60Ni reaction cross section

The yield of 1.332 MeV γ-rays from the reaction ⁵⁶Fe(α, γ)⁶⁰Ni has been measured as a function of α-particle bombarding energy in the range 4.2–7.1 MeV. This energy region includes the (α, n) threshold at E_α = 5.46 MeV. The energy dependence of this γ-ray cross section, as well as the (α, nγ) cross section, is compared with statistical model calculations. Good agreement is achieved between these data and calculations using global optical model parameters to determine the transmission functions. In particular, the pronounced threshold effect in the (α, γ) yield, at the opening of the (α, n) channel, is well represented.     

Fabrication and Gamma-Ray Irradiation Effect on Optical and Mechanical Properties of Germano-Silicate Glass Fibers with Inner Cladding of B and F Doped Silica Glasses

ABSTRACT

The effect of glass composition, pure silica glass, boron-doped and fluorine-doped silica glasses of inner cladding, in the germano-silicate glass core fibers on optical and mechanical properties upon the γ-ray irradiation was investigated. Enhanced radiation hardening at 1,550 nm was found in both the B- and F-doped fibers after the γ-ray irradiation with dose-rate of 1.25 kGy/h. The radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) was found to increase in the order of the B-doped fiber, the F-doped fiber, and the silica fiber. While no major influence on the refractive index of the fibers after the γ-ray irradiation was found, the residual stress was slightly changed.     

Nuclear electromagnetic bremsstrahlung: A new tool for studying heavy-ion reactions

The classical theory of bremsstrahlung is applied to heavy-ion reactions. The two interacting nuclei are treated as collections of individual nucleons. It is shown that the electromagnetic radiation produced during the interaction may be separated into two components. A coherent component is related to the ordered motion of the nucleons in the entrance channel. The amount of collectivity is directly and simply related to the wavelength of the radiation, longest wavelengths corresponding to larger collectivity. The coherent component yields results on the timescale of the initial part of the reaction. An incoherent component reflects the disordered part of the motion of the nucleons. This component gives information on the total number of nucleon-nucleon collisions which take place during the reaction. A comparison is made with existing experimental data and points for a characteristic stopping time of 3 × 10^?23 s for a ¹²C projectile impinging upon a ¹⁹⁷Au target at 84 MeV/nucleon. The low-energy part of the experimental γ-spectrum is attributed to the heated compound system with a temperature of 6 MeV. The average number of collisions per nucleon would then be of order 30. We show that bremsstrahlung γ-emission may be expected even in low-energy heavy-ion collisions at the μb/MeV · sr level for γ-ray energies larger than 20 to 30 MeV.