氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定镍基高温合金中痕量硒和碲

研究了用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定镍基高温合金中痕量硒和碲。试验了氢化物发生的最佳条件、酸度和还原剂加入量以及在断续流动条件下镍、钴的干扰 ,并采用柠檬酸对其干扰进行抑制。提出了一个直接快速和准确测定镍基高温合金中硒和碲的分析方法 ,硒和碲的测量下限可达 5× 1 0 -5%。     

氢化物发生电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定水和生物样品中…

研究了一种小型同心氢化物发生配置一个气液分离器后与多道ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ联用，同时测定水和生物样品中砷、铋、锑、硒的方法。检出限为砷０．４μｇ／Ｌ，铋０．５μｇ／Ｌ，锑１．４μｇ／Ｌ，硒０．５μｇ／Ｌ，相对标准偏差为砷２．７％，铋１．５％，锑２．７％，硒１．９％。用本法测定美国和国家标准物质中的氢化元素，结果满意。     

氢化物-原子吸收和原子荧光法中的干扰及其消除

氢化物-原子吸收和原子荧光法对于测定砷、锑、铋、锡、硒、碲、锗等元素具有很高的灵敏度,由于这些元素在冶金、环保、生物、医药及地球化学找矿等各领域中的重要性,近年来氢化物-原子吸收法得到了广泛的应用。但是此法存在的干扰较多,早期的工作只提出哪些元素产生干扰及干扰的程度。此后文献上陆续报导了一些消除干扰的方法,如Belcher等建议用EDTA消除铜、钴、镍对砷及锑的干扰。Kirkbright采用加入碲的方法来减弱铜对硒的干扰。Welz加入铜克服硒对砷的干扰。但是,由     

氢化物发生石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定高温镍基合金中的硒

在６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸介质和０．１％ＫＢＨ４条件下，不但能有效地发生硒的氢化物，而且５ｍｇ／ｍｌＮｉ和３ｍｇ／ｍｌＦｅ都不干扰硒的测定。利用涂钯石墨；管作为氢化物的原子化器，直接测定了高温镍基合金中的硒，特征质量为４０ｐｇ，相对标准偏差在６．１％以内，回收率在９７％－１１０％之间。     

石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定高纯铜中痕量杂质砷硒锡

Bedard曾用氢化物火焰原子吸收法测定电解铜中砷、硒、碲、锡;Mullen用石墨炉原子吸收法测定高纯铜中硒、碲、铋、锑及砷,结果基体铜对测定均有干扰,因此,分别用氢氧化镧、氢氧化铁共沉淀欲测元素,与铜分离后再进行测定。Haynes测定高纯铜中砷、锑、硒、碲;Barnett测定铁合     

尿中痕量碲测定的萃取-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法

建立了萃取－断续流动氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定尿中碲的分析方法。研究了仪器工作条件和试剂对碲原子荧光强度的影响、最佳条件的选择、碲在二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐（ＤＤＴＣ）－ＣＣＬ４体系中的萃取行为及碲（Ⅳ）的还原;探讨了共存离子对碲测定的干扰及消除方法。方法检出限（３σ）Ｏ ０．２１ＵＧ／Ｌ,相对标准偏差为１．２４％,回收率为９２％～９９％。     

氢化物—无色散原子荧光法测定螺旋藻胶囊中的微量硒

研究了氢化物原子荧光法测定螺旋藻胶囊中的微量硒，系统地考察了消解体系；确定了最佳测定条件，共存元素的影响及干扰的消除，硒的检出限为１．３×１０＾－３ｍｇ／Ｌ，线性范围为０－０．２５ｍｇ／Ｌ，回收率在９７．５％－１０２．３％之间，ＲＳＤ小于５％。     

用于ICP-AES分析的简易连续进样氢化物发生装置

在酸性溶液中,砷、铋、铅、锗、锑、硒、锡和碲能被还原剂硼氢化钠所还原,生成常温下为气态的氢化物。近年来氢化反应技术在原子吸收、原子荧光和ICP-AES分析中已有许多研究。本文研制了一种用于ICP-AES分析的简易连续进样氢化物发生装置。它是类似于ICP气动喷雾器的喷吸器和气液分离室两部分组成。经过性能测定,该发生器具有结构简单、操作方便、检测能力强和费用低的特点。     

氢化物原子荧光光谱中高浓度镍对硒测定的影响及其消除

研究了高浓度镍对硒测定的影响，探讨了干扰的原因。找出了一系列抗干扰的试剂，这些试剂包括磷酸、柠檬酸、甲酸、酒石酸、草酸等。镍的允许量可高达５００００ｍｇ／Ｌ。文中对有关的机理作了初步的探讨。在此基础上制定了用氢化物－原子荧光光谱法直接测定金属镍中硒的方法。测定了电解镍、氧化镍中的硒，结果满意。方法的检测限为：Ｓｅ＝５．０ｎｇ／ｇ（１ｇ试样３σ，ｎ＝１１）。本文的研究成果也可适用于其它氢化物－原子光     

发生氢化物-火焰原子吸收用的一种新的小型氢化物发生器 Ⅱ、井水中含砷量和H_(62)黄铜中锑、铋的测定

对新的小型氢化物发生器的结构和性能的初步研究表明,该发生器用于发生氢化物火焰原子吸收法测定砷、硒、碲、锑、铋、锡等元素具有灵敏度高、结构简单、操作简便、不需要特殊设备及专门技术等特点。用该方法测定井水中含砷量和H_(62)黄铜中的锑和铋,比常规火焰原子吸收法操作简单、灵敏度高、结果准确。     

氢化物发生石墨炉原位富集直接测定高温镍基合金中碲

通过选择碲的氢化物发生条件，克服了高含量镍对碲的干扰，把氢化物富集在涂钯石墨管里，然后再原子化，成功地测定了高温镍基合金中碲。     

Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometric determination of As, Bi, Sb, Se(IV) and Te(IV) in aqua regia extracts from atmospheric particulate matter using multivariate optimization

A highly sensitive and simple method, based on hydride generation and atomic fluorescence detection, has been developed for the determination of As, Bi, Sb, Se(IV) and Te(IV) in aqua regia extracts from atmospheric particulate matter samples. Atmospheric particulates matter was collected on glass fiber filters using a medium volume sampler (PM1 particulate matter). Two-level factorial designs have been used to optimise the hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) procedure. The effects of several parameters affecting the hydride generation efficiency (hydrochloric acid, sodium tetrahydroborate and potassium iodide concentrations and flow rates) have been evaluated using a Plackett-Burman experimental design. In addition, parameters affecting the hydride measurement (delay, analysis and memory times) have been also investigated. The significant parameters obtained (sodium tetrahydroborate concentration, sodium tetrahydroborate flow rate and analysis time for As; hydrochloric acid concentration and sodium tetrahydroborate flow rate for Se(IV); and sodium tetrahydroborate concentration and sodium tetrahydroborate flow rate for Te(IV)) have been optimized by using 2ⁿ + star central composite design. Hydrochloric acid concentration and sodium tetrahydroborate flow rate were the significant parameters obtained for Sb and Bi determination, respectively. Using a univariate approach these parameters were optimized. The accuracy of methods have been verified by using several certified reference materials: SRM 1648 (urban particulate matter) and SRM 1649a (urban dust). Detection limits in the range of 6 × 10⁻³ to 0.2 ng m⁻³ have been achieved. The developed methods were applied to several atmospheric particulate matter samples corresponding to A Coruña city (NW Spain).     

Chloroform extraction of ethyl xanthate complexes from sulphuric acid media

The chloroform extraction of 30 elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Ge, Sn, V, As, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Re, Ga, In, Tl, Se, Te, Cr, Mo, U, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru and Ce) from 0.1-8M sulphuric acid in the presence of potassium ethyl xanthate has been studied. Pd(II), Bi, As(III), Sb(III), Se(IV) and Te(IV) are completely extracted and Au(III) is largely extracted over the range of acid concentration investigated. Fe(II), Tl(I), Rh(III) and Cr(VI) are only slightly extracted and Se(VI), Te(VI), Ru(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Zn, Ce(IV), Ir(IV) and Ge(IV) are not extracted at all. Depending on the acid concentration, the remaining elements are all partly extracted. Results are compared with those obtained in an earlier study of the extraction of xanthate complexes from hydrochloric acid media. The processes involved in the formation of some xanthate complexes and potential analytical separations are discussed.     

Direct As,Bi, Ge,Hg and Se(IV) cold vapor/hydride generation from coal fly ash slurry samples and determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Direct cold vapor and hydride generation procedures for As, Bi, Ge, Hg and Se(IV) from aqueous slurry of coal fly ash samples have been developed by using a batch mode generation system. Ir-treated graphite tubes have been used as a preconcentration and atomization medium of the vapors generated. A Plackett–Burman experimental design has been used as a strategy for evaluation of the effects of several parameters affecting the vapor generation efficiency from solid particles, vapor trapping and atomization efficiency from Ir-treated graphite tubes. The effects of parameters such as hydrochloric acid and sodium tetrahydroborate, argon flow rate, trapping and atomization temperatures, trapping time, acid solution volume and mean particle size have been investigated. The significant parameters obtained (trapping and atomization temperatures for As and Ge; trapping temperature and trapping time for Bi; argon flow rate and atomization temperature for Se) have been optimized by 2²+star central composite design. For Hg, the trapping temperature has been also significant. Optimum values of the parameters have been selected for the development of direct cold vapor/hydride generation methods from slurry particles. The accuracy of methods have been verified by using NIST-1633a coal fly ash certified reference material. Absolute detection limits of 11.5, 48.0, 600, 55.0 and 11.0 ng l⁻¹ for As, Bi, Ge, Hg and Se have been achieved, respectively. A particle size less than 50 μm has shown to be adequate to obtain total cold vapor/hydride generation of metals content in the aqueous slurry particles.     

氢化物发生-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定茶叶和木耳中硒及汞量

经洗净烘干并磨碎的试样在硝酸中浸泡过夜后在硝酸-高氯酸中消解,蒸发至冒白烟并继续蒸至近干,加入一定量的盐酸微沸1～2min,使硒(Ⅵ)还原为硒(Ⅳ),溶液用盐酸(5+95)定容至50mL。此溶液由载流盐酸(5+95)溶液送入氢化物发生器,与还原剂10g.L-1 KBH4溶液混合并反应生成硒的氢化物,样品中汞则生成原子态汞蒸气。两者由载气引入原子化器,在选定的仪器工作条件下,测定硒及汞的荧光强度。在实际样品中,硒、汞共存的浓度比未超过10,在同时测定中两者之间互不干扰。按所提出的条件测定,硒、汞的质量浓度在1.0～5.0μg.L-1范围内与相应的荧光强度值之间呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)依次为0.077,0.009 8μg.L-1。对仪器测定精密度做了试验,测得其相对标准偏差(n=7)依次为1.98%,1.31%。     

Differential determination of arsenic (III) and total arsenic with L-cysteine as prereductant using a flow injection non-dispersive atomic absorption device

Speciation of arsenic in environmental samples gains increasingly importance, as the toxic effects of arsenic are related to its oxidation state. A method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of arsenic (III) and total arsenic by flow injection hydride generation coupled with an in-house made non-dispersive AAS device. The total arsenic is determined after prereduction of arsenic (V) to arsenic (III) with L-cysteine in a low concentration of hydrochloric, acetic or nitric acid. The conditions for the prereduction, hydride generation and atomization were systematically investigated. A quartz tube temperature of 800 degrees C was found to be optimum in view of peak shape and baseline stability. Pb(II), Ni(II), Fe(III), Cu(II), Ag(I), Al(III), Ga(II), Se(IV), Bi(III) were checked for interfering with the 2 microg/L As(V) signal. A serious signal depression was only observed for Se(IV) and Bi(III) at a 150-fold excess. With the above system, arsenic was determined at a sampling frequency of about 1/min with a detection limit (3sigma) of 0.01 microg/L using a 0.5 mL sample. The reagent blank was 0.001+/-0.0003 absorbance units and the standard deviation of 10 measurements of the 2 microg/l As signal was found to be 1.2%. Results obtained for standard reference materials and water samples are in good agreement with the certified values and those obtained by ICP-MS     

Chloroform extraction of metal ethyl xanthates from hydrochloric acid media

The chloroform extraction of 32 elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, Ge, Sn, Pb, V, As, Sb, Bi, Cu, Ag, Au, Mn, Re, Ga, In, Tl, Ce, Se, Te, Cr, Mo, U, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru and Os) from O.1-10M hydrochloric acid media in the presence of potassium ethyl xanthate has been studied. The oxidation states in which some elements react, and potential analytical separations, are discussed. Pd(II), As(III) and Se(IV) are completely extracted as ethyl xanthate complexes, Te(IV) is almost completely extracted, and Au(III) is largely extracted over the range of acid concentration investigated. Mn(II), Zn, Rh(III), Ir(IV), Ru(III), Os(IV), Cr(III), Cr(VI), Ce(III) and Ce(IV) are not extracted. Ge is partly extracted from 6-10M media as the chloro-complex. Depending on the acid concentration, the remaining elements are all partially extracted as xanthate complexes.     

Determination of Antimony in Brass by On-line Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Alkaline Solution

The hydride generation(HG) technique combined with atomic spectrometry as a detection system has become one of the most powerful analytical tools for the determination of elements, such as As, Sb, Bi, Se, Te,Ge, Sn and Pb. Normally, the hydride is generated by the reaction between an acidic sample solution with tetrahydroborate. However, when some inorganic ions such as the transition metal ions are present in the reaction matrix, interference arise. Some approaches for minimizing the interference have been suggested, including the addition of various reagents such as thiourea and iron(III) solution. Interfering metals can also be removed by precipitation. The procedure involved filtration before the solution was acidified. In order to reduce the steps of the process, hydride generation from alkaline solution was described for the determination of selenium in copper and nickel materials.     

Multivariate optimisation of hydride generation procedures for single element determinations of As, Cd, Sb and Se in natural waters by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

Continuous flow hydride generation procedures for As(III), total inorganic As, Cd, total inorganic Sb, Se(IV) and total inorganic Se from sea and hot-spring water samples were optimised by experimental designs. Ir-coated graphite tubes were used as preconcentration and atomisation medium of the hydrides generated. Several factors affecting the hydride generation efficiency were studied. Results obtained from Plackett-Burman designs suggest that sodium borohydride flow rate and reduction coil length, are significant factors for total inorganic arsenic hydride generation. For cadmium hydride generation the significant factors are hydrochloric acid concentration, hydrochloric acid and sodium borohydride flow rates and reduction coil length. For total inorganic antimony hydride generation the factors affecting the hydride generation procedure are hydrochloric acid and potassium iodide concentrations and reduction coil length; finally, pre-reduction coil length and oven temperature for the pre-reduction step are statistically significant factors for total inorganic selenium hydride generation. In addition, the factors studied for the arsenic and selenium hydride generation from As(III) and Se(IV) are not significant. From these studies, the significant variables were optimised by central composite designs. Validation carried out analysis on three reference materials: SLRS-4 (Riverie water), CASS-3 (seawater) and NIST-1643d.     

电沉积Bi2Te3基薄膜的电化学阻抗谱研究

以不锈钢为基底,利用电化学沉积方法制备Bi2Te3基薄膜材料,并采用X射线衍射技术、电子探针微观分析等方法对薄膜进行结构和成分表征,通过电化学阻抗谱技术对不锈钢表面Bi2Te3的电化学沉积机理进行了初步探讨.结果表明Bi-Te和Bi-Te-Se体系具有相似的电化学沉积机理,即Bi3+和2HTeO+或H2SeO3首先被还原为Bi单质和Te或Se单质,然后Bi单质与Te或Se单质反应生成Bi2Te3基化合物,而Bi-Sb-Te体系中,2HTeO+首先被还原为Te单质,生成的Te再与Bi3+和Sb(III)反应生成Bi2Te3基化合物,三种体系的沉积都受电化学极化控制.