30m~2槽式太阳能集热器性能模拟研究

本文针对30 m~2槽式太阳能集热试验装置,对太阳能集热器的性能进行了模拟。分析了太阳能集热器光热转化过程,建立了太阳能能量转换与传递模型,并开发了模拟计算程序,研究了集热器关键结构参数和运行参数对集热性能的影响规律。具体考察了太阳辐照强度、工质流量、环境风速、吸热管管径等对集热效率的影响。结果表明:太阳能集热器的集热效率随太阳辐照强度的增加而增大,随工质流量的增加而增大,存在最佳的吸热管管径使得集热效率最大。研究结果将为太阳能集热器的设计提供参考依据。     

余热驱动的传热强化吸附制冰机实验研究

以活性炭-甲醇为工质对,搭建单床吸附制冰机。采用某种粘结剂与活性炭混合。制作具有良好传热性能的固化活性炭块。吸附床即由此种炭块和带铜肋片的传热管组成。本文针对渔船制冰工况(冷量温度控制在零下7℃)对制冰机进行了模拟试验。系统的性能参数如下:COP为0.07,SCP为11W/kg活性炭。     

玻璃真空管内插热管式集热器非稳态效率分析

本文针对玻璃真空管内插热管式太阳能集热器的结构特点,非稳态效率进行了研究.通过能量平衡分析和实验对比,对两种集热器的非稳态效率进行了分析研究,得出较为理想的非稳态效率方程.理论分析与实验结果表明:玻璃真空管内插热管式集热器与全玻璃真空管式集热器相比,热容小、启动快、防冻抗冻能力强,能承压、稳定、安全运行,具有较好的高温效率特性和保温特性,非稳态效率高出15%左右,为其在太阳能膜蒸馏系统上的应用研究奠定了基础.     

太阳能甲醇分解吸收-反应器研制与实验研究

利用中温太阳能为甲醇分解的吸热反应供热,可以将中温太阳能转化为合成气燃料的化学能,同时提高燃料热值和太阳能的可用性,还可以实现太阳能与化石燃料的互补.本研究提出了太阳能热化学系统的一体化设计原则,建立了综合考虑太阳能集热、反应动力学和反应器结构参数的太阳能甲醇分解反应器的理论分析模型,并首次研制了5 kW热功率的抛物槽式太阳能甲醇分解一体化实验装置.太阳能甲醇分解的实验结果表明太阳能集热器可以为甲醇分解提供200～300 ℃的反应温度,在辐照300～800 W/m2,甲醇进料量为0.5～4l/h条件下,甲醇转化率可以达到50%～95%,投射到吸收-反应器上的太阳能转换为燃料化学能的效率可以达到30%～60%,具有良好的甲醇分解和太阳能转换性能.研制的实验装置体现了一体化设计特征,同时理论分析结果与实验结果也具有很好的一致性.本文研究成果将为开拓太阳能与化石能源互补的能量系统提供理论支撑和实验数据.     

吸附制冷系统吸附床设计及导热性能研究

吸附式制冷是一种适合于太阳能、生物质能等低品位能源驱动的节能环保型制冷技术。以活性炭-甲醇工质对为研究对象,设计了一种带有分散到吸附剂中的矩形支管、刺孔膜片式吸附质管的壳管式吸附床,定性研究了扩散通量和扩散传质系数之间的关系及其传质特性;同时,通过分析吸附床的导热性能,进行了吸附质管制作材料(不锈钢、铝合金、铁皮)的导热性能测定试验。试验表明,铝合金材质(膨胀系数较大)的导热性能较好,可以作为吸附质管制作材料的最佳材质,有助于为促进吸附质的传质扩散、优化吸附床的结构设计及改进生产工艺等提供理论参考。     

1kW碟式太阳能行波热声发电系统

碟式太阳能行波热声发电是近年来兴起的新型热发电技术,具有可靠性好、潜在效率高、分布灵活等优点。本文介绍了正在研制的一套1 kW碟式太阳能行波热声发电系统。该系统利用碟式集热器收集太阳辐射热量,通过高温热管将热量传输到发动机热端,再采用行波热声发电机进行热-电转换。初步调试采用高频加热模拟太阳能,以3.5 MPa氦气为工质、加热温度为751℃和798℃时分别实现了116 W和255 W的电功输出。实验验证了系统的可行性。目前系统的安装调试仍在进行中,相关的实验结果将在后续的文章中进行报道。     

吸附式制冷系统中吸附工质对的探索和实验研究

介绍了吸附制冷工作原理,并对制冷空调学术界对吸附工质对的研究进展进行了分析,发现目前吸附工质对研究中相对薄弱的环节是吸附剂的导热性能。本课题以探索最佳比例混合式吸附剂为目的,开展吸附剂导热性能和吸附性能的实验研究,指出研究出兼具良好导热性能和吸附性能的吸附工质对,对提高制冷系统能效比将具有明显的促进作用。     

基于TRNSYS的太阳能集热系统能量转化分析与优化

建立了太阳能集热器非稳态数学模型。以工程实例为研究对象,借助于TRNSYS软件,分析不同集热器类型,集热面积,水箱容积,水箱流量对太阳能集热系统性能的影响。优化集热器和水箱设计参数,采用变流量水箱系统,对提高太阳能集热系统综合性能有指导意义。     

槽式太阳能集热系统的实验研究

本文设计搭建了槽式太阳能集热系统性能测试平台,通过不同工况下的实验测试数据分析了影响槽式太阳能集热系统性能的主要因素;针对槽式集热器的瞬时效率、集热效率及换热器的热损失系数展开了实验测试与分析计算,讨论了工质流量变化对槽式集热系统性能的影响规律。实验结果表明:晴朗天气瞬时集热效率在0.35～0.65范围内变化,换热器热损失系数在1 W/(m~2·℃)以下,研究结果为槽式太阳能集热系统大规模应用提供一定参考价值。     

一种用于船舶吸附制冷系统的单元管设计与实验

基于前人提出的利用船舶内燃机排气废热的吸附式制冷系统系统的设计思想,文中致力于应用在吸附床中的单元冷管的研究,进行了一种用于船舶吸附式制冷系统的单元冷管的结构设计、工质对选择等,并实验分析和研究了添加可膨胀石墨的吸附单元冷管的循环特性,文中研究为今后的单元和系统设计提供了一定的实践指导。     

全玻璃真空太阳能热水器强化换热机理分析

本文应用Ansys Fluent软件对加装导流板全玻璃真空太阳能热水器内自然对流流场进行三维数值模拟计算,并与实验进行对比分析,通过改变导流板长度和位置改善热水器内的流动和换热。结果表明,与无导流板结构相比较,加装导流板后管内涡流消失,流体流动稳定,有利于管内自然对流,增强了换热效果,水箱内温度分层效果明显,有助于提高换热效率;同时得出导流板长度最佳选择范围为1.4～1.6 m,导流板加装在玻璃管中间位置与距管中间位置偏下1/2之间范围内更有助于换热。     

太阳能光伏光热扁管式蒸发器性能分析

根据太阳能光伏光热蒸发器与制冷系统之间的能量平衡,建立了光伏光热扁管式蒸发器性能的数理模型。该模型考虑了光伏光热扁管式蒸发器的传热系数变化,并分析了太阳辐射强度、环境温度、制冷循环的蒸发温度对光伏光热扁管式蒸发器的电池板温度、电池板光电转换效率、电池板发电功率以及光伏光热蒸发器散热量的影响。     

热管平板集热器设计优化

简单介绍了热管平板集热器的特点及应用前景,在分析传热的基础上,讨论各因素对传热效率的影响,从而进行优化设计。     

STUDY OF THE IMPINGEMENT OF IMPULSE WAVE UPON A FLAT PLATE

The impulse wave is made by the weak normal shock discharge from an open end of a shock tube. In order to understand the dynamic characteristics of the impulse wave impinging upon a flat plate, experiments are performed over the shock Mach number range from 1·01 to 1·20. A flat plate is placed downstream, normal to the axis of the shock tube, to simulate the impulse wave impingement on an object. The distance between the exit of the shock tube and flat plate is changed. The baffle plate is installed at the exit of the shock tube. The sizes of the baffle plate and impinging flat plate are varied to investigate the magnitude of the impulse wave impinging upon the flat plate. Computational analysis is applied to model the flow field subject to unsteady, axisymmetric, inviscid, compressible, equations. Computational results well predict the experimented dynamic behavior of the impinging impulse wave. The impulse wave impinging upon the flat plate has a sharp peak of very short rising time and its magnitude decreases with distance from the center of the flat plate. The magnitude of the impulse wave impinging upon the flat plate can be predicted by the empirical equations that are developed in the present study.     

平板型玻璃镜反射太阳能聚光光伏系统的实验研究

提出了一种平板型玻璃镜反射太阳能聚光器,用于太阳能聚光光伏/光热利用.其结构主要由平面框架上倾斜放置粘贴或镶嵌在平直型材上的多块条形玻璃镜构成,聚光接受体为平板光伏电池或集热管.条形玻璃镜的宽度和倾斜角度随自身所处位置、聚光接受体形状尺寸和安放角度,是否考虑太阳入射光立体角影响等因素由所给公式确定.利用CCD 法测量了...     

The structure of MgO-SiO2 glasses at elevated pressure

The magnesium silicate system is an important geophysical analogue and neutron diffraction data from glasses formed in this system may also provide an initial framework for understanding the structure-dependent properties of related liquids that are important during planetary formation. Neutron diffraction data collected in situ for a single composition (38 mol% SiO(2)) magnesium silicate glass sample shows local changes in structure as pressure is increased from ambient conditions to 8.6 GPa at ambient temperature. A method for obtaining the fully corrected, total structure factor, S(Q), has been developed that allows accurate structural characterization as this weakly scattering glass sample is compressed. The measured S(Q) data indicate changes in chemical ordering with pressure and the real-space transforms show an increase in Mg-O coordination number and a distortion of the local environment around magnesium ions. We have used reverse Monte Carlo methods to compare the high pressure and ambient pressure structures and also compare the high pressure form with a more silica-poor glass (Mg(2)SiO(4)) that represents the approach to a more dense, void-free and topologically ordered structure. The Mg-O coordination number increases with pressure and we also find that the degree of continuous connectivity of Si-O bonds increases via a collapse of interstices.     

新型平板热管式太阳能集热技术

利用二维微通道阵列平板热管,提出了全新平板式太阳能集热技术及其热水系统,测试了平板微热管基本性能,将其应用于平板太阳能热水器,研制成功了新型平板热管式太阳能热水器,测试了热水器性能,其逐时最高效率为87.82%,日平均效率高达65.98%,且不受时域和地域限制,并具有成本低、抗冻、承压、紧凑、轻巧、不结垢等优点,整体性能优越,应用前景极其广阔。     

微通道蒸发器扁管内制冷剂流动特性模拟分析

采用微通道蒸发器二维模型,研究不同R134a入口雷诺数下,其在蒸发器内的流动及流量分配特性。模拟与实验结果最大误差小于23.8%,验证了模型的可靠性。结果表明,随着雷诺数的增大,蒸发器底部扁管入口速度近似线性增加,扁管低压区从蒸发器中间扁管逐渐上移,压降不断增加,降幅最高可达71%。     

Influence of Burner Geometry on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Methane/Air Flame Impinging on Flat Surface

An experimental study has been conducted to find the heat transfer characteristics of methane/air flames impinging normally to a flat surface using different burner geometries. The burners used were of nozzle, tube, and orifice type each with a diameter of 10 mm. Due to different exit velocity profiles, the flame structures were different in each case. Because of nearly flat velocity profile, the flame spread was more in case of orifice and nozzle burners as compared to tube burner. Effects of varying the value of Reynolds number (600–2500), equivalence ratio (0.8–1.5) and dimensionless separation distance (0.7–8) on heat transfer characteristics on the flat plate have been investigated for the tube burner. Different flame shapes were observed for different impingement conditions. It has been observed that the heat transfer characteristics were intimately related to flame shapes. Heat transfer characteristics were discussed for the cases when the flame inner reaction cone was far away, just touched, and was intercepted by the plate. Negative heat fluxes at the stagnation point were observed when the inner reaction cone was intercepted by the plate due to impingement of cool un-burnt mixture directly on the surface. Different heat transfer characteristics were observed for different burner geometries with similar operating conditions. In case of tube burner, the maximum heat flux is around the stagnation point and decay is faster in the radial direction. In case of nozzle and orifice burner, the heat transfer distribution is more uniform over the surface.