微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定大鲵皮肤和肌肉中的微量元素

采用微波消解,火焰原子吸收法(FAAS)法测定大鲵皮肤和肌肉中5种微量元素Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn、Ca的含量,并与鲶鱼皮肤作对照。结果表明:大鲵皮肤和肌肉中含丰富的钙、铁、锌,含量明显高于鲶鱼皮肤,铜和锰的含量在大鲵皮肤、肌肉和鲶鱼皮肤中不存在显著性差异。     

六种祛风湿中成药中微量元素含量的测定

中药功效与微量元素之间的关系 ,已被越来越多的学者研究证实[1～ 3] ,但对祛风湿中成药中微量元素的分析未见报道。现代医学中 ,风湿病是指与免疫代谢、感染、遗传、退行性变有关的骨、关节、肌肉疼痛为主的疾患 ,其范围相当广泛 ,为临床常见病[4] 。本文通过对风湿马钱片等 6种祛风湿中成药中Ｚｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｅ、Ｐｂ、Ｈｇ等 7种微量元素含量的测定 ,为进一步研究相关微量元素的存在形态、探讨药理机制、提高药效和降低毒副作用提供参考。1　实验1 1　仪器与试剂ＷＦＸ ⅠＣ型原子吸收分光光度计 (北京第二分析仪器厂 ) ,Ｗ…     

氢化物发生原子吸收光谱法测定人发中硒

硒是人体必需的微量元素,对人体具有重要的生理功能,主要有抗氧化、抗癌等作用,试验表明缺硒可以引起多种损害[1],如骨骼肌肉损伤、生长障碍、营养性胰腺萎缩、免疫功能降低及心血管疾病等.     

锗的环境生态研究

锗是分散性元素，在动、植物中属于微量，超微量元素。在动物中，锗多存在于肝脏、肌肉，亦见于骨骼及鱼鳃中，在植物中，锗主要分布于叶子及糖类淀粉贮藏的器官中。通过动植物肿瘤的分析，说明锗不是致病元素。锗用于保健，主要在于促进糖类代谢，提高免疫力，而不是直接杀死癌细胞或其它病原体。     

锌与锗对小鼠抗氧化作用影响的实验研究

对２４０只小鼠的血清、肝脏、肌肉进行了锌和锗含量，抗化指标ＳＯＤ活性、ＭＤＡ含量测定。观察结果表明，微量元素锌与锗在小鼠血清中有一定的竞争作用。血清锌锗与肌肉、肝脏锌、锗及ＳＯＤ有一定的相关性。由于锌和锗含量的变化，小鼠抗氧化作用受到了影响。当两者联合应用时，ＳＯＤ活性有不同程度增加，ＭＤＡ含量随之下降，提示了锌与锗在小鼠抗氧化方面有一定的协同作用。     

豫产桔梗的土壤与药材中部分微量元素含量与分析

为了解桔梗中微量元素含量特征,研究土壤中微量元素对桔梗药材道地性的影响,采用原子吸收光谱法、冷原子荧光法、双道原子荧光法对不同产地的桔梗药材及生境土壤中8种微量元素含量进行了测定,所得数据用SPSS 11.0软件进行分析比较。结果表明,不同产地的桔梗微量元素含量有差异;药材与土壤中微量元素之间具有相关性。桔梗对土壤中微量元素是主动与被动相结合的有选择吸收。     

食品微量元素添加剂配制方法及功效研究

随着微量元素对人体的防病、治病和延缓衰老等功效越来越显著,在食品中添加微量元素成分的科研项目,越来越引人注目。这些科研项目大致可分为4种类型:主体微量元素种类和量的研究;配体微量元素化合物种类的研究;载体微量元素生物转化的研究;以及微量元素添加剂功效的研究。该文把食品微量元素添加剂归纳为3种类型,即治病微量元素添加剂,保健微量元素添加剂和长寿微量元素添加剂,每种类型添加剂的主体、配体和载体都作了选择性研究,优选出治病方、保健方和长寿方等不同类型的配制方法,供制作者参考。     

头发微量元素分级诊断(1)

本文给出了头发中42种微量元素的正常值,以及每种微量元素边缘、轻度、中度和重度缺乏或过多的数值,并以箭头数和阶梯图表示。同时给出每种微量元素的生理功能、缺乏症状、过多症状,每种微量元素的日需要量。对头发微量元素诊断有一定的参考价值。     

血清微量元素含量与疾病相关性数据(一)

收集了血清中微量元素含量与疾病相关性数据,每种疾病都与某些微量元素含量密切相关,这些科研成果来自《生命科学中的微量元素分析与数据手册》、《微量元素与健康研究》、《微量元素与疾病诊断及治疗》、《广东微量元素科学》、《世界元素医学》和《微量元素科学进展》等6种文献,共3 312个数据,全部数据按内科、外科、儿科、妇产科、神经精神病科、五官科、眼科、皮肤科、肿瘤科和特种医学等科属和258个病种(刊次)进行系统分类整理成表,非常清晰地用微量元素的数据异常证明疾病发生。还进一步证明,一种疾病的发生与多种微量元素异常相关,以及一种微量元素异常与多种疾病发生相关,这是中国微量元素科学工作者对人类健康事业所作出的贡献。血清中微量元素与相关疾病数据,可供高等院校、研究院、研究所、医院及各相关部门的科学工作者和医学工作者参考。分两期刊出。     

高血压与微量元素的相关研究进展

微量元素在原发性高血压的发生发展过程中起到一定的作用。阐述了高血压与锌、铜、镁、铁、锰等微量元素的关系,并对治疗高血压中药中微量元素含量的研究进行了归纳总结。     

Trace metal concentrations in single specimens of the intestinal broad flatworm (Diphyllobothrium latum), compared to their fish host (Oncorhynchus mykiss) measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether intestine endoparasites (Diphyllobothrium latum) accumulate trace elements related to its body size and (2) whether parasites bioconcentrate more trace elements than their host. Freshwater fish (rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss) were sampled in the deep, oligotrophic and uncontaminated Lake Riñihue in Southern Chile. The element concentration of different organs (intestine, muscle, liver) and of the intestine endoparasites were analyzed using total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the mass fraction for Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Pb decreased significantly with the body size (dry weight) of the endoparasite. Only Zn did not reveal such a relationship. Small parasites accumulated up to 80 times more Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Cu than large parasites. Compared to the fish organs, small parasites accumulated in maximum 35 to 307 times more Mn, 5 to 255 times more Fe, 98 to 220 times more Ni, 3 to 175 times more Cu, and 0.4 to 12 times more Zn than the fish. Lead was only found in the endoparasite, but not in the fish organs. We conclude that (1) D. latum is a good indicator for trace element accumulation in fishes and that (2) small endoparasites are more sensitive as bioindicators because they showed higher bioconcentrations of trace metals than larger parasites.     

Analysis of fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: aspects of precipitating otolith calcium with hydrofluoric acid for trace element determination

A method is developed for determination of trace elements, including Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, Tl and Zn, in fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Hydrofluoric acid was used to precipitate calcium resulting from acid dissolution of otolith calcium carbonate. Initial acidity of the sample solution influenced the precipitation efficiency of calcium fluoride. Up to 99.5% of Ca was precipitated in solutions that contained less than 2% (v/v) HNO₃. Recoveries of the elements obtained from spiked artificial otolith solutions were between 90 and 103%. Stabilization of the elements within the ETV cell was achieved with 0.3 μg Pd/0.2 μg Rh chemical modifier that also afforded optimum sensitivity for multielement determination. The method was validated by the analysis of a fish otolith reference material (CRM) of emperor snapper, and then applied to the determination of the trace elements in otoliths of several fish species captured in Raritan Bay, New Jersey. Results indicated that fish physiology and biological processes could influence the levels of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in the otoliths of fish inhabiting a similar aqueous environment. Otolith concentrations of Cr and Ni did not show any significant differences among different species. Concentrations for Ag, As, Cd, Co and Tl were also not significantly different, but were very low indicating low affinity of otolith calcium carbonate to these elements.     

Comparative study of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues of farmed and wild rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using ICP-OES technique

The objective of this research was to determine the differences between farmed and wild rainbow trout in terms of heavy metal and trace element accumulation in edible tissues. The samples were analyzed for As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr and Zn by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); and for Hg by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CVAAS). The results were expressed as μg/g of dry weight. With the exception of Ba and Sr, liver had significantly higher heavy metal and trace element concentrations compared to the muscle in farmed or wild fish. Higher levels of Ba, Cr, Fe, Mn and Zn, as well as lower levels of Cu and Sr were found in tissues of wild rainbow trout compared to its farmed relative. Levels of Cd in 41.6% of farmed fish samples and 45.8% of wild fish samples exceeded the European Commission regulation. Regarding the Pb, concentrations in 50% of farmed fish samples and 62.5% of wild ones were above the European Commission limit. However, levels of Hg and As in all of the examined samples were lower than the legislated limits. The differences in heavy metal and trace element accumulation observed between farmed and wild fish were probably related to the differences in their environmental conditions and dietary element concentrations.     

Determination of differential heavy metal and trace element accumulation in liver, gills, intestine and muscle of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) from the Danube River in Serbia by ICP-OES

The accumulation of heavy metals in fish has been extensively studied and well documented. However, the research has been mainly focused on the muscle tissue, while the distribution patterns among other tissues, such as liver and gills, have been mostly neglected. Within the present study, the concentrations of Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Zn and Li in the muscle, gills, liver and intestine of the sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) from the Danube River have been assessed by using the inductively-coupled plasma optical spectrometry. The analysis has revealed a high degree of differential accumulation of the studied heavy metals and trace elements in the tissues of the Danube sterlet. Liver appeared to be the main heavy metal storage tissue, while the lowest levels of analyzed metals were found in muscles. Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle were at acceptable levels for human consumption, except partly for cadmium. We conclude that, in order to enable a more efficient control of contaminants in fish products, there is an apparent need to resolve the problem of lack of legal limits for many metals in European legislation.     

Analysis of biogenic carbonates by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Flow injection on-line solid-phase preconcentration for trace element determination in fish otoliths

The aragonite deposits within the ear bones (otoliths) of teleost fish retain a chemical signal reflecting the life history of fish (similar to rings of trees) and the nature of fish habitats. Otoliths dissolved in acid solutions contain high concentrations of calcium and a variety of proteins. Elimination of matrix salts and organic interferences during preconcentration is essential for accurate determination of trace elements in otolith solutions by inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry. An iminodiacetate-based chelating resin (Toyopearl AF-Chelate 650 M) has been used for on-line preconcentration and matrix separation for the determination of 31 transition and rare elements. Successful preconcentration of the elements was achieved at pH 5 by on-line buffering, except Mn which required pH 8.8. Sample solutions were loaded on to the column for 1 min at 3.2 mL min(-1), and then eluted directly into the mass spectrometer with 4% v/v nitric acid. This procedure enabled up to 25-fold preconcentration with successful removal of the calcium matrix. The effect of heat-assisted oxidation with concentrated nitric acid was investigated to eliminate the organic matrix. It was found that heating to dryness after dissolution and further mineralization with the acid significantly improved the retention of the transition elements. The method was validated by analysis of a certified reference material produced from saggittal otoliths of emperor snapper ( Lutjanus sebae), and then applied to the determination of trace metal concentrations in juvenile bluefin tuna ( Thunnus thynnus) from the Western Pacific Ocean.     

长寿之乡--江苏如皋微量元素环境调查

考察了如皋长寿老人居住环境、饮食和生活习惯,检测了当地土壤、粮食、蔬菜及人发样品中14种元素。结果表明,如皋生态环境好、长寿老人主食粗细搭配、副食清淡、蔬菜为主、少量荤食的饮食习惯使他们保持了人体内必需的常量、微量元素的平衡。头发中锌和硒含量较高是如皋老人长寿的特点。     

Trace elements in several species of crustaceans of Amami Island Group in Japan determined by activation analysis

Concentration levels of trace elements were determined in several speciesof subtropical crustaceans from Amami Islands in Japan in order to evaluatethe levels of specific accumulation of elements among species. Tissue samplesprepared from gill, muscle, hepatopancreas, and testis were irradiated forphoton activation analysis (PAA) and neutron activation analysis (NAA). ByPAA and NAA, eighteen elements could be determined. The levels of Br and Iwere extremely high in gills of spiny lobster and shovel-nosed lobster, respectively.A high concentration of Ag was found in the hepatopancreas of spiny lobsterscollected from the Amami Islands, while this element was not detected in thesame species collected from Toba. The results suggest that the distributionof the trace elements in different tissues and species varies according toboth species and environmental differences. To study the molecular forms ofthe elements in tissue, we separated fractions that contained protein-boundelements from the hepatopancreas of spiny lobsters by ultracentrifugationand gel filtration chromatography. Elution profiles of the chromatographysuggest that Cu, Fe, and Se were bound to proteins, while Ag was not.     

微波消解ICP-AES法测定贝类中微量元素的含量

采用硝酸-过氧化氢作为消解液对样品微波溶样,应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)分别对湛江市场8种贝类中的Zn、Cd、As、Fe、Cr、Cu等6种微量元素进行测定。结果表明,贝类种类之间对重金属的累积存在明显差异,这些贝类都有部分甚至全部元素超过了相关限量的情况存在,应引起有关部门高度重视。     

Determination of Trace Metals in Fish Tissue by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry using a Discreet Nebulization Technique

Abstract

Flame atomic absorption spectrometry is applied to the analysis of trace metals in fish tissue after digestion of the sample with nitric acid in a decomposition vessel. The digested sample is analyzed directly using a discreet nebulization technique. Enhancement effects were observed for all elements studied. The method was applied to the analysis of copper, iron and zinc in several species of fish.     

茶叶中微量元素浸出率的研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了茶叶及其浸泡液中微量元素的含量。结果表明，绿茶茶叶中含有较为丰富的多种矿物质元素和人体必需的微量元素，不同的微量元素浸出率不同。