折射率介质在制栅和云纹干涉法中的应用

本文在已有的高折射率介质制栅方法的基础上提出了一种新的制作超高频全息光栅的方法,该方法制栅准确、简单、方便,其特点是所制光栅的频率与激光波长及介质的折射率无直接关系,而是等于制栅光路所得频率与两倍母栅频率之和.该制栅原理同时被推广应用于云纹干涉法中.     

高灵敏度,高温全息云纹光栅及其应用

本文简要介绍了高灵敏度，高温全息云纹光栅技术，主要包括旋转点光源激光全息干涉制栅系统，折射率介质超高频光栅制作技术，双镀层抗高温氧化制栅技术，耐高温光刻胶模板及转移技术，现场变形栅转移技术。在此基础上还给出了高灵敏度，高温全息云纹光栅的几个典型应用实例     

云纹／光栅测试技术的几点讨论

本文用信号处理的方法系统地阐述了云纹／光栅测试技术。以面内云纹／光栅测试为例，首先说明了光栅是位移和变形信息的空间载体；位移和应变分别是对载体的相位和频率调制；而云纹现象则是试件栅频谱向零频处平移的结果或说云纹是对光栅载体信号解调的过程；进而讨论了云纹技术与光栅技术的本质区别。其次分析了云纹／光栅测试系统的性能，讨论了条纹分析方法及数字图象处理手段对云纹／光栅系统的测试精度、灵敏度、空间分辨率的影响。     

曲表面裂纹尖端弹塑性应变场的量测

本文介绍了一种新的试件栅拷贝技术,即将X光荧光增感技术用于试件栅的拷贝.该方法不但适用于平表面,而且也可适用于曲表面裂纹尖端附近弹塑性应变场及轴的扭转等.从而扩大了云纹法的应用范围.     

云纹干涉法现场测量中的变形试件栅复制技术

本文研究了云纹干涉法的现场测量技术.该方法在现场测量过程中复制变形的试件栅.试件栅上保留了载荷引起的变形信息,通过云纹干涉法可以得到这些变形信息.该方法不但具有云纹干涉法的所有优点,并且使云纹干涉法可以在光学实验室以外场合中应用.     

相移数字云纹测量系统

介绍了一种相位移数字云纹变形测量系统．测试系统采用ＣＣＤ摄像系统记录光栅图像，控制采样的空间频率大约为光栅线密度的整数倍，对试件栅进行采样后用数字信号处理的方法，实现空间相位移及进行实时数字云纹条纹显示，并对相移误差及光栅信号的高阶谐波的影响进行了校正     

离面位移场测量的相加云纹干涉法

本文采用两束准直相干光对称入射-高频试件光栅,并辅之以一沿试件栅法向传播的平面参考光波。通过调节入射光的入射角而对正、负一级衍射波引入适当载波,在试件栅变形前后,正、负一级衍射波与参考平面光波同时对记录底版两次曝光而将试件栅的变形信息记录下来。通过对记录底版的滤波处理而分离出实时或差载的离面位移场条纹图。这一方法使得离面位移场测量的灵敏度达到四分之一波长.文中给出了严格的理论推导和条纹对比度极好的实验验证.     

虚拟云纹实验方法及应用

研究了虚拟云纹实验的原理．特点是应用数字参考栅和数字试件栅干涉形成数字云纹．讨论了相移技术在数字云纹中的应用,并通过人机交互界面程序的编制,将光栅完全数字化模拟,输入力学参数即可直观地演示云纹图形,并按照相移原理做出相应的实验数据自动处理,由云纹图形计算应变场．     

基于光纤光栅技术的船体变形修正技术

为进一步优化航天测量船变形测量系统,提出了基于光纤Bragg光栅技术的应变误差测量方法。首先通过对测量船变形系统的结构和光路进行几何分析,建立了应变量与误差角之间的转换模型。然后基于光纤光栅技术设计了测量船变形系统的应变误差测量方案。由应变与误差角的转换公式得到,运用常用的Si425型光纤光栅解调仪,其理论测量精度可达0.01″。     

平面叶栅气动试验研究进展与展望

平面叶栅气动试验传统上是验证压气机、涡轮的基元性能的主要手段, 近年来国内外研究人员利用平面叶栅开展了大量的流动测量试验, 以揭示叶栅内部复杂流动现象的本质和规律、探索减小叶栅内流动损失的方法. 本文从试验装置、测试技术和研究内容三个方面, 综述了近年来平面叶栅气动试验研究的进展情况. 首先介绍了平面叶栅试验装置的发展及提高平面叶栅试验段流场品质的措施; 其次介绍了叶栅气动试验采用的部分流场测试技术, 包括叶片表面压力场、叶片表面温度场、内流速度场及流场可视化等测试技术, 分析了这些测试技术的进展和存在的问题; 然后梳理了近年来平面叶栅试验研究的相关科学问题及进展, 包括跨音速叶栅中的激波研究, 叶顶间隙泄漏流动研究, 叶型优化研究, 多尺度非定常旋涡结构研究, 振动环境下叶栅流场研究等; 最后对平面叶栅气动试验研究方向进行了展望. 通过了解叶栅内复杂流动现象及本质, 为进一步探索和提高压气机、涡轮的气动性能提供技术支撑.      

APPLICATION OF GRATING DIFFRACTION IN STRAIN MEASUREMENT

In this paper a new technique for measuring strain is presented.Usinggrating as the strain sensor,we can obtain strain and stress components by measuringthe deformation of the space position of diffraction spots.The cost of the hologra hicgrating by embossing is much reduced.By using the video and computer techniques thestrain and stress Values can be obtained automatically.     

光栅应变法的图象处理技术

本文应用数字图象处理技术，对光栅应变法图象进行处理，提出了一种简捷的重心算法，使整个图象处理过程快速简单，自动化程度高，并能保证测量精度，使光栅应变法便于实际测试应用。     

Advances in scanning electron microscope moiré

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) moiré method for microscopic measurements based on electron beam lithography and an SEM has been well developed. Although it has been a reliable method, some drawbacks exist: reinforcement effects, complicated processing and low sensitivity. To improve the SEM moiré method, new grating-casting techniques and a fringe-viewing technique must be developed. In this study, a carbonaceous grating technique and a total imaging technique are introduced. Accordingly, there are two techniques available for grating-casting (i.e., the carbonaceous grating technique and the existing lithography grating technique) and three techniques available for fringe viewing (i.e., the total imaging technique, the existing, monitor viewing technique and the existing photographic viewing technique). A total of six new imaging techniques of SEM moiré methods are available for microscopic measurements by combining one technique from each of the two groups. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the individual techniques and discusses the characteristics and limitations of each. Based on the presented total imaging technique, the sensitivity of the moiré method is only dependent on the frequency of specimen grating. Because it can be made as high as 10,000 lines/mm, the SEM moiré method can achieve sensitivity as high as 0.01 percent.     

Application of refractive medium in optical micromechanics

The refractive medium is used in moire interferometry and holographic grating fabrication technique. The sensitivity of traditional interferometry and the frequency of grating are enhanced effectively. These two novel techniques extend the application scope of the moire interferometry and facilitate the realization of superlattice method in micromechanics study. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Strain tensor for large three-dimensional surface deformation of sheet metal from an object grating

Grating techniques are used to determine the three-dimensional deformation and the tangential strain of sheet metal. A grating is fixed on the surface and taken by stereo CCD cameras in different deformation states. By suitable line-following software, the grating coordinates in the images are determined with subpixel accuracy. Using photogrammetric methods, the three-dimensional coordinates are calculated from the image coordinates. The strain usually is determined by means of a deformation gradient, which is calculated from every deformed triangle. In this paper, the gradient is determined in the center of four neighboring meshes using a polynomial approximation of the displacement function in a reference position. The influence of the nontangential deformation is considered. By simulation, a flat sheet metal is deformed to a rotational symmetric surface. The difference of the known exact strain is compared with the numerically derived strain with respect to different grating pitches. The proposed method yields good results even in the case of large spatial deformation. It is applied to the deformation of a hatlike test specimen.     

试件栅刻蚀技术研究

本文研究和实现了在试件表面直接涂布光刻胶制得振幅型低频栅和位相型高频全息栅的基础上，分别利用湿法化学腐蚀和反应离子刻蚀技术蚀刻试件栅的工艺。在几种不同材料的试件表面刻蚀出了试件栅，这种技术的实现使云纹干涉法和精细网格法在高温高压环境下的广泛应用成为可能。     

埋光纤光栅传感器智能土木结构应变监测

采取与土木工程施工特点相适应的操作工艺与保护方法，将光纤Bragg光栅传感器埋入钢筋混凝土结构中，分别在实验室和实际工程施工现场对混凝土内部的应变进行了测量。实验中光纤Bragg光栅传感性能良好，能够监测混凝土内部应变状态，显示出成活率高、绝对值测量、寿命长等优势，为建立基于光纤传感器的结构健康监测系统奠定了基础。     

基于锁相循环投影的物体形貌检测

本文提出将相位锁定循环技术应用于栅线投影方法,将规则栅线投影到物体表面得到变形栅线,用相位锁定循环法解调含有物体表面高度信息的位相。用该法不需传统的相位去包裹,即可完成对二维栅线图扫描,从而确定其相位。通过对典型试件的检测,得到了比较满意的结果。     

应变测量的光栅法

本文提出一种新的应变测量方法。用模压全息光栅作为应变传感器，测量光栅衍射点空间位置的变化量，直接获得应变或应力分量。全息光栅的模压制作，可以大幅度地降低成本。视频技术与微机技术的运用可以自动地获得应变和应力的数值。     

Multiscanning method for fabricating electron moiré grating

In this paper we present a multiscanning method for fabricating an electron moiré grating. Many repeated scans are used, instead of a single scan. The resultant grating lines are the sum of these scans. Through this process, the grating error can be reduced from about 85% in the single-scanning method to below 5%. The experimental results show that a highly accurate grating can be fabricated in this way.