平面叶栅气动试验研究进展与展望

平面叶栅气动试验传统上是验证压气机、涡轮的基元性能的主要手段, 近年来国内外研究人员利用平面叶栅开展了大量的流动测量试验, 以揭示叶栅内部复杂流动现象的本质和规律、探索减小叶栅内流动损失的方法. 本文从试验装置、测试技术和研究内容三个方面, 综述了近年来平面叶栅气动试验研究的进展情况. 首先介绍了平面叶栅试验装置的发展及提高平面叶栅试验段流场品质的措施; 其次介绍了叶栅气动试验采用的部分流场测试技术, 包括叶片表面压力场、叶片表面温度场、内流速度场及流场可视化等测试技术, 分析了这些测试技术的进展和存在的问题; 然后梳理了近年来平面叶栅试验研究的相关科学问题及进展, 包括跨音速叶栅中的激波研究, 叶顶间隙泄漏流动研究, 叶型优化研究, 多尺度非定常旋涡结构研究, 振动环境下叶栅流场研究等; 最后对平面叶栅气动试验研究方向进行了展望. 通过了解叶栅内复杂流动现象及本质, 为进一步探索和提高压气机、涡轮的气动性能提供技术支撑. 

PROGRESS AND PROSPECT OF AERODYNAMIC EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON LINEAR CASCADE

The aerodynamic experiment on linear cascade, which can provide numerous and systematic experimental results, is traditionally the main methods to verify the elementary aerodynamic performance of compressor and turbine. In recent years, the overseas and domestic researchers have carried out a large number of flow measurement experiments to reveal the internal flow mechanism and then explore methods to decrease flow loss of linear cascade flow field. In this paper, the overseas and domestic aerodynamic experiment research progress for linear cascade, especially for supersonic and transonic linear cascade has been reviewed and discussed from the viewpoints of experimental equipment, measurement technologies and experimental research content. Firstly, the development of linear cascade equipment and the methods for improving flow quality are reviewed, which can increase the inlet flow uniformity and outlet flow periodicity of the test section. Meanwhile, various aerodynamic experimental measurement technologies for linear cascade are discussed in detail, including measurements for blade surface pressure field, blade surface temperature field, flow velocity field and flow visualization. The existing problems and improvement methods for current measurement technologies are analyzed, respectively. Furthermore, mainly based on the decrease of flow loss, several key scientific problems and research progress for the aerodynamic experiment of linear cascade are discussed herein, including the interaction between shock wave and turbulence boundary layer in transonic cascade, tip leakage clearance flow research, baseline profile modification, multi-scale secondary flow vortex structures, unsteady flow characteristics, the cascade flow field research in vibration environment, and so on. Finally, based on the previous research, the prospects of the direction and the trends of linear cascade aerodynamic experimental research are discussed briefly, which may provide reference for future related studies. By understanding the phenomenon and mechanism of complex flow in cascade, it provides technical support for further improving the aerodynamic performance of compressor and turbine.