非烯胺途径有机催化醛醇缩合反应立体选择性合成邻卤代醇和Knoevenagel产物（英文）

Stereoselective synthesis by an aldol reaction between chloroacetone and aldehyde was studied using a synthesized chiral organocatalyst and triethylamine. The reaction gave α-chloro-β-hydroxy ketones in excellent yield with high anti selectivity and enantioselectivity. The chiral organocatalyst was also used in the Knoevenagel reaction, which gave α-cyano-β-hydroxy ketones at a low temperature and the usual Knoevenagel product at a high temperature. Both products were obtained in good to moderate yield with good anti selectivity in the case of α-cyano-β-hydroxy ketone derivatives.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of α-hydroxy aromatic ketones from α-bromo aromatic ketones in water

A reaction ofα-bromo aromatic ketones in water with microwave irradiation gave the correspondingα-hydroxy aromatic ketones in good yields.The use of microwaves was found to significantly improve yields and shorten the reaction time.This reaction afforded a very clean,convenient method for the synthesis ofα-hydroxy aromatic ketones.     

Asymmetric aza-Henry reaction with α-substituted nitroacetates catalyzed by a bifunctional thiourea-guanidine catalyst

The asymmetric aza-Henry reaction of α-substituted nitroacetates and N-Boc imines was achieved with a new-type thioureaguanidine bifunctional organocatalyst.The novel transformations exhibited high diastereoselectivities,and the adducts bearing adjacent quaternary and tertiary chiral centers were generally obtained in moderate to good enantioselectivities(up to 88%ee).     

Enantioselective trapping of oxonium ylide intermediates by N-benzhydryl-α-imino ester:Synthesis of β-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids

A synergistic rhodium(Ⅱ)/phosphoric acid catalyzed three component reaction of 3-diazooxindoles,alcohols and N-benzhydryl-α-imino ester is developed for the efficient construction of chiral β-alkoxy C~β-tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives in good yields and with excellent diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities.The synthetic application of the resulting products was illustrated by reducing with Pd/C under H_2 atmosphere followed reacting with CSCl_2 at room temperature to rapid afford 3-spirocyclic oxindole in a good yield with a chirality retainment.The three-component reaction is proposed to proceed through an electrophilic trapping of the oxonium ylides by N-benzhydryl-α-imino ester.     

A Facile and Efficient Oxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Alcohols with Manganese Dioxide in Ionic Liquids under Mild Conditions

The oxidation of α,β-unsaturated primary and secondary alcohols to corresponding aldehydes and ketones by manganese dioxide in ionic liquids as a safe recyclable and accelerative reaction medium under mild conditions are described. The rate of the oxidation reaction is faster and the yield is higher than that with conventional procedures.     

Michael Addition of Amines to Activated Alkenes Promoted by Zn/NH4Cl System

A Zn/NH4Cl system was exploited at room temperature to promote the Michael addition reaction of various primary and secondary amines with α,β-unsaturated esters,nitriles,amides,and ketones to give the corresponding saturated amines under the mild condition in high yield.     

PhIO-mediated Synthesis of Ketones from Alkynes and Alkenes

A facile and efficient method for the preparation of methyl ketones was developed in the reaction of alkynes and alkenes with PhIO-BF3·Et2O.The reaction features mild conditions,short time and metal-free catalyst.The possible mechanism for the formation of methyl ketones was proposed.H2O functions as both a nucleophile and an oxygen source.     

Studies on Hydroiodination and Deconjugation of 5—Aryloxy—（thiophenyl）—3—pentyn—2—one

One-pot hydroiodination and deconjugation of 5-aryloxy(or thiophenyl)-3-pentyn-2-one with a reagent system of sodium iodide/trimethylsilyl chloride/water in acetonitrile at 25℃ have been described.The plasuible mechanism was discussed.The reaction provided a simple and useful method for the preparation of (Z)-β-substituted β，γ-enones and (Z)-β-substituted α，β-unsaturated ketones.     

Asymmetric reduction of α-hydroxy aromatic ketones to chiral aryl vicinal diols using carrot enzymes system

Asymmetric reduction ofα-hydroxy aromatic ketones was carried out by using carrot enzymes system,yielding corresponding chiral vicinal diols with special functional groups.The optimum reaction conditions were obtained after investigation of various influencing factors.Chiral aryl vicinal diols were produced with good yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses under appropriate conditions.Meanwhile,the steric factors and electronic effects of the substituents on the aromatic ring were shown to have an interesting influence on both yield and enantioselectivity.     

Solid state reactions of nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds (Ⅱ)——Solid state reactions of indole with carbonyl compounds

Solid state Michael addition reaction of indole with α,β-unsaturaled carbonyl compounds was carried out,by which a series of compounds containing three different heterocyclic groups binding to one carbon atom were obtained.In the presence of Lewis acid,indole could undergo the solid state condensation reaction with aromatic ketones and aldehydes or quinones.The solid state reaction showed higher selectivity and yield than solution reaction The structures of products were identified by IR,1H NMR,MS,elemental analysis and X-ray crystal analysis.The reaction mechanism was also proposed.     

PEG-OSO3H as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of β-amino carbonyl compounds via the Mannich reaction in PEG-H2O

Sulfuric acid-modified polyethylene glycol 6000（PEG-OSO₃H） was applied as an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the synthesis ofβ-amino carbonyl compounds via the Mannich reaction between aldehydes,aromatic ketones and aromatic amines at room temperature using PEG400-H₂O（1:1） as environment-friendly solvents.The reactions were completed in short times and mild reaction conditions with good to excellent yields.     

聚乙烯基胺包裹Fe_3O_4@SiO_2磁性微球用于Knoevenagel缩合（英文）

Polyvinyl amine coated Fe3O4@SiO2 composite microspheres with a core‐shell structure were prepared and employed as a magnetic catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation under mild conditions. The catalyst can be readily recovered using a magnet and reused several times without loss in activity or selectivity. The performance of the magnetic base catalyst was compared with that of polyvinyl amine functionalized mesoporous SBA‐15, which showed that the magnetic nanoparticles gave improved reaction rate and yield.     

Chiral Borated Esters in Asymmetric Synthesis： 1. The First Asymmetric Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Spiroborated Esters with an O3BN Framework

The first asymmetric reaction catalyzed by chiral spiroborated esters with an O3BN framework was reported. In the presence of 0.1 equivalent of (R,S)-1 or (S,S)-1, acetophenone was reduced by 0.6 equivalent of borane in THF at 0-5℃ for 2 h to give (R)-1-phenylethanol of up to 76% ee and 73% isolated yield. Influence of reaction conditions on the stereoselectivity of the reduction was investigated and a possible catalytic mechanism of the chiral spiroborated esters toward the reduction was also suggested.     

Michael-Addition Reaction of Malononitrile with α,β-Unsaturated Cycloketones Catalyzed by KF／Al2O3

A series of KF/Al2O3 catalyzed Michael-addition reactions between malononitrile and α,β-unsaturated cycloketones in DMF solution were studied. At room temperature, 2-cyano-3-aryl-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one-2-yl) propionitrile derivatives were synthesized by the reaction between 2-arylmethylidene-1,2,3,4-tetra-hydronaphthalen-1-one and malononitrile. However, if the temperature was increased to 80℃, 2-amino-3-cyano-4-aryl-4H-benzo[h]chromene derivatives were obtained in high yields. When the α,β-unsaturated ketones were replaced by 2,6-biarylmethylidenecyclohexanone or 2,5-biarylmethylidenecyclopentanone, another series of 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives was isolated successfully. The structures of the products were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of Sulfonyl-substituted trans-2,3-Dihydrofuran Derivatives via Reaction of Arsonium Ylides with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

Trans-2,3-dihydrofuran derivatives 3 or 4 substituted with a sulfonyl group were prepared with high chemoselectivity and good yields by [1＋4]-addition reaction of α,β-unsaturated ketones 1 with arsonium bromide 2 in CH2Cl2 in the presence of potassium carbonate at room temperature.The structures of the products were characterized by IR,MS,^1H NMR,elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.A mechanism for the formation of products was also proposed.     

N-磺化手性β-氨基醇修饰的钛试剂催化下的酮的不对称炔基化反应研究

The easily prepared and recoverable chiral N-sulfonylated fl-amino alcohol 2 in combination with Ti（OPr-i）4 was found to be an effective chiral catalyst for the enantioselective addition of alkynylzinc to ketones, which gave the useful products, i.e. chiral tertiary propargyl alcohols, with the ee up to 92%.     

L-脯氨酸催化下甲基酮和1-芳基-2,2,2-三氟乙酮的不对称Aldol反应

Direct asymmetric aldol addition of methyl ketones to 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethanone and its ring-substituted derivatives was achieved using L-proline as a chiral promoter. Various optically active β-trifluoromethyl-β-hydroxy ketones were obtained in almost quantitative yields with moderate enantioselectivities up to 64 % ee.     

Enzymatic Promiscuity： Escherichia coli BioH Esterase-catalysed Aldol Reaction and Knoevenagel Reaction

Esterase BioH,which is obligatory for biotin synthesis in Escherichia coli,was found to exhibit a promiscuous ability to catalyse Aldol and Knoevenagel reactions with moderate to good yields.The reaction conditions including organic solvent,molar ratio of ketone to aldehyde,enzyme amount,and reaction time were investigated to evaluate the effect of different reaction conditions on yield.Target compounds were afforded in the best yield of 91.2％ for Aldol reaction and 54.7％ for Knoevenagel reaction.In addition,because the enzyme could be prepared with a low cost,this protocol could provide an economic route to conduct Aldol and Knoevenagel reactions,which expand the field of enzymatic promiscuity.     

A bifunctional rosin-derived thiourea catalyzed asymmetric tandem reaction and its new mechanism

A direct asymmetric tandem reaction of a-nitro ketones with b g-unsaturated a-ketoesters was found to be catalyzed by a bifunctional rosin-derived thiourea and gave 5-nitro-2-actoxyl-2-pentenates in excellent ee values and yields,a much better result than previously reported.Furthermore,through theoretical analysis,literature research and experimental verifications,a new mechanism involving an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder(IEDDAR) and a retro-Henry reaction was proposed.     

An efficient green synthesis of dispirohydroquinolines via a diastereoselective one-pot eight-component reaction

The one-pot eight-component reaction between Meldrum's acid, an aromatic aldehyde, and an aryl amine was achieved in the presence of citric acid catalyst. The corresponding dispirohydroquino-lines were obtained in good yields with excellent diastereoselectivity. This method is a combination of the Knoevenagel and Michael reactions.