PP-g-(GMA-co-St)对PA6/PC共混物的反应增容作用

用红外、扫描电镜、熔体流动速率和力学性能等测试方法,研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和苯乙烯(St)多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(GMA-co-St)]对PA6/PC共混物的反应增容作用.研究结果表明,在熔融共混过程中,PP-g-(GMA-co-St)中的环氧基与PA6的端氨基及PC的端羟基原位生成的接枝共聚物有效地降低了共混物相间的界面张力,明显提高了共混物相界面的粘着力.少量的PP-g-(GMA-co-St)就能使PA6和PC的相容性得到显著改善.当PP-g-(GMA-co-St)的质量分数为10%时,共混物分散相的相区尺寸细化到0.2μm,其力学性能也有较大提高.PA6/PC/PP-g-(GMA-co-St)共混物的力学性能均衡,达到了弹性体增韧体系难以达到的效果.即使PP-g-(GMA-co-St)组分含量为20%时,共混物仍能保持较好的力学性能,特别是在共混物的韧性得以提高的同时,其强度和伸长率也提高.     

PP—g—（GMA—co—St）对PA6—PC共混合的反应增容作用

用红外、扫描电镜、熔体流动速率和力学性能等测试方法,研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）和苯乙烯（St）多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯PP－g-(GMA-co-St)对PA6－PC共混合的反应增容作用。研究结果表明,在熔融共混过程中,PP－g-(GMA-co-St)中的环氧基与PA6的端氨基及PC的端羟基原位生成的接枝共聚物就有效地降低了共混物相间的界面张力,明显提高了共混物相界面的粘着力。少量的PP－g-(GMA-co-St)就能使PA6和PC的相容性得到显著改善。当PP－g-(GMA-co-St)的质量分数为10％时,共混物分散相的相区尺寸细化到0．2μm,其力学性能也有较大提高。PA6／PC／PP－g-(GMA-co-St)共混物的力学性能均衡,达到了弹性体增韧体系难以达到的效果。即使PP－g-(GMA-co-St)组分含量为20％时,共混物仍能保持较好的力学性能,特别是在共混物地韧性得以提高的同时,其强度和伸长率也提高。     

POE-g-PMAH反应性增容PA1010/PP共混物的性能研究

乙烯-辛烯共聚物-g-聚马来酸酐(POE-g-PMAH)作为反应性增容剂,采用熔体共混的方法制备了PA1010/PP共混物,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和示差扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了POE-g-PMAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,POE-g-PMAH的加入可以减小共混物的相区尺寸,当PA1010/PP/POE-g-PMAH=70/30/15时,分散相尺寸小而均匀;FTIR结果表明接枝在POE上的马来酸酐基团和PA1010在熔融共混期间发生了化学反应;DSC研究结果表明共混体系中PA1010和PP的结晶温度和结晶度随POE-g-PMAH的加入而降低,表明POE-g-PMAH的增容作用对PA1010和PP的结晶有抑制作用.力学性能测试结果表明随着POE-g-PMAH的增加,共混物的冲击强度逐渐增加,当POE-g-PMAH含量增加到15%时,干态冲击强度达到21.13 kJ/m2,是不加增容剂的3.1倍,而拉伸和弯曲强度可以保持较高水平.POE-g-PMAH的增容机理在于其支链中的马来酸酐能与PA1010中的胺基(NH2—)发生化学反应,而主链POE与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

PP/PP-g-MAH/PA6共混物结构与可纺性研究

运用DSC、SEM、纺丝成形等手段研究了增容剂聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐 (PP g MAH)对聚丙烯 聚酰胺 6(PP PA6 )共混物结构和性能的影响 .结果表明 ,共混物呈典型海岛型两相结构 ;增容剂PP g MAH与PA6之间的在位反应改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,使共混物中PA6的热结晶峰消失 ,PP的结晶生长速率和成核速率降低 ,可纺性提高     

PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

为了增加聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯(PA1010/PP)共混物的相容性,提高共混物的力学性能,采用一种新型的反应型增容剂乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯共聚物(PTW)进行增容,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和差示扫描量热(DSC)测试,研究了PTW对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用.结果表明,随着PTW的加入,共混物的相区尺寸明显变小,当PA1010/PP/PTW质量比为70∶30∶7时,分散相尺寸细小而均匀,表明PTW有较好的增容作用.FTIR结果表明,PTW上的环氧基团和PA1010在熔融共混中发生了化学反应.DSC研究结果表明,PA1010的结晶温度随PTW的加入而降低,说明PTW对PA1010结晶有抑制作用.另外,PTW的加入使PP的结晶温度下降,当PTW质量分数为5%时出现2个结晶峰,即出现异相成核结晶和均相成核结晶,PP均相成核结晶的出现从另一个方面说明,在PA1010基体中分散相PP尺寸非常细小.当PTW质量分数为7%时共混物的力学性能最佳,干态冲击强度达到13.93kJ/m2,是未加增容剂时的2倍,拉伸和弯曲性能基本不变.PTW的增容机理在于其分子链中的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯能与PA1010发生化学反应,而乙烯链段与PP有较好的亲和性,从而降低界面张力,减少相区尺寸,大幅度提高力学性能.     

Versify-g-(MAH-co-St)对改善PA6/Versify共混物增韧和均衡其力学性能的影响

使用挤出机对乙丙共聚物Versify2300(乙烯含量12wt%)(V-2300)进行马来酸酐(MAH)和苯乙烯(St)多单体熔融接枝得到接枝物Versify-g-(MAH-co-St)(g-V-2300).通过SEM、FTIR和力学性能测试,研究了g-V-2300对PA6/(V-2300+g-V-2300)(70/30)共混物形态和性能的影响.研究结果表明,随着g-V-2300含量的提高,V-2300分散相粒径不断减小且分散均匀.当g-V-2300比例为25wt%时,分散相尺寸只有0.27μm,此时共混物的izod冲击强度达到324.54J/m,为PA6/(V-2300+g-V-2300)(70/(30+0))共混物的16倍.g-V-2300的加入,显著改善了PA6/(V-2300+g-V-2300)(70/30)共混物的冲击强度,其伸长率,拉伸强度和抗弯强度也得到提高,从而得到具有均衡力学性能的增韧尼龙6合金.     

多组分单体接枝聚丙烯/尼龙6反应共混物结晶行为研究

用多组分熔融接枝的方法将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 (GMA)和苯乙烯 (St)共同接枝到聚丙烯 (PP)上 ,制得具有较高GMA接枝率的多单体接枝聚丙烯 ,PP g (GMA co St) .将PP g (GMA co St)与尼龙 6 (PA6 )进行共混 ,利用扫描电镜 (SEM) ,差示扫描量热计 (DSC)和广角X射线衍射 (WAXD)对共混物的形态和结晶进行了研究 .在共混过程中 ,PP g (GMA co St)与PA6反应原位生成了PP g PA6 ,有效改善了共混物的相容性 ,分散相尺寸明显减小 .在PP g (GMA co St) PA6为 3 7的体系中 ,PP g (GMA co St)出现分级结晶现象 ,其在较低温度下的结晶属于均相成核结晶 .在PP g (GMA co St) PA6为 7 3的体系中 ,由于PA6相分散细微 ,在通常结晶温度下不结晶 ,而是在低温下均相成核与PP g (GMA co St)同时结晶 .WAXD证实体系中接枝PP ,PA6为分别结晶 ,无共晶或新的晶型产生     

马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体在PP/PA6共混物中的作用

研究了马来酸酐接枝热塑性弹性体 (TPEg )作为增容剂对聚丙烯 (PP) 尼龙 6 (PA6 )共混体系的相容性、相态以及物理力学性能的影响 .研究结果表明TPEg的加入大大改善了PP PA6共混体系的相容性 ,且随TPEg含量的增大分散相粒径明显降低 ,共混物的韧性以及延展性大大提高 ,同时拉伸强度及模量仍保持较好的水平 .TPEg增容的PP PA6共混物的非等温结晶行为的研究表明 ,共混物中PP和PA6的结晶行为不同于各自纯的聚合物 ,PA6作为成核剂使PP的结晶温度提高 ;而PA6由于TPEg的加入 ,出现分级结晶现象 ,一级结晶温度略低于纯PA6的结晶温度 ,且随TPEg含量增大结晶受阻 ,二级结晶温度与PP的接近 .由于PP、PA 6以及TPEg之间存在较强的相互作用 ,三元共混物中PP及PA6的玻璃化转变温度分别较其纯聚合物升高 .基于上述结果 ,提出了本共混体系的结构模型     

PBT/POE-g-MAH/PP共混体系的相态结构与性能

采用马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物弹性体(POE-g-MAH)与聚丙烯(PP)在双螺杆挤出机上进行熔融共混,制备了3种新型增韧改性剂.研究了增韧改性剂的种类及其用量对共混物的力学性能、相形态结构、熔融与结晶行为的影响.力学性能测试表明,POE-g-MAH与适量PP并用具有显著的协同增韧作用,当POE-g-MAH与PP的配比为70/30时,所得增韧改性剂(POEg2)具有最佳的增韧效果.当POEg2含量达到15%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度(Is)从纯PBT的7.5 kJ/m2提高到51.2 kJ/m2,与15%的纯POE-g-MAH弹性体增韧PBT具有相近的缺口冲击强度值.同时,共混物的拉伸强度(σb)损失最小.采用AFM和SEM观察发现,新型增韧改性剂作为分散相具有软壳-硬核结构.DSC测试表明,随增韧改性剂中PP含量增加到一定值时,壳-核结构中软壳层出现不完整现象,导致界面作用力减小,共混物的Is和σb都出现明显下降.     

接枝聚乳酸/塑化淀粉共混物的制备与性能研究

为提高聚乳酸(PLA)/淀粉共混物界面作用和降低成本,引入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝聚乳酸和塑化淀粉(TPS),通过挤出和注射成型制备接枝聚乳酸/塑化淀粉共混物(PLA-g-GMA/TPS)。红外光谱分析证实,GMA成功接枝到PLA分子链上。对共混物的力学性能、热机械性能、微观形貌、热性能及亲水性等进行了系统研究,结果表明,选择GMA用量为6%(接枝率为1.51%)和TPS用量为10%时的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率及弹性模量最佳,分别为42.6MPa、8.9%及260MPa。FE-SEM观察结果表明,低含量TPS中颗粒被基体包覆或嵌入,界面平整,界面结合力强。DMA和DSC结果显示,不同质量配比的PLA-g-6%GMA/TPS共混物的Tg、储存模量、结晶度、结晶温度及熔融温度仅在小范围内发生变化。吸水率和接触角结果表明,低含量TPS的共混物吸水率和接触角变化幅度均小于高含量TPS体系。     

尼龙6/多单体接枝聚丙烯合金中的微相分离结构

近年来,有关高聚物微相分离结构的研究不断深入,发现了许多新的微相分离形态.但这些研究几乎全部集中在嵌段或接枝共聚物上,即共聚物本身具有的链结构导致了微相分离结构.     

HIPS／MA接技共聚物对HIPS／PA1010共混体系的增容

制备了高抗冲聚苯乙烯和马来酸酐的接枝共聚物，利用红外光谱，电子能谱和动态力学谱对产物的结构进行了表征，并通过滴定法测定了接枝物中马来酸酐的含量。结果表明马来酸酐接技到了高抗冲聚苯乙烯中顺丁橡胶的分子链上，接技率为４．７％。研究了该接枝共聚物对ＰＡ１０１０／ＨＩＰＳ共混物的增容作用。电镜照片显示，随着共聚物中接枝物含量的增加，分散相相区尺寸明显减小，说明增容效果显著。测定了共混体系的拉伸行为，研究了     

Influence of Reactive Compatibilization on the Melt Flow Properties and Morphology of Polyamide 6/Styrene-Acrylonitrile Blends

Summary: In this study, we investigate the influence of reactive compatibilization on the rheological properties of polyamide 6/styrene-acrylonitrile (PA 6/SAN) blends in the melt. Linear viscoelastic shear oscillations, simple elongation to a large stretch ratio and subsequent recovery experiments were performed. The morphology of the blends was examined by atomic force microscopy. We prepared three PA 6/SAN blends with different composition ratios of PA 6 and SAN (70/30, 50/50, 30/70) and a constant concentration of the reactive agent. Our experiments revealed that reactive compatibilization significantly increases the complex modulus of PA 6/SAN blends at low frequencies. In particular, the data of the PA 6/SAN 50/50 blend and the PA 6/SAN 30/70 blend indicated that an elastic network between neighbouring PA 6 domains was formed. In simple elongation, the transient elongational viscosity of the blends exceeded the values of the single components. In recovery, the recovered stretch of all blends was larger than the recovered stretch of the pure components. The differences of the blend morphology and of the linear viscoelastic behaviour were qualitatively explained by the asymmetric properties of the reactively compatibilized interface.     

Mechanical properties of PA6/PA12 blend specimens prepared by selective laser sintering

The use of polymeric blends can increase the range of structures and properties of selective laser sintering (SLS) parts. This study investigates the processing of a binary polar system using polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 12 (PA12) by SLS. The mixture composition and processing conditions, and their influence on the dynamic mechanical properties of the specimens manufactured were evaluated. The maximum tan δ values suggest that PA6 and PA12 have similar visco-dissipative behavior. The PA6/PA12 blends behavior varied according to the relaxation phenomena of the pure components, proportionally to the blend composition. The creep test showed that blends with a higher amount of PA6 had greater plastic deformation and less elastic recovery. In the fatigue test the 20/80 and 50/50 blends presented good fatigue resistance under the test conditions.     

Photochemical aging of in situ polymerized blends of polystyrene and poly[acrylonitrile-g-(ethylene-co-propylene-co-diene)-g-styrene] (AES)

The influence of photochemical aging of in situ polymerized PS/AES blends on their mechanical properties has been studied. The PS/AES blends were subjected to photochemical aging for 168 h and 720 h. Tensile properties and Izod impact resistance of aged and non-aged samples were evaluated. The mechanical properties of the PS/AES blends are influenced by the polymerization temperature and blend composition and represent a balance between the toughness of EPDM and the stiffness of SAN in the PS matrix. Even though the impact resistance and strain at break of HIPS are higher than those of the PS/AES blends, after the aging period all PS/AES blends showed higher strain at break than HIPS. PS/AES blends present higher photochemical stability than HIPS.     

ABS的MAH/St多单体熔融接枝及其对PA6/ABS共混体系相形态和力学性能的影响

通过多单体熔融接枝的方法制备出了具有较高接枝率的ABS接枝物 (ABS g (MAH co St) ) ,并对其接枝机理进行了初步探讨 .研究表明 ,MAH、St接枝ABS时 ,反应主要发生在ABS中聚丁二烯的双键部位 .同时 ,当MAH与St的用量比约为 1:1时接枝率达到最高 .ABS g (MAH co St)作为尼龙 6 (PA6 ) ABS共混体系相容剂起到了良好的增容效果 .实验证明 ,相容剂使用前后 ,共混物的相区尺寸由几十 μm减小到 1μm以下 ,且分布更加均匀 ;共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度等力学性能也同时得到均衡改善 .     

Maleic Anhydride Polyethylene Octene Elastomer Toughened Polyamide 6/Polypropylene Nanocomposites: Mechanical and Morphological Properties

A series of polyamide 6/polypropylene (PA6/PP) blends and nanocomposites containing 4 wt% of organophilic modified montmorillonite (MMT) were designed and prepared by melt compounding followed by injection molding. Maleic anhydride polyethylene octene elastomer (POEgMAH) was used as impact modifier as well as compatibilizer in the blend system. Three weight ratios of PA6/PP blends were prepared i.e. 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. The mechanical properties of PA6/PP blends and nanocomposite were studied through flexural and impact properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure. The incorporation of 10 wt% POEgMAH into PA6/PP blends significantly increased the toughness with a corresponding reduction in strength and stiffness. However, on further addition of 4 wt% organoclay, the strength and modulus increased but with a sacrifice in impact strength. It was also found that the mechanical properties are a function of blend ratio with 70:30 PA6/PP having the highest impact strength, both for blends and nanocomposites. The morphological study revealed that within the blend ratio studied, the higher the PA6 content, the finer were the POEgMAH particles.     

Friction and wear mechanisms of polyamide 66/high density polyethylene blends

Polyamide 66 (PA66)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends having miscible structure were produced by compatibilization of HDPE grafted with maleic anhydride (HDPE‐g‐MAH). Mechanical and tribological properties of blends in different compositions were tested. It was found that the polymer blends greatly improved the mechanical properties of PA66 and HDPE. Blending HDPE with PA66 significantly decreased the friction coefficient of PA66; the friction coefficients of blends with different compositions were almost the same and approximately equal to that of pure HDPE; the blends with 80 vol % PA66 exhibited the best wear resistance. The transfer films, counterpart surfaces, and wear debris formed during sliding were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis was further carried out on wear debris. These investigations indicated that the thermal control of friction model is applicable to PA66/HDPE blend, that is the friction coefficient of blend is governed by the HDPE component, which possesses a lower softening point relative to the PA66 component in this system. The wear mechanism of PA66/HDPE blend transforms from PA66 to HDPE as the HDPE content increases. PA66, as the component with higher softening point, increases the hardness of blend, enhances the ability of blend to form a transfer film on the counterface, and inhibits the formation of larger belt‐like debris of HDPE, at the same time, the presence of self‐lubricating HDPE in the system decreases the friction coefficient and the frictional heat, all of these factors are favorable for the wear resistance of PA66/HDPE blend. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 2514–2523, 2005