Effect of metal ions on the viscosity of polyacrylamide solution and the mechanism of viscosity degradation

聚丙烯酰胺( HPAM)是油田常用的驱油聚合物,用油田污水配制HPAM溶液易导致其黏度明显降低,影响驱油效果.依据埕东油田污水实测的各种金属阳离子含量来配制HPAM溶液,测得各金属阳离子对其黏度影响由大到小的顺序为:Na+ ＞Fe2+ ＞Ca2+ ＞K+＞ Mg2+;通过红外光谱和扫描电镜分析金属阳离子导致HPAM溶液降黏的机理,Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+主要是通过与HPAM链上的羧酸根阴离子静电引力相互作用,降低HPAM分子表面原有的电荷密度,造成分子链卷曲,同时减弱了极性基团的溶剂化能力,释放大量的“束缚水”,从而使黏度显著降低;Fe2+离子主要是与水中溶解氧共同作用,引发自由基反应,导致HPAM骨架水解断裂,致使黏度显著降低.     

金属组学在急性心肌梗死早期诊断的应用

为探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清中K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mg²⁺含量变化,并研究其与心肌梗死患者之间的关系。选取2022年5月至2023年2月收治的AMI患者37例,同时选取健康体检者35例作为对照组。依据入院时或体检时收集的抽血样本进行临床生化分析,比较两组间血清K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mg²⁺含量,采用判别方程、主成分分析法(PCA),判断分析哪种金属离子对于心肌梗死的诊断价值大。结果表明,AMI患者的血清中Ca²⁺和Fe²⁺含量低于健康对照组,差异具有统计学意义。基于血钙、铁水平两组具有显著性差异,以它们为基础进行判别分析,获得判别函数式。将血清中K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Mg²⁺     

12-钨磷酸及其盐的酸性与催化性能的研究

红外法研究结果表明12-钨磷酸Fe³⁺、Mg²⁺和Na⁺盐都具有L酸点和B酸点。用Benesi法测得10种12-钨磷酸盐的酸强度顺序为(Al³⁺、Fe³⁺、La³⁺、Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺>(Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺>(Na⁺、Li⁺,其酸量与抗衡阳离子的离子势和电负性大体成线性关系。还看出酸量与所含结晶水量有关。催化剂的酸量与其对异丙醇脱水反应和丁烯-1异构化反应的催化活性的关系表现出不同的特征,这可用“体相型”和“表面型”催化作用的不同特点来解释。     

电解质水溶液结构研究进展及前景*

叙述盐湖中主要离子Li⁺ 、Na⁺ 、K⁺ 、Mg²⁺ 、Ca²⁺ 、Cl^- 、SO^2-₄ 、NO^-₃ 的水溶液和纯水的结构, 简单介绍了主要的研究方法, 分析讨论了溶液结构研究的现状和发展前景。     

冠醚对生物化学影响的研究(Ⅲ)——五种冠醚化合物对小麦幼苗根系吸收与运转42K、24Na、45Ca离子的影响

本文用放射性同位素⁴²K、²⁴Na、⁴⁵Ca作示踪,配以P^K、P^Na离子选择电极测量溶液的电导率和电位变化。研究五种冠醚化合物对南大八号小麦幼苗根系吸收与运转无机离子(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca^艹)的作用。实验结果表明,五种冠醚化合物对小麦幼苗根系具有不同程度的促进吸收和加速运转K⁺、Na⁺、Ca^艹的作用,其中以1号冠醚化合物作用最为明显,在K⁺、Na⁺、Ca⁺艹>中对K⁺的作用最为突出。     

金属离子对二甲亚砜依赖的RNA切割型脱氧核酶催化活性的影响

在高浓度有机溶剂中工作的RNA切割型脱氧核酶(RNA-cleaving DNAzyme,RCD)及其构筑的分子器件不仅拓展了DNA作为酶的能力,还可将功能核酸推进新的应用领域.本文研究了一个需要二甲亚砜才能工作的RCD(命名为E3)对金属离子的需求,发现二价金属离子对其催化活性至关重要,活性顺序为Zn²⁺,Mg²⁺>Fe²⁺>Pb²⁺>Mn²⁺>Co²⁺.以Mg²⁺或Zn²⁺为辅因子,表征了E3的速率-pH值关系及其与二者的结合比例.E3的催化速率-pH曲线在Mg²⁺存在下为“钟形”,高速率的pH值范围为7.0～9.0;Zn²⁺存在下为“尖峰”,速率最高时pH=7.0;E3与Mg²⁺和Zn²⁺的数量结合比例均为1∶1.另外,E3以Fe²⁺为辅因子时易失活,Fe²⁺     

毛细管区带电泳同时测定化妆品中的阴阳离子

Natural Sea Beauty系列化妆品富含来自Dead Sea水中的矿物质,对皮肤有较好的治疗和滋养作用.本文采用毛细管区带电泳的技术,电迁移双端进样,5 mmol/L咪唑-2 mmol/L硝酸为背景电解质,以富马酸调至pH 4.1,UV间接测定法(214nm),在6min内同时检测了化妆品中的阴阳离子(K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Cl^-、Br^-),与离子色谱法所得结果进行了对照.此方法可为鉴别不同品牌的化妆品提供一定的依据.     

十二烷基苯磺酸钠和无机阳离子之间相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

研究阴离子表面活性剂和阳离子之间的相互作用对于理解阴离子表面活性剂的沉淀和溶解现象具有十分重要的理论和实际意义,但关于两者相互作用的相关理论模型鲜有报道。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法研究了十二烷基苯磺酸根阴离子(DBS^-)与阳离子(Na⁺, Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺)在溶液内及气/液界面处的相互作用。在溶液内,在两种不同溶液环境中(水相和正十二烷)构建DBS^-/阳离子相互作用模型,并对其进行优化。结果表明, DBS^-能够与阳离子以双齿结构稳定结合。DBS^-与阳离子的结合能不仅取决于参与的无机盐离子种类,还与溶剂的性质有关。在气/液界面处, DBS^-与六个水分子相互作用形成的水合物DBS^-·6H₂O最为稳定。但是,无机盐离子的引入会严重破坏DBS^-·6H₂O水合物的水化层结构。本文定义无量纲参量def用来对水化层结构的变化程度进行评价。无机盐离子对DBS^-·6H₂O水化层结构破坏程度的顺序为:Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ >Na⁺。电荷分析结果表明水化层在十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)头基与阳离子的相互作用中起了重要作用。     

硫化银/凹凸棒的Ag+选择电极

以硝酸银、凹凸棒石和硫代乙酰胺为原料制得硫化银/凹凸棒-Ag₂S/ATT电极,并探讨了硫代乙酰胺配比、增塑剂用量、膜厚度以及溶液pH值等因素对电极性能的影响. 结果表明,新型银离子选择电极有较好的能斯特响应,其响应斜率48.0 mV·decade^-1,Ag⁺浓度线性响应范围1.0×10^-1 ~ 1.0×10^-6 mol·L^-1. 在pH = 2.0 ~ 8.0溶液中该电极电势可稳定72 h,对常见阳离子如Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺等呈现较强的抗干扰能力.     

山西典型无烟煤灰流动性的调控

为满足气化炉液态排渣的要求,考察和比较了CaO、MgO和Fe₂O₃三种助熔剂对山西典型无烟煤煤灰流动性(熔融性和黏温特性)的影响.研究发现,MgO对硅铝比在1.2~2.0的高硅铝煤灰的流动温度降低最有效,其次为CaO和Fe₂O₃,这是由于使用各种助熔剂时生成不同的高温稳定矿物组分造成的.针对三种助熔剂建立了流动温度和完全液相温度的关系式,并得到了CaO和Fe₂O₃含量与流动温度的关系:FT = 1 593-9.573 × w_CaO (R²=0.9429) 和FT =1 576-8.330 6 × w_Fe2O3 (R²=0.955 9),可以用于指导助熔剂的添加.CaO无论从降低黏度数值或降低临界黏度温度都具有最好的效果.Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺的电负性差异和高温下的产物不同是三种助剂对黏度数值影响不同的根本原因; Mg²⁺、Fe²⁺具有较小的离子半径以及单质铁在高温下析出是导致临界黏度温度较高的原因.     

Decationization and dealumination of clinoptilolite tuff and ammonium exchange on acid-modified tuff

The paper presents results of investigation of exchange of the clinoptilolite tuff cations with hydrogen ions from HCl solution of concentration 0.1 mmol cm(-3) and ammonium ions solutions of concentrations 0.0071 to 2.6 mmol cm(-3). Molal concentrations, x (mmol g(-1)) of cations exchanged in acid solution and in ammonium ions solutions were compared with molal concentrations of cations obtained by determination of the cation-exchange capacity of clinoptilolite tuff. The obtained results show that at ammonium ion concentrations lower than 0.1 mmol cm(-3), with regard to exchange capacity for particular ions, best exchanged are Na+ ions, followed by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, while exchange of K+ ions is the poorest (Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+). At ammonium concentrations from 0.2 to 1 mmol cm(-3) the order is Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+. At concentrations higher than 1 mmol cm(-3) the order is Na+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Mg2+. The results are a consequence of the uptake of hydrogen ions by zeolite samples in ammonium ions solutions at concentrations lower than 1 mmol cm(-3) and indicate the importance of Mg2+ (besides Na+ ions) for the exchange between clinoptilolite cations and H+ ions, in contrast to K+ ions, whose participation in the reaction with H+ ions is the lowest. During decationization of the clinoptilolite in acid solution, best exchanged are Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions, while exchange of K+ ions is the poorest. Due to poor exchange of K+ and H+ ions and good exchange of Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions, it is to be assumed that preservation of stability of the clinoptilolite structure is caused by K+ ions present in the channel C. Clinoptilolite is dissolved in the clinoptilolite A and B channels where Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions are present. On the acid-modified clinoptilolite samples, exchange of ammonium ions is poorer than on natural zeolite. The longer the contact time of the zeolite and acid solution, the worse ammonium ions exchange. It can be assumed that H+ ions exchanged with zeolite cations are consumed for solution of aluminum in the clinoptilolite structure; therefore the concentration of H+ ions as exchangeable cations decreases. In the ammonium ion solution at a concentration of 0.0065 mmol cm(-3), from the acid-modified zeolite samples, Al3+ ions are exchanged best, followed by Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ ions. Further to the results, it is to be assumed that exchangeable Al3+ ions available from clinoptilolite dissolution are best exchanged with H+ ions in acid solution.     

Promotion of cyclization of linear pentapeptides and heptapeptide by different univalent metal ions

Univalent metal ions such as Na+, K+ and Cs+ can enhance not only the cyclization yields of some linear pentapeptides and heptapeptide but also their cyclization rates while some bivalent and trivalent metal ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ elevate neither the cyclization yields nor the cyclization rates and some of them prevent the cyclization.     

Rhodamine-derived Schiff base for the selective determination of mercuric ions in water media

A new rhodamine-derived Schiff base (RS) was synthesized and its sensing property to metal ions was investigated by UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Addition of Hg2+ ions to the aqueous solution of RS gave a visual color change as well as significantly fluorescent enhancement, while other ions including Pb2+, Cd2+, Cr3+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Co3+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions did not induce any distinct color/spectral changes, which constituted a Hg2+-selective fluorescent OFF-ON chemosensor. The Hg2+-induced ring-opening of spirolactam of rhodamine in RS resulted in the dual chromo- and fluorogenic observation.     

偏钛酸型锂离子交换剂表面性质与选择吸附性研究

本文采用Li渗入于TiO2经高温热力学重结晶制备偏钛酸型锂离子交换剂,其对碱金属、碱土金属溶液中的Li+ 具有特殊选择吸附性,其次序为Li+>Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+,K+。对交换剂表面性质以及Li+ 在固-液界面的选择吸附特性进行了研究。通过对某气田卤水提锂实验表明:该交换剂对低Li+ 含量卤水中Li+ 的选择性吸附效果显著,对Mg2+、Ca2+、Na+、K+ 的分离效果好,Li+ 的富集倍数达9倍,并具有较好的循环稳定性。     

Fluorescence sensing and binding behavior of aminobenzenesulfonamidoquinolino-beta-cyclodextrin to Zn2+

A water-soluble fluorescent zinc sensor which binds strongly to Zn2+ (log K = 12.4) was successfully synthesized under physiological conditions. This sensor exhibits a good fluorescence response to Zn2+ over a wide pH range in water. Under the same conditions, several metal ions commonly present in a physiological environment, such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Fe2+, and Co2+, showed little interference to the fluorescence response to Zn2+. [structure: see text]     

Effect of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and water coordination on the structure of glycine and zwitterionic glycine

Interactions between metal ions and amino acids are common both in solution and in the gas phase. Here, the effect of metal ions and water on the structure of glycine is examined. The effect of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) and water on structures of Gly.Mn+(H2O)m and GlyZwitt.Mn+(H2O)m (m = 0, 2, 5) complexes have been determined theoretically by employing the hybrid B3LYP exchange-correlation functional and using extended basis sets. Selected calculations were carried out also by means of CBS-QB3 model chemistry. The interaction enthalpies, entropies, and Gibbs energies of eight complexes Gly.Mn+ (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) were determined at the B3LYP density functional level of theory. The computed Gibbs energies DeltaG degrees are negative and span a rather broad energy interval (from -90 to -1100 kJ mol(-1)), meaning that the ions studied form strong complexes. The largest interaction Gibbs energy (-1076 kJ mol(-1)) was computed for the NiGly2+ complex. Calculations of the molecular structure and relative stability of the Gly.Mn+(H2O)m and GlyZwitt.Mn+(H2O)m (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+; m = 0, 2, and 5) systems indicate that in the complexes with monovalent metal cations the most stable species are the NO coordinated metal cations in non-zwitterionic glycine. Divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ prefer coordination via the OO bifurcated bonds of the zwitterionic glycine. Stepwise addition of two and five water molecules leads to considerable changes in the relative stability of the hydrated species. Addition of two water molecules at the metal ion in both Gly.Mn+ and GlyZwitt.Mn+ complexes reduces the relative stability of metallic complexes of glycine. For Mn+ = Li+ or Na+, the addition of five water molecules does not change the relative order of stability. In the Gly.K+ complex, the solvation shell of water molecules around K+ ion has, because of the larger size of the potassium cation, a different structure with a reduced number of hydrogen-bonded contacts. This results in a net preference (by 10.3 kJ mol(-1)) of the GlyZwitt.K+H2O5 system. Addition of five water molecules to the glycine complexes containing divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ results in a net preference for non-zwitterionic glycine species. The computed relative Gibbs energies are quite high (-10 to -38 kJ mol(-1)), and the NO coordination is preferred in the Gly.Mn+(H2O)5 (Mn+ = Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) complexes over the OO coordination.     

亚铁离子对驱油聚合物溶液黏度的影响及其降黏机理

采用NaOH沉淀法去除胜坨油田T28区污水含有的亚铁离子(Fe2+),使配制的聚合物溶液黏度增加,通过红外光谱仪(IR)、荧光光谱仪及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Fe2+的降黏机理进行了分析。 结果表明,采用NaOH沉淀法处理Fe2+含量为5.9 mg/L的污水,控制pH=9,聚合物溶液的黏度可由19.17 mPa·s提高到92.50 mPa·s。 Fe2+使聚合物大分子发生断链,分子间的缔合作用减弱,破坏了分子链间形成的空间网络结构,导致溶液黏度显著降低;当用NaOH处理Fe2+后形成了Fe(OH)2沉淀而析出,同时使聚合物分子链间形成致密的空间网络结构。     

Al3+交联聚合物分子构型及其影响因素

The chemical composition, percolation performace, and microscopic configuration of“intramolecular cross鄄linked”gel systems were investigated by changing the contents of Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ ions and polymer concentration in water solvent. The results show that the viscosity of“intramolecular cross-linked”polymer solution changes not too much with time, but the resistance factor and residual resistance factor are obviously larger than those of the ordinary polymer solution with the same viscosity, and the residual resistance factor is larger than the resistance factor. The contents of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and polymer concentrations will affect the molecular configuration of the cross-linked polymer, in which the effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ is the largest.     

A copper(II) ion-selective on-off-type fluoroionophore based on zinc porphyrin-dipyridylamino

A new copper(II) fluorescent sensor 5,10,15,20-tetra((p-N,N-bis(2-pyridyl)amino)phenyl)porphyrin zinc (1) has been designed and synthesized by the Ullmann-type condensation of bromoporphyrin zinc with 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) under copper powder as a catalyst as well as with K2CO3 as the base in a DMF solution. It consists of two separately functional moieties: the zinc porphyrin performs as a fluorophore, and the dpa-linked-to-zinc porphyrin acts as a selected binding site for metal ions. It displays a high selectivity and antidisturbance for the Cu2+ ion among the metal ions examined (Na+, Mg2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, and Fe3+) and exhibits fluorescence quenching upon the binding of the Cu2+ ion with an "on-off"-type fluoroionophoric switching property. The detection limit is found to be 3.3 x 10(-7) M (3s blank) for Cu2+ ion in methanol solution, and its fluorescence can be revived by the addition of EDTA disodium solution. The design strategy and remarkable photophysical properties of sensor 1 help to extend the development of fluorescent sensors for metal ions.     

Simultaneous separation of nine metal ions and ammonium with nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

A simple and fast method for simultaneous separation of nine metal cations Ni2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ Cd2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+, and NH4+ in methanol is reported. The optimization for separation these 10 cations was achieved by using 0.5% acetic acid and 10 mM imidazole as electrolyte. The effects of water and ionic strength in the sample are discussed. The sensitive detection of transition metal ions was accomplished at 191 nm. The optimized method demonstrated high efficiency and good reproducibility, and was applied successfully to the qualitative and quantitative determination of transition metal ions in water samples, chemical reagents, oral zinc gluconate solution and human plasma.