Essential point spectra of operator matrices trough local spectral theory

For A∈B(X), B∈B(Y) and C∈B(Y,X), let MC be the operator defined on X⊕Y by . In this paper, we study defect set (Σ(A)∪Σ(B))?Σ(MC), where Σ is the Browder spectrum, the essential approximate point spectrum and Browder essential approximate point spectrum. We then give application for Weyl's and Browder's theorems.     

Continuity of spectrum and approximate point spectrum on operator matrices

Let X and Y be given Banach spaces. For A∈B(X), B∈B(Y) and C∈B(Y,X), let MC be the operator defined on X⊕Y by . In this paper we give conditions for continuity of τ at MC through continuity of τ at A and B, where τ can be equal to the spectrum or approximate point spectrum.     

Operators on the space of vector-valued totally measurable functions

Let L(X,Y) stand for the space of all bounded linear operators between real Banach spaces X and Y, and let Σ be a σ-algebra of sets. A bounded linear operator T from the Banach space B(Σ,X) of X-valued Σ-totally measurable functions to Y is said to be σ-smooth if ‖T(fn)Y_‖→0 whenever a sequence of scalar functions (‖fn(⋅)X_‖) is order convergent to 0 in B(Σ). It is shown that a bounded linear operator is σ-smooth if and only if its representing measure is variationally semi-regular, i.e., as An↓∅ (here stands for the semivariation of m on A∈Σ). As an application, we show that the space Lσs(B(Σ,X),Y) of all σ-smooth operators from B(Σ,X) to Y provided with the strong operator topology is sequentially complete. We derive a Banach-Steinhaus type theorem for σ-smooth operators from B(Σ,X) to Y. Moreover, we characterize countable additivity of measures in terms of continuity of the corresponding operators .     

Rank-1 perturbations of cosine functions and semigroups

Let A be the generator of a cosine function on a Banach space X. In many cases, for example if X is a UMD-space, A+B generates a cosine function for each B∈L(D((ω−A)^1/2),X). If A is unbounded and , then we show that there exists a rank-1 operator B∈L(D(γ(ω−A)),X) such that A+B does not generate a cosine function. The proof depends on a modification of a Baire argument due to Desch and Schappacher. It also allows us to prove the following. If A+B generates a distribution semigroup for each operator B∈L(D(A),X) of rank-1, then A generates a holomorphic C₀-semigroup. If A+B generates a C₀-semigroup for each operator B∈L(D(γ(ω−A)),X) of rank-1 where 0<γ<1, then the semigroup T generated by A is differentiable and ‖T^′(t)‖=O(t−α) as t↓0 for any α>1/γ. This is an approximate converse of a perturbation theorem for this class of semigroups.     

Essential approximate point spectra and Weyl's theorem for operator matrices

When A∈B(H) and B∈B(K) are given, we denote by MC the operator acting on the infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space H⊕K of the form . In this paper, it is shown that a 2×2 operator matrix MC is upper semi-Fredholm and ind(MC)?0 for some C∈B(K,H) if and only if A is upper semi-Fredholm and

     

A bilinear version of Orlicz-Pettis theorem

Given three Banach spaces X, Y and Z and a bounded bilinear map , a sequence x=n(xn)⊆X is called B-absolutely summable if is finite for any y∈Y. Connections of this space with are presented. A sequence x=n(xn)⊆X is called B-unconditionally summable if is finite for any y∈Y and z^∗∈Z^∗ and for any M⊆N there exists xM∈X for which _∑n∈M〈B(xn,y),z^∗〉=〈B(xM,y),z^∗〉 for all y∈Y and z^∗∈Z^∗. A bilinear version of Orlicz-Pettis theorem is given in this setting and some applications are presented.     

Elementary operators on self-adjoint operators

Let H be a Hilbert space and let A and B be standard ∗-operator algebras on H. Denote by As and Bs the set of all self-adjoint operators in A and B, respectively. Assume that and are surjective maps such that M(AM^∗(B)A)=M(A)BM(A) and M^∗(BM(A)B)=M^∗(B)AM^∗(B) for every pair A∈As, B∈Bs. Then there exist an invertible bounded linear or conjugate-linear operator and a constant c∈{−1,1} such that M(A)=cTAT^∗, A∈As, and M^∗(B)=cT^∗BT, B∈Bs.     

The intersection of left (right) spectra of 2 × 2 upper triangular operator matrices

When A∈B(H) and B∈B(K) are given, we denote by M_C the operator matrix acting on the infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space H⊕K of the form In this paper, for given A and B, the sets and ?_C∈Inv(K,H)σ_l(M_C) are determined, where σ_l(T),B_l(K,H) and Inv(K,H) denote, respectively, the left spectrum of an operator T, the set of all the left invertible operators and the set of all the invertible operators from K into H.     

A note on Browder spectrum of operator matrices

When A∈B(H) and B∈B(K) are given, we denote by MC the operator acting on the Hilbert space H⊕K of the form . In this note, it is shown that the following results in [Hai-Yan Zhang, Hong-Ke Du, Browder spectra of upper-triangular operator matrices, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 323 (2006) 700-707]

     

Continuous spectrum, point spectrum and residual spectrum of operator matrices

Let M_C denote a 2 × 2 upper triangular operator matrix of the form , which is acting on the sum of Banach spaces X⊕Y or Hilbert spaces H⊕K. In this paper, the sets and ?_C∈B(K,H)σ_r(M_C) are, respectively, characterized completely, where σ_c(·) denotes the continuous spectrum, σ_p(·) denotes the point spectrum and σ_r(·) denotes the residual spectrum. Moreover, some corresponding counterexamples are given.     

Cells in hyperspaces

Let C(X) denote the hyperspace of subcontinua of a continuum X. For A∈C(X), define the hyperspace . Let k∈N, k?2. We prove that A is contained in the core of a k-od if and only if C(A,X) contains a k-cell.     

Isomorphisms between unital C-algebras

It is shown that every almost linear bijection of a unital C^∗-algebra A onto a unital C^∗-algebra B is a C^∗-algebra isomorphism when h(n²uy)=h(n²u)h(y) for all unitaries u∈A, all y∈A, and n=0,1,2,…, and that almost linear continuous bijection of a unital C^∗-algebra A of real rank zero onto a unital C^∗-algebra B is a C^∗-algebra isomorphism when h(n²uy)=h(n²u)h(y) for all , all y∈A, and n=0,1,2,…. Assume that X and Y are left normed modules over a unital C^∗-algebra A. It is shown that every surjective isometry , satisfying T(0)=0 and T(ux)=uT(x) for all x∈X and all unitaries u∈A, is an A-linear isomorphism. This is applied to investigate C^∗-algebra isomorphisms between unital C^∗-algebras.     

Open selections on smooth fans

Given a dendroid X, an open selection is an open map such that s(A)∈A for every A∈C(X). We show that a smooth fan X admits an open selection if and only if X is locally connected.     

Continuity of the spectrum on a class of upper triangular operator matrices

Let B(H) denote the algebra of operators on an infinite dimensional complex Hilbert space H, and let A^○∈B(K) denote the Berberian extension of an operator A∈B(H). It is proved that the set theoretic function σ, the spectrum, is continuous on the set C(i)⊂B(Hi) of operators A for which σ(A)={0} implies A is nilpotent (possibly, the 0 operator) and at every non-zero λ∈σp(A^○) for some operators X and B such that λ∉σp(B) and σ(A^○)={λ}∪σ(B). If CS(m) denotes the set of upper triangular operator matrices , where Aii∈C(i) and Aii has SVEP for all 1?i?m, then σ is continuous on CS(m). It is observed that a considerably large number of the more commonly considered classes of Hilbert space operators constitute sets C(i) and have SVEP.     

Orthogonality of matrices

Let X be a real finite-dimensional normed space with unit sphere S_X and let L(X) be the space of linear operators from X into itself. It is proved that X is an inner product space if and only if for A,C∈L(X)

     

Browder spectra for upper triangular operator matrices

When A∈B(H) and B∈B(K) are given, we denote by MC the operator acting on the infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space H⊕K of the form . In this paper, we prove that

     

Retractions and contractibility in hyperspaces

Given a metric continuum X, let X² denote the hyperspace of all nonempty closed subsets of X. For each positive integer k let Ck(X) stand for the hyperspace of members of X² having at most k components. Consider mappings (where B∈Cm(X)) and both defined by A?A∪B. We give necessary and sufficient conditions under which these mappings are deformation retractions (under a special convention for φB). The conditions are related to the contractibility of the corresponding hyperspaces.     

Maps preserving the nilpotency of products of operators

Let B(X) be the algebra of all bounded linear operators on the Banach space X, and let N(X) be the set of nilpotent operators in B(X). Suppose ?:B(X)→B(X) is a surjective map such that A,B∈B(X) satisfy AB∈N(X) if and only if ?(A)?(B)∈N(X). If X is infinite dimensional, then there exists a map f:B(X)→C?{0} such that one of the following holds:

(a)

There is a bijective bounded linear or conjugate-linear operator S:X→X such that ? has the form A?S[f(A)A]S^-1.

(b)

The space X is reflexive, and there exists a bijective bounded linear or conjugate-linear operator S : X′ → X such that ? has the form A ? S[f(A)A′]S⁻¹.

If X has dimension n with 3 ? n < ∞, and B(X) is identified with the algebra M_n of n × n complex matrices, then there exist a map f:M_n→C?{0}, a field automorphism ξ:C→C, and an invertible S ∈ M_n such that ? has one of the following forms:

     

The intersection of essential approximate point spectra of operator matrices

When A∈B(H) and B∈B(K) are given, we denote by MC the operator acting on the infinite-dimensional separable Hilbert space H⊕K of the form . In this paper, it is shown that there exists some operator C∈B(K,H) such that MC is upper semi-Fredholm and ind(MC)?0 if and only if there exists some left invertible operator C∈B(K,H) such that MC is upper semi-Fredholm and ind(MC)?0. A necessary and sufficient condition for MC to be upper semi-Fredholm and ind(MC)?0 for some C∈Inv(K,H) is given, where Inv(K,H) denotes the set of all the invertible operators of B(K,H). In addition, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for MC to be upper semi-Fredholm and ind(MC)?0 for all C∈Inv(K,H).     

Multiplicatively range-preserving maps between Banach function algebras

Let A and B be two Banach function algebras on locally compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y, respectively. Let T be a multiplicatively range-preserving map from A onto B in the sense that (TfTg)(Y)=(fg)(X) for all f,g∈A. We define equivalence relations on appropriate subsets and of X and Y, respectively, and show that T induces a homeomorphism between the quotient spaces of and by these equivalence relations. In particular, if all points in the Choquet boundaries of A and B are strong boundary points, then and are equal to the Choquet boundaries of A and B, respectively, and moreover, there exist a continuous function h on the Choquet boundary of B taking its values in {−1,1} and a homeomorphism φ from the Choquet boundary of B onto the Choquet boundary of A such that Tf(y)=h(y)f(φ(y)) for all f∈A and y in the Choquet boundary of B. For certain Banach function algebras A and B on compact Hausdorff spaces X and Y, respectively, we can weaken the surjectivity assumption and give a representation for maps belonging 2-locally to the family of all multiplicatively range-preserving maps from A onto B.