太阳宇宙线的传播效应

应用电子计算机计算了太阳宇宙线在均匀并无限的行星际介质中传播的各向异性扩散对流方程的量纲分析解.本文介绍利用Jokipii扩散系数计算的结果,只讨论太阳风对流对太阳宇宙线事件上升至极大时间及峰强度的影响,并且考虑了太阳共旋效应.模型很好地说明事件传播特性随其源耀斑相对于过地球的行星际磁力线的太阳经度的变化,上升时间的理论曲线很符合于自相对论能量至大约30 Mev的中能事件的观测结果.     

封底照片说明

这是由美国宇航局的太阳动力学观测卫星拍摄到的太阳爆发,利用电脑对照片进行制作的拼图,图片展示了不同波长观测条件下看到的太阳表面。这次太阳爆发的高度达到144km,证明所谓的"磁辫"将出现爆发的区域的温度加热     

太阳射电爆发中图像网纹消除的小波NeighShrink方法

绝大多数观测得到的太阳爆发数据中均含有大量的噪声,这给数据的后续处理带来极大的困难。文章分析和研究了NeighShrink阈值函数的特点以及邻域窗口大小的选择依据,在此基础上提出了一种新的小波NeighShrink平方根阈值方法用于图像去噪。首先对太阳爆发灰度图中的每一通道作了规范化处理,在一定程度上去除由于通道间的差异造成的横条纹,然后将预处理后的图像进行小波分解,采用小波Neigh-Shrink平方根阈值函数对其小波系数作阈值处理,最后利用小波反变换恢复图像。实验结果表明该方法可以有效地实现去除干扰、增强有用信息的目的。     

太阳极紫外He Ⅱ 30.4 nm谱线层析成像及其光谱数据反演

由磁场重联触发的发生在日冕和过渡区域上的具有高度动态的太阳爆发活动是灾害性空间天气的驱动源,对太阳爆发活动的空间成像和光谱分光测量是实现精准空间天气预报的关键数据来源.太阳大气上单离子氦的Lyman a跃迁产生波长30.4 nm的He Ⅱ共振谱线,相比于邻近的谱线强度至少高一个数量级,因此能用来观测太阳爆发事件中的物质流动和能量输运过程.本文针对传统的太阳极紫外成像仪和成像光谱仪的缺陷,利用光线追迹方法设计了一款工作在He Ⅱ 30.4 nm波长处的二维光谱层析成像仪器,采用无狭缝的3个级次(–1, 0,+1)同时衍射成像架构,单次快照可实现大视场的二维光谱瞬时成像.由于3个级次图像的空间信息和光谱信息混叠,利用有限层析投影角度的光谱数据反演算法,重构了观测目标的三维数据立方体Ⅰ (x, y,λ).     

西藏地面太阳总辐射与紫外线的观测

地面太阳光谱记录了太阳光经历大气层的烙印与信息,为大气环境、生态保护等研究提供实地依据。西藏高原空气稀薄,地面太阳辐射超强,观测西藏地面太阳光谱为太阳能利用提供实地数据。文章较系统地报道了西藏地面太阳光谱的实地观测结果,为相关高原科学研究提供高精度数据。利用RAMSES光谱仪、CMP6太阳总辐射仪和NILU-UV太阳紫外辐射仪对西藏不同地区、不同季节太阳光谱、太阳总辐射和太阳紫外线进行了全方位的实地观测研究。观测研究了高海拔的西藏拉萨和那曲以及低海拔的北京和成都的光谱特征;研究了拉萨二分二至当地正午（北京时间13:55时）太阳光谱观测结果;对西藏地面光谱与AM1.5和AM0标准光谱进行了对比研究。观测研究了西藏拉萨和那曲太阳总辐射、太阳紫外线强度特征。研究发现拉萨夏季可见和红外区光谱光强度甚至超过AM0光谱相应波长的强度,即：拉萨地面可见光和红外光强度偶尔超过大气层顶部的相应波长光强,是由部分云的反射增量所致;拉萨光谱谱峰出现在波长476.6 nm左右,在2017年的夏至观测到的最大值为2.331 W·m-2·nm-1。然而,对太阳紫外线（280～400 nm）光谱的观测发现地面太阳紫外区的光谱强度总是明显低于AM0光谱相应区光强,表明短波的紫外光被大气臭氧有效吸收。虽然拉萨海拔3 680 m,但通过对拉萨当地正午太阳紫外光谱分析发现拉萨地面波长小于300 nm的太阳紫外光谱强度几乎为零,表明波长小于300 nm的太阳紫外线被大气层吸收,没有到达地面。同时,研究了西藏高海拔太阳光谱与北京、成都低海拔太阳光谱特征,揭示了各地大气成分、含量等诸多信息。报道了2010年7月-2013年12月期间西藏太阳总辐射的观测结果;结果显示拉萨当日太阳总辐射最大值中约18%超过了太阳常数（1 367 W·m-2）。观测发现拉萨太阳总辐射瞬时最大值达到了1 756.09 W·m-2（2011年6月24日）。报道了2008年7月-2013年12月期间西藏太阳紫外线的观测结果;结果显示拉萨和那曲UVA日最大值平均值约为67 W·m-2,UVB日最大值平均值约为5.1 W·m-2;拉萨和那曲当日太阳紫外线A和紫外线B最大值变化趋势保持了很好的一致性,在5年多的观测期间紫外线强度没有出现明显的增强或减弱趋势。     

Time-Dependent Stokes Shift from Solvent Dielectric Relaxation

在单球点偶极近似下,用介电响应函数以及非平衡溶剂化能新表达形式,用随时间变化的溶剂化能计算Stokes频移响应函数. 在推导过程中利用了极化强度与介电响应函数之间的关系. 该方法应用于香豆素343的水溶液体系得到计算结果与Jimenez的实验结果吻合.     

太阳远紫外在临近空间的辐射特性研究

太阳远紫外辐射是临近空间能量输入的主要来源之一,临近空间环境对太阳爆发活动的响应是有待深化研究的重要科学问题。对太阳远紫外在中高层大气的辐射特性进行研究,是研究临近空间大气成分与密度变化、光化学反应以及动力学过程的重要基础。利用FISM2耀斑模型计算的远紫外数据和MSIS-E-00模型提供的地球中高层大气数据,将120～190 nm的太阳远紫外辐射分为7段,使用基于Lambert-Beer定律的大气辐射传输方法进行数值模拟。选取2010年1月至2020年12月共11年间的150组耀斑数据,利用时间滞后互相关(TLCC)评估了太阳远紫外辐射和软X射线的耀斑峰值时间差,使用最小二乘法(LS)计算了二者的耀斑峰值流量关系,然后利用大气辐射传输方法计算了耀斑爆发时太阳远紫外在临近空间(20～100 km)的光谱特性、流量变化以及加热率变化,最后计算了太阳远紫外辐射在地球大气中的沉积情况。计算结果表明,在太阳耀斑爆发过程中,远紫外辐射的流量出现明显变化,流量峰值比软X射线提前240 s左右;远紫外辐射与软X射线的流量峰值近似线性相关,大于140 nm波段的系数随波长的增加而增大;在20～100 ...     

脉冲激光偏振特性用于目标的探测识别

针对光电探测时仅用强度来处理信息的局限性,通过理论分析,提出一种利用脉冲激光反射、散射偏振态时间、空间相关检测的方法,可以克服由于强度差过小带来的目标检测上的困难.利用分析结论,通过计算偏振分布密度函数(Stokes矢量的概率密度函数),进一步讨论了偏振传递函数的特性,用于识别目标,并给出了计算实例.     

脉冲激光偏振特性用于目标的探测识别

针对光电探测时仅用强度来处理信息的局限性,通过理论分析,提出一种利用脉冲激光反射、散射偏振态时间、空间相关检测的方法,可以克服由于强度差过小带来的目标检测上的困难.利用分析结论,通过计算偏振分布密度函数(Stokes矢量的概率密度函数),进一步讨论了偏振传递函数的特性,用于识别目标,并给出了计算实例.     

可见到近红外波段整层大气光谱透过率的测量研究

利用太阳光谱辐射计进行了可见到近红外波段整层大气连续光谱透过率的测量研究.在对太阳辐射计可靠定标的条件下,通过测量太阳直射光谱,运用Langley方法推算到达大气层顶的太阳辐射,最终获得了该波段范围内的连续大气光谱透过率及特殊波长上的透过率的实际变化情况.通过分析晴天无云大气条件下不同时间、不同气溶胶含量、不同季节、不同气溶胶模式下的大气透过率特征,初步获得了其变化规律,为大气层外目标探测提供了一些基础.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.