PM-81大功率发射型压电材料及元件通过技术鉴定

由万宝集团超声电子研究所和广州市职工电子超声研究所共同研制的PM-81大功率发射型压电陶瓷材料及元件,于1989年9月20目在广州市市科委主持下通过了技术鉴定。鉴定会有来自上海、南京、武汉及广州等地的专家、教授等80多名代表参加。 在听取了各项有关报告、审查了全部鉴定技术文件并经充分讨论后,与会代表认为PM-81 大功率发射型压电材料性能优良,其压电与介电性能均达到国际同类材料(如美国Vernitron公司的PZT-8型及荷兰Philips公司的PXG-43型压电材料)80年代     

宏声声学器材厂生产压电陶瓷材料

河北省保定市宏声声学器材厂（原化新压电陶瓷器件厂）生产的PMN压电材料，其配方于1987年通过了由声学专家组成的省级技术鉴定．这是一种高KP，高介电常数，低Q。的压电材料，适用于接收型换能器．该厂目前已形成PMN、PZT等四大系列产品的生产能力：1．用P（ZTNU七；压电材料制造的油田声波测井YTG－l－7型高温测井压电陶瓷换能元件，测井时可发射、接收并用，从室温到20OC高温，机电转换率的变化率＜6％．2．用于接收的PMN压电材料及FTD蜂鸣片产品，适用于仪器仪表，传感器，电话机及讯响器．3．大功率发射型材料PZT－8，适…     

高温压电材料、器件与应用

作为重要的功能材料,压电材料已经在国民经济的多个领域里有着重要应用.随着现代工业的快速发展,特别是新能源、交通和国防工业的高速发展,功能材料的应用已经从常规使用转向极端环境下的服役.本文综述了具有高居里点的压电材料,包括钙钛矿型压电陶瓷、铋层状结构氧化物压电陶瓷、钨青铜结构压电陶瓷以及非铁电压电单晶等;介绍了其晶体结构特征和高温压电性能、最新研究进展,并列举了一系列的高温压电器件和应用,包括高温压电探测器、传感器、换能器和驱动器等.另外,本文总结了高温压电材料的热点研究问题,并展望了今后的发展方向.     

压电超声乳化装置

随着工业的发展,能源消耗与日俱增,环境污染日益严重,世界各国都在寻找节约燃油、减少环境污染的途径,燃油掺水燃烧是目前国内外正在积极研究的方法之一.为研究内燃机使用柴油掺水乳化液的经济效果、动力性能和排气污染,我们研制了Ⅰ型压电超声乳化器.它由压电换能器及变幅杆振动系统、乳化腔和自动频率跟踪超声频电源组成.其特点是体积小、重量轻、单机功率容量大,可以进行连续处理.     

多基元聚焦空气耦合超声换能器*

文中针对空气耦合超声换能器及其在表面缺陷检测中的应用开展了研究。选用1-3型压电复合材料及双匹配层结构来实现超声换能器压电材料与空气之间声阻抗的逐渐过渡,提高压电材料/空气界面的声能量透射率进而提高空气耦合超声换能器的灵敏度。在此基础上研发制作了440 kHz多基元聚焦空气耦合超声换能器,并对其性能进行了测试。其焦距、焦宽及焦深分别为41.44 mm、1.14 mm和20.30 mm,灵敏度和带宽分别为-50 d B和20.2%。测试结果表明该空气耦合超声换能器具有优良的性能,利用该超声换能器可以有效检测材料表面缺陷。     

压电复合材料及其在换能器中的应用

本文评述了压电复合材料的性能、特点和研究概况,对这种新型压电材料在水听器及其他换能器方面的应用作了较多介绍。     

稀土元素La掺杂对AlN性能影响的第一性原理研究

本文通过基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法研究了稀土元素La掺杂对纤锌矿结构AlN力学性能及压电性能的影响.计算得到的AlN各项力学性能及压电性能与实验值较吻合.掺杂稀土元素La会降低其体模量、剪切模量与杨氏模量,但会使AlN由脆性材料转变为韧性材料.压电性能计算结果表明,掺杂稀土元素La后,可使体系的压电性能提升15%左右.电子结构分析结果表明La的引入会降低体系中化学键的作用强度,从而提升了体系的塑性及压电性能.     

改进型1-3压电复合材料结构参数对其谐振性能的影响

研究了水声换能器用的1-3改进型(称1-3-2型)压电复合材料的结构参数(陶瓷体积分数)对其谐振性能的影响.1-3-2型压电复合材料是由1-3型复合材料和陶瓷基底两部分组成,利用Newnham串并联理论、均匀场理论和混合定律,得到1-3-2型复合材料的压电方程,从而推导出1-3-2型复合材料的各项等效性能参数,并通过实验对频率常数、机电耦合系数和声阻抗等参数的理论推导进行了验证,实验结果与理论计算符合较好。     

Y型夹心式压电超声变压器的设计

提出了Y型夹心式压电超声变压器,基于耦合振动理论和力电类比原理,建立了变压器的机电等效电路模型,推导得到了其共振/反共振频率方程、电压增益和功率增益表达式。通过等效电路法、有限元仿真和实验研究了该变压器的功率传输特性和机电转换特性。结果表明,在共振模式下, Y型夹心式压电超声变压器的输入机电阻抗最小,电压增益和功率增益最大,有望作为双通道压电变压器应用于电子领域。     

钹型换能器的优化设计*

本文研究的钹型换能器,是由一个压电陶瓷圆环和一个金属浅球壳组成。为了得到这种钹型换能器的解析解和它在不同介质中的机电性能。首先,根据前人得出的压电陶瓷圆环和金属浅球壳的理论模型,用等效电路法从理论上计算出了该换能器的共振频率并与仿真结果做了对比,发现二者近似吻合,验证了理论计算的可靠性,为这种钹型换能器的优化设计提供了理论指导。然后利用COMSOL Multiphysics分别模拟了压电陶瓷为圆盘和圆环的钹型换能器的共振频率,仿真结果表明：同等条件下,当圆环的外径和圆盘的半径相等时,压电陶瓷为圆环的钹型换能器共振频率更低,使其具有频率低、体积小的特点更加明显。利用数值方法,分析了钹型换能器的几何尺寸对其共振频率、反共振频率及有效机电耦合系数的影响。最后模拟了钹型换能器在水中的机电特性及声压分布。     

一种压电超声波物料输送器*

利用压电陶瓷元件具有良好声电转换特性和输出特性,本文提出了一种新型结构的压电超声波物料输送器。设计了超声波物料输送器的结构并分析了其工作原理,采用纵扭复合型压电换能器为驱动源,对压电换能器进行了结构设计和参数计算,并对其进行了性能测试。由此研制出了压电超声波输送器的样机并进行了试验测试,结果表明:当频率为17.9 kHz–18.6 kHz时,输送器具有输送物料能力。驱动负载为1.5 kg时系统的谐振频率为18.3 kHz,输送速度最快,达到64个/min。随着电源输出功率的增大输送物料速度呈线性增加。该输送器的稳定性好,噪声低。与压电片式和电磁式输送器噪声进行对比,超声波输送器的工作噪声仅为31 dB,略小于压电片式,远小于电磁式。     

弛豫铁电单晶的研究进展—压电效应的起源研究

由于具有优异的压电性能,弛豫铁电单晶自上世纪90年代问世以来即成为了铁电压电领域研究的热点材料,并被认为是研发下一代高性能换能器、传感器等器件的重要压电材料。弛豫铁电单晶不但压电常数可达2500 pC/N,约为软性Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT)陶瓷的5倍,而且其电致应变滞后也远小于软性PZT陶瓷。因此,弛豫铁电单晶高压电性能的产生机理一直是铁电压电领域的研究热点。本文主要介绍了弛豫铁电单晶材料在近些年的发展,从本征压电效应(晶格压电畸变)的角度归纳总结了弛豫铁电单晶高压电效应的产生机理,着重探讨了弛豫铁电单晶的重要特点—剪切压电效应。在本征效应的基础上,本文对弛豫铁电单晶压电效应与晶体组分、切向以及温度的关系进行了分析。需要指出的是,目前基于本征角度对弛豫铁电单晶高压电效应的分析仍处于定性的阶段,因而还不能完全排除一些可能导致弛豫铁电单晶高压电效应的非本征物理机制。     

Review of the design of power ultrasonic generator for piezoelectric transducer

The power ultrasonic generator (PUG) is the core device of power ultrasonic technology (PUT), and its performance determines the application of this technology in biomedicine, semiconductor, aerospace, and other fields. With the high demand for sensitive and accurate dynamic response in power ultrasonic applications, the design of PUG has become a hot topic in academic and industry. However, the previous reviews cannot be used as a universal technical manual for industrial applications. There are many technical difficulties in establishing a mature production system, which hinder the large-scale application of PUG for piezoelectric transducers. To enhance the performance of the dynamic matching and power control of PUG, the studies in various PUT applications have been reviewed in this article. Initially, the demand design covering the piezoelectric transducer application and parameter requirements for ultrasonic and electrical signals is overall summarized, and these parameter requirements have been recommended as the technical indicators of developing the new PUG. Then the factors affecting the power conversion circuit design are analyzed systematically to realize the foundational performance improvement of PUG. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of key control technologies have been summarized to provide some different ideas on how to realize automatic resonance tracking and adaptive power adjustment, and to optimize the power control and dynamic matching control. Finally, several research directions of PUG in the future have been prospected.     

铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷纵振换能器*

高性能环境友好型无铅压电陶瓷及其应用是当前压电材料研究的热点之一,为了探究其在水声换能器领域的应用潜力,该文对铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷和锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷纵振式换能器进行了对比研究。依据仿真结果优化结构尺寸,制作了两种换能器样机并测试了其在空气中和水中的电声性能。测试结果表明,铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷换能器的谐振频率为35kHz,最大发送电压响应为 151dB,声源级可达 190dB,在 26kHz~67kHz 的频率范围内发送电压响应的起伏不超过±4.5dB,谐振频率处-3dB 的指向性开角约为 76°。该无铅压电陶瓷换能器具有和锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷换能器相当的发射性能,有望推动无铅压电材料在水声换能器领域的应用进程。     

超磁致伸缩材料及其应用研究

稀土超磁致伸缩材料是一种新型稀土功能材料．文章概述了超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)的研究历史；对比了一种实用的超磁致伸缩材料(Terfenol-D)和压电陶瓷材料(PZT)的性能；阐述了超磁致伸缩材料当前在以下两个方面取得的研究进展：(1)关于工艺方法的研究：包括直拉法、区熔法、布里奇曼法和粉末烧结、粘结等方法；(2)关于材料组分的研究：包括对Fe原子的替代研究以及开发轻稀土超磁致伸缩材料的研究．文章最后叙述了超磁致伸缩材料的应用领域，以及发展我国稀土超磁致伸缩材料的意义．     

性能可调的纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆*

提出了一种基于压电效应的性能可调纵向振动圆锥形超声变幅杆,并对其振动性能进行了研究。该变幅杆由传统的圆锥形超声变幅杆和压电陶瓷材料组合而成。论文研究了圆锥变幅杆中压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置以及电阻抗的改变对变幅杆性能参数的影响,并进行了数值模拟仿真及实验验证。结果表明,通过改变压电陶瓷材料的厚度、位置和电阻抗值,可以实现变幅杆共振频率和位移放大系数的改变。理论计算结果与数值模拟值和实验测试值符合得很好。     

Effects of coupled vibrations on the acoustical performance of underwater cylindrical shell transducers

An experimental investigation of the effects of coupled vibrations on the acoustical performance of underwater transducers made from radially polarized, thin walled, air-backed, piezoelectric cylinders as a function of their height-to-diameter aspect ratio is presented. Characteristics of the frequency response, directivity patterns, and effectiveness of the transducers are considered in comparison with analogous characteristics for the transducers comprised of mechanically separated rings, otherwise having the same geometry. Recommendations are made on the application of cylindrical piezoelectric elements with different aspect ratios for underwater transducer applications.     

Mechanoelectrical transformations in heterogeneous materials with piezoelectric inclusions

Mechanoelectrical transformations are studied on models with different geometries and piezoelectric inclusion concentrations. The electrical signal intensity is found to decrease with increasing depth of a piezoelectric source relative to the position of an electrical signal detector. The electrical signal is the difference between signals from the unlikely charged surfaces of the piezoelectric source being deformed by an acoustic excitation wave. The spectral amplitudes of electrical signals coming from different regions of one sample and from identical (in composition) samples containing a large amount of piezoelectric inclusions differ considerably. This difference is due to the random orientation of the quartz piezoelectric axes relative to the electrical detector. Therefore, nondestructive mechanoelectrical techniques for inspection of heterogeneous materials with piezoelectric inclusions must use amplitude-independent criteria.     

Nonlinear dynamics of a bistable piezoelectric-composite energy harvester for broadband application

The continuing need for reduced power requirements for small electronic components, such as wireless sensor networks, has prompted renewed interest in recent years for energy harvesting technologies capable of capturing energy from ambient vibrations. A particular focus has been placed on piezoelectric materials and devices due to the simplicity of the mechanical to electrical energy conversion and their high strain energy densities compared to electrostatic and electromagnetic equivalents. In this paper an arrangement of piezoelectric layers attached to a bistable asymmetric laminate is investigated experimentally to understand the dynamic response of the structure and power generation characteristics. The inherent bistability of the underlying structure is exploited for energy harvesting since a transition from one stable configuration to another, or “snap-through”, is used to repeatedly strain the surface bonded piezoelectric and generate electrical energy. This approach has been shown to exhibit high levels of power extraction over a wide range of vibrational frequencies. Using high speed digital image correlation, a variety of dynamic modes of oscillation are identified in the harvester. The sensitivity of such modes to changes in vibration frequency and amplitude are investigated. Power outputs are measured for repeatable snap-through events of the device and are correlated with the measured modes of oscillation. The typical power generated is approximately 3.2?mW, comparing well with the needs of typical wireless senor node applications.