生物抗氧化剂的研究——Ⅴ.维生素E、维生素C及其脂溶性衍生物在胶束中对亚油酸自动氧化的抗氧化作用

本文研究了维生素E、维生素C及其脂溶性衍生物L-抗坏血酸-6-辛酸酯、6-月桂酸酯和6-棕榈酸酯在负离子胶束SDS,非离子胶束Triton X-100和正离子胶束CTAB中对亚油酸自动氧化的抗氧化作用,讨论了抗氧化剂的亲脂性及胶束对抗氧化活性的影响。     

分光光度法研究麝香草酚蓝与吐温-80的相互作用

1　引　　言随着胶束增溶光度法的发展 ,分析工作者对显色剂和表面活性剂之间的相互作用进行了较多的研究。但现有的研究多集中于染料与电性相反的离子型表面活性剂的相互作用 ,而对胶束与显色剂的络合能力缺乏深入的定量研究。本文就上述的问题 ,研究了非离子表面活性剂Ｔｗｅｅｎ 80胶束与麝香草酚蓝 (ＴＢ)的胶束结合作用 ,测定了它们之间的结合常数 ,探讨了它们的反应机理。2　实验部分2 .1　试剂与仪器　麝香草酚蓝 (ＴＢ)为分析纯试剂 ;Ｔｗｅｅｎ 80 (上海大众制药厂 ,药典标准 ) ;不同ｐＨ硼砂 氢氧化钠缓冲溶液 ;所用试剂为分析纯 …     

胶束体系中光敏聚合的研究 Ⅴ.离子型二苯酮在不同离子型胶束中光化学行为

采用水溶性光敏剂——对苯甲酰苄基磺酸钠(BP^-)和对苯甲酰苄基三乙基溴化铵(BP⁺)同二苯酮(BP)进行了对比研究。瞬态和稳态光谱的结果表明:BP⁺,BP^-分别处于十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)阴离子胶束和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)阳离子胶束的Stern层,它们在匀相和非匀相体系中的光物理和光化学性质与BP相同。测定了它们在不同离子型胶束体系中的光还原反应速度,结果表明,离子型二苯酮BP⁺和BP^-比中性的BP具有更高的反应活性,它们在不同离子型胶束体系中,由于静电相互作用,光还原速度显著不同,在合适的条件下,离子型Bp⁺和BP^-在胶束中的光还原速度比中性BP高几十倍以上。另外对胺的疏水性的影响也进行了考察。     

高分子胶束化的新途径及胶束的结构演化

简述了嵌段共聚物和接枝共聚物在选择性溶剂中的胶束化行为，详细讨论了导致高分子胶束化的一些新途径，如利用特殊相互作用（氢键、离子相互作用 高分子／金属离子配合络合）、改变温度、介质环境和化学反应诱导等；并对高分子胶束结构的进一步演化以获得核交联和壳交联胶束作了简要的介绍。     

Ni(Ⅱ)与吡啶偶氮染料络合物形成的胶束催化

本文用停止流动法研究了水溶液中十二烷基硫酸钠(Sodium dodecyl sulfate,缩写SDS)胶束对Ni(Ⅱ)与吡啶偶氮染料(5-Bromopyridylazo diethylaminophenol and 3.5-dibromopyridylazo diethylaminophenol缩写为5-BrPADAP和3,5-2BrPADAP)络合物形成的动力学和胶束催化效应。动力学分析表明,胶束对于金属—配体络合物形成的催化作用主要是由于反应物在胶束表面区域的浓集效应;胶束的微环境既没有改变此络合反应的活化能,也没有改变反应途径。应用假相模型和的胶束催化概念,引入了配体有效反应浓度系数,从理论上定量地解释了SDS腔束对此络合反应的催化作用。     

反胶束体系中脂肪酶催化合成异丁酸异戊酯

报道了在CTAB/正己烷和AOT/正己烷反胶束体系中,CCL脂肪酶催化合成异丁酸异戊酯的新方法.考察了水含量w₀、底物与酶的比例、缓冲溶液pH值以及温度等因素对脂肪酶催化酯合成反应的影响.研究结果表明,两种反胶束体系均为合成异丁酸异戊酯提供了较为合适的微环境,所选定的脂肪酶在CTAB和AOT反胶束中的活性分别是有机溶剂中反应活性的6倍和4倍.     

胶束介质中血卟啉—锌络合反应的动力学研究

通过体系荧光衰减曲线双指数拟合方法,研究了在阴离子型及中性表面活性剂介质中血卟啉-锌络合反应的动力学行为,提出了反应物与胶束、反应物之间的作用机理以及络合反应速率方程,并与四苯基卟吩-锌络合反应体系进行了比较,表明本方法具有一定的可靠性及实用性。     

负载型钯催化剂用于不饱和化合物的加氢反应

近十多年来,均相络合催化剂的固载化是一个活跃的研究领域^[1-6],我们在聚合、歧化、加氢等络合催化剂负载化方面的工作^[7-9]。说明负载型络合催化剂中的载体,可以视为一个配体,由于其有不同的化学及空间效应,因此是一个复杂的配体.在环戊二烯选择加氢的研究中,不同载体对加氢反应的活性及选择性的影响,说明载体的性质、结构、分子量及其上基团,对于底物的配位和它在活性物种上的加氢速度常数都有调变作用^[10],本文报道固载化络合催化剂在多种不饱和烃加氢反应中的行为.     

二苯胺重氮盐,重氮树脂与表面活性剂的相互作用及基于重氮树脂的超薄感光膜的研究

重氮树脂(DR)是二苯胺-4-重氮盐(DDS)与甲醛的缩合产物,它是最重要的阴图胶印版的感光剂.DR和DDS的缺点是热稳定性差,特别是在水中.本论文第一部分内容是关于DDS和DR与表面活性剂相互作用的研究.研究结果表明:DR和DDS的热稳定性在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液中得到显著提高.原因是DDS和DR分子与SDS分子间的疏水相互作用和静电吸引作用使它们可以进入SDS的胶束相,同SDS分子共同形成混合胶束.所以DR和DDS在S DS水溶液中存在胶束相和水相的分配平衡.处于胶束相的DDS或DR,由于胶束的静电及极性效应使它们的重氮基得到保护.进入胶束相的DDS和DR的量越多,它们水溶液的热稳定性提高越显著.由于DDS和DR与SDS间较强的相互作用使SDS浓度(≈10-5mol/L)在远低于临界胶束浓度(8×10-3mol/L)时形成了混合预胶束,预胶束对DDS和DR同样具有保护作用.     

SDS胶束溶液中Ni（Ⅱ）与三联吡啶形成络合物的动力学

近年来,胶束体系中无机反应动力学的研究逐渐增多,已有工作中较多且较有系统地研究的是金属离子与配体形成络合物的反应.我们在前文中曾报导过SDS胶束体系中Ni(Ⅱ)与偶氮染料及Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)与联吡啶络合物形成的反应动力学.本文考察了三联吡啶与Ni(Ⅱ)在水溶液中反应的动力学及SDS胶束存在的影响.三联吡啶是一中性三啮配体,水溶液中Ni(Ⅱ)-Terpy反应的动力学已有研究,这些研究表明,此络合反应遵从Eigen-Wilkins机理.     

SDS胶束对孔雀绿褪色反应的影响

研究了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）表而活性剂胶束和预胶束对孔雀绿褪色可逆反应的影响，建立了1－1型可逆反应的胶束催化模型和预胶束催化模型，获得了胶束相中正逆反应的速率常数和预胶束的平均聚集数．结果表明，SDS胶束和预胶束对正反应有禁阻作用，而对逆反应有催化作用．     

Micellar Catalysis of Composite Reactions—The Effect of SDS Micelles and Premicelles on the Alkaline Fading of Crystal Violet and Malachite Green

ABSTRACT

The effect of SDS micelles and premicelles on the reversible alkaline fading reactions of crystal violet and malachite green were studied. Micellar and premicellar catalysis models for 1-1 type reversible reactions were proposed. The rate constants of forward and backward reactions and equilibrium constants of these reversible alkaline fading reactions in SDS micellar solutions were obtained from a micellar catalytic model. Under the premicellar condition the average number of SDS molecules per substrate molecule with n surfactant molecules was obtained from a premicellar catalytic model. The results indicated that both SDS micelles and premicelles exhibited an inhibiting effect on the forward reaction, while they exhibited an accelerating effect on the backward reaction. These results can reasonably be accounted for in terms of electrostatic interactions.     

Catalysis of the hydrolysis of esters of phosphorus acids byn-decylammonium chloride /n-decylamine mixed micelles

The effect ofn-decylammonium chloride/n-decylamine mixed micelles on the rate of hydrolysis of aryl esters of acids of four-coordinate phosphorus was studied spectrophotometrically. The shape of the concentration curves is characteristic of the micellar catalysis reactions. The binding constants of the substrate, critical micelle concentrations, and the rate constants in the micellar phase were determined. A specific effect of the structure of substrates on these parameters was shown.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 2003–2006, August, 1996.     

Effect of Temperature on the Binding and Distribution Characteristics of Thionine in Sodium Dodecylsulfate Micelles

The interaction between thionine (a cationic thiazine dye) and anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate in aqueous solution at different temperatures has been studied spectrophotometrically. The absorption spectra were used to quantify the dye/surfactant binding constants and surfactant/water partition coefficients of the dye by applying mathematical models that consider partitioning of the dye between the micellar and aqueous pseudo-phases. The Benesi-Hildebrand equation was applied to calculate the binding constants of thionine to sodium dodecylsulfate micelles over a temperature range of 293 to 333 K. To evaluate the thermodynamic aspects of the interaction of thionine with sodium dodecylsulfate micelles, Gibbs energy, enthalpy and entropy changes were determined. The effect of temperature on the critical micelle concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate in the presence of thionine was also studied and discussed. The binding affinity of thionine to the sodium dodecylsulfate micelles significantly decreased with increasing temperature because of the thermal agitation.     

Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate catalyzed by metal complexes of N-alkyl-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole in CTAB micelles

Two lipophilic ligands containing triazole and hydroxyl groups, N-alkyl(C(n)H(2n+1))-3,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazole (n=10 and 12), were synthesized. Effects of their Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes on the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl picolinate (PNPP) in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles have been investigated kinetically, and some kinetic parameters of the reactions were obtained by employing the ternary complex kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis. It was found that Cu(II) complexes of these triazole-based ligands showed more effective catalytic activity on the hydrolysis of PNPP than Ni(II) complexes. Also, the apparent first-order rate constants for product formation in the metallomicellar phase (k(N)(')), the association constants between the substrate and the binary complex (K(T)), and the association constants between the metal ion and the ligand (K(M)) increased with an increase in pH value, which may be attributed to an increase in the nucleophilicity of the hydroxyl groups in the ligand or the electrophilicity of the substrate at higher pH. In addition, at constant pH, k(N)(') and K(T) increased with an increase in the hydrocarbon chain length of the ligand, while K(M) decreased.     

Reaction of 2-alkylaminomethylphenols with 4-nitrophenyl-bis(chloromethyl)phosphinate in toluene micellar solutions of polyethylene glycol-600 monolaurate

The effect of polyethylene glycol-600 monolaurate (PEG-ML) reversed micelles on the reaction of 2-alkylaminomethylphenols (AMP) with 4-nitrophenyl-bis(chloromethyl) phosphinate in toluene has been investigated. PEG-ML increases the observed rate constant of the reaction by more than one order of magnitude. AMP concentration in solution affects the position of the maximum on the concentration dependence of the micellar-catalyzed-reaction rate constants. The reaction rate constant in the micellar phase and the binding constant of the substrate with micelles depend on the alkyl chain length and AMP concentration. Inhibition of the reaction studied is observed in the presence of high PEG-ML concentrations and low AMP concentrations.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2134–2138, December, 1994.     

Micellar medium effects on the hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate in ionic,zwitterionic, nonionic,and mixed micellar solutions

The spontaneous hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate was studied in various anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, and cationic aqueous micellar solutions, as well as in mixed anionic–nonionic micellar solutions. In all cases, an increase in the surfactant concentration results in a decrease in the reaction rate and micellar effects were quantitatively explained in terms of distribution of the substrate between water and micelles and the first‐order rate constants in the aqueous and micellar pseudophases. A comparison of the kinetic data in nonionic micellar solutions to those in anionic and zwiterionic micellar solutions makes clear that charge effects of micelles is not the only factor responsible for the variations in the reaction rate. Depletion of water in the interfacial region and its different characteristics as compared to bulk water, the presence of high ionic concentration in the Stern layer of ionic micelles, and differences in the stabilization of the initial state and the transition state by hydrophobic interactions with surfactant tails can also influence reactivity. The different deceleration of the reaction observed in the various micellar solutions studied was discussed by considering these factors. Synergism in mixed‐micellar solutions is shown through the kinetic data obtained in these media. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 445–451, 2002     

Effect of micellar systems on the equilibrium of chemical reactions: Acidity and binding constants of polymethylphenols in sodium dodecyl sulphate

The variations of the acidity constants in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) are used to estimate the binding constants of a series of methyl-substituted phenols with the SDS micelles. The contribution of each methyl group to the transfer free energy from water to micelles is about —520 cal mol^-1, irrespective of the position in the benzene ring.     

Kinetic investigation of the oxidation of N-alkyl anilines by peroxomonophosphoric acid in anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulphate

Kinetics of oxidation of N-methyl and N-ethyl aniline by peroxomono-phosphoric acid (PMPA) in aqueous and 5% (v/v) acetonitrile medium respectively have been studied in presence of anionic micelles of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) at different pH. Oxidation rate of both the substrates increases up to a certain [SLS] much below the critical micellar concentration (cmc) after which the rate is retarded. Kinetic data have been used to compute the binding constants of both substrate and oxidant with the micelle. A scheme explaining the kinetic data has been proposed.     

Interaction of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine with ionic and neutral micelles: Electronic absorption and fluorescence studies

The binding of two antitoxoplasmosis drugs, pyrimethamine (PYR) and sulfadiazine (SDZ) to cationic cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), anionic sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), zwiterionic N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-ammonium-1-propanesulfonate (HPS) and neutral polyoxyethylene-dodecyl-ether (Brij-35^®) micelles was studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic methods. The pK_a of PYR changed in the presence of charged anionic, cationic and zwiterionic micelles, indicating that interaction is influenced by the micellar charge. For SDZ, pK_a changes were lower than 1 for all micelles, suggesting the occurrence of low binding constants in addition to a reasonable influence of the micellar charge. The values of binding constants K_b, obtained from fluorescence measurements, for PYR to CTAC micelles were very low at pH 4.0, where the drug is in a complete protonated state, increasing at pH 9.0 to long-chained CTAC and HPS micelles since this factor also favors accomodation of the neutral drug in the hydrophobic compartments. For SDZ the binding constants were determined from optical absorption measurements. Low binding constants were observed to charged surfactant micelles, with influence of micellar charge. It must be stated however that those values can be underestimated due to the relatively low sensitivity of the method based on absorption measurements.