聚合物异核交叉弛豫及二维NOE谱

Kover和Batta首次采用选择性质子π脉冲来测定~(13)C自旋-晶格弛豫速率并与常规反转回复法测定的自旋-晶格弛豫速率相比较求出了交叉弛豫速率,并以此来计算异核间的距离,但他们的计算方法仅适用于满足极端窄化条件的刚性球状分子。二维异核NOE谱(HOESY)是1983年才发展起来的二维NMR技术,它可用来研究异核间的交叉弛豫作用及研究分子间相互作用。Kover和Batta在此方面作了许多     

聚甲基丙烯酸正丁酯的核磁共振异核相关二维谱

<正> 核磁共振二维谱是研究高聚物分子结构的有力工具.有时一张谱图,就能得到高聚物序列结构或共聚物构型的直接证据.对高聚物结构分析有重要意义.自1983年Brown首次报道聚氯乙烯的二维J谱以来.美国Macromolecules等杂志竟相报道各种聚合物的二维谱图.目前已经报道过的聚合物核磁共振二维谱有二维J谱、~(19)F-~1H异核相关谱、~(13)C-~1H异核相关谱、~1H COSY谱、~(19)F COSY谱、NOESY     

异核配合物K2[Co(Dipc)2]·7H2O的合成、性质、结构和热分解动力学研究

A heteronuclear compound, K₂[Co(Dipc)₂]·7H₂O (Dipc=pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) has been synthe- sized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: orthorhombic system with space group Pnna and unite cell parameters: a=2.0645(3)nm, b=1.3484(2)nm, c=0.8204(1)nm; V=2.2838(6)nm³, Z=4, D_cald=1.726 g·cm^-3, μ=1.193 mm^-1, F(000)=1212, Gof=1.045, Δρ=339～-348 e·nm^-3, the final R is 0.0295. In the molecule of the complex, Co(Ⅱ) ion is six-coordinate to form a dis-torted octahedron. The N atom and the carboxyl group of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid are coordinated with the central ions. One of the carboxyl groups of the pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid connect K(Ⅰ) and Co(Ⅱ). The com- pound possesses approximate C₂ symmetry. The compounds form a three-dimensional network of infinite length connection with crystal waters, potassium ions and hydrogen bonds. The result of kinetics of thermal decomposition indicated that the compound decomposition takes place in two steps. CCDC: 207078.     

异核高氯酸钐、镝在二苯亚砜体系中的共发光

合成了一系列异核高氯酸钐、镝二苯亚砜配合物：SmxDy1-x(DPSO)7(ClO4)(x=1.000-0.000,DPSO为二苯亚砜）。测定了配合物的组成、IR谱、荧光激发和发射光谱。荧光发射光谱表明：在二苯亚砜体系中Sm^3 对Dy^3 的发光有明显的猝灭作用，而Dy^3 对Sm^3 的发光有较强的敏化作用。根据配合物的荧光光谱计算了（Sm^3 、Dy^3 )及配体DPSO的有关能级，并研究了猝灭和敏化的机理。     

三维Mn(Ⅱ)-Sm(Ⅲ)杂核和二维同核Sm(Ⅲ)配合物的合成、晶体结构与性质

利用过渡金属锰盐与稀土盐水热合成了杂核化合物{[MnSm₂(INAIP)₄(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O}_n (1)和同核{[Sm(INAIP)(HINAIP)]·2H₂O}_n (2)(INAIP=异烟酰胺吡啶基异酞酸根),并对其进行了元素分析、IR及X-射线衍射法表征.晶体结构研究表明：配合物1属于三斜晶系,P1 空间群.晶胞参数：a=1.018 8(5) nm,b=1.083 86(6) nm,c=1.387 21(8) nm,V=1.475(14) nm³,Z=1,D_c=1.802 g·cm^-3,μ=2.271 mm-1,F(000)=793,R_int=0.010 5,R₁=0.051 2,wR₂=0.131 9.配合物2属于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群.晶胞参数：a=1.343 05(18)nm,b=1.376 5(17) nm,c=1.62408(15) nm,V=2.7028(6) nm3,Z=4,D_c=1.861 g·cm^-3,μ=2.251 mm-1,F(000)=1 500,R_int=0.051 4,R₁=0.032 2,wR₂=0.088 7.配合物1是由配体INAIP连接稀土钐离子形成二维层状结构,该二维层通过Mn-O和Mn-N键连接成三维非贯穿网络结构.而配合物2是由配体INAIP连接稀土钐离子形成二维双层状结构,该二维层通过氢键连接成三维网络结构.配合物1失去水分子后具有稳定微孔结构,对二氧化碳具有一定的吸附,而对氮气没有吸附作用.此外,配合物1和2具有典型的稀土钐离子红色荧光性能.     

三维Mn(Ⅱ)-Sm(Ⅱ)杂核和二维同核Sm(Ⅱ)配合物的合成、晶体结构与性质

利用过渡金属锰盐与稀土盐水热合成了杂核化合物{[MnSm₂(INAIP)₄(H₂O)₄]·2H₂O}_n(1)和同核{[Sm(INAIP)(HINAIP)]·2H₂O}_n(2)(INAIP=异烟酰胺吡啶基异酞酸根),并对其进行了元素分析、IR及X-射线衍射法表征。晶体结构研究表明:配合物1属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。晶胞参数:a=1.0188(5)nm,b=1.08386(6)nm,c=1.38721(8)nm,V=1.475(14)nm³,Z=1,D_c=1.802g·cm^-3,μ=2.271mm^-1,F(000)=793,R_int=0.0105,R₁=0.0512,wR₂=0.1319。配合物2属于单斜晶系,P2₁/c空间群。晶胞参数:a=1.34305(18)nm,b=1.3765(17)nm,c=1.62408(15)nm,V=2.7028(6)nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.861g·cm^-3,μ=2.251mm^-1,F(000)=1500,R_int=0.0514,R₁=0.0322,wR₂=0.0887。配合物1是由配体INAIP连接稀土钐离子形成二维层状结构,该二维层通过Mn-O和Mn-N键连接成三维非贯穿网络结构。而配合物2是由配体INAIP连接稀土钐离子形成二维双层状结构,该二维层通过氢键连接成三维网络结构。配合物1失去水分子后具有稳定微孔结构,对二氧化碳具有一定的吸附,而对氮气没有吸附作用。此外,配合物1和2具有典型的稀土钐离子红色荧光性能。     

Z-N型催化剂——2,2-二异丁基-1,3-丙二醇二氯代苯甲酸酯衍生物的合成及其催化活性

以丙二酸二乙酯和氯代苯甲酰氯为原料,经烷基化、酯还原和酰化反应合成了四个新型的Z-N型催化剂——2,2-二异丁基-1,3-丙二醇二苯甲酸酯衍生物(4a~4d),总收率73%~80%,其结构经1H NMR表征。以合成聚丙烯为探针反应,考察4a~4d的催化活性。结果表明,4a~4d具有较好的催化活性,在苯环上引入氯可以显著提高催化剂的催化活性而不影响其他性能,且当氯处于羧基间位时,催化活性最佳。     

Bischler-Napieralski反应研究进展

Bischler-Napieralski反应是合成3,4-二氢异喹啉的经典方法。通过文献调研,对其机理、影响因素、拓展研究及应用进行综述,发现Bischler-Napieralski反应已被广泛运用于医药、化工等重要中间体的合成,但三氯氧磷、五氧化二磷等脱水剂的使用仍较频繁。     

Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of 3-Substituted Pentane-2,4-dione, Pyrazole and Isoxazole Derivatives

The γ-substituted β-diketonate 2,4-dioxo-3-pentyl 4-[4-（n-octyloxy）cinnamoyl]oxybenzoate 1 and its pyrazole and isoxazole derivatives （2 and 3 respectively） have been synthesized and characterized by the spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis. The mesogenic properties of these compounds have been studied by polarizing optical microscopy （POM） and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. A monotropic nematic mesophase was observed for the β-diketonate 1, in contrast, the pyrazole 2 displays an enantiotropic smectic A and isoxazole 3 exhibits an enantiotropic nematic mesophase. The relationship between the structure and liquid crystalline properties has also been discussed.     

取代二氢异喹啉基苯基甲基酮的合成新方法

以3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸为原料,经氯化亚砜酰氯化、3,4-二甲氧基苯乙胺氨解得到了N-(3,4-二甲氧基苯乙基)-2-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺,经Bischler-Napieraski反应环化同时氧化,合成了Lamellarin重要中间体(6,7-二甲氧基-3,4-二氢异喹啉-1-基)(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)甲基酮,优化了环化的反应条件,其总收率为56%。此方法未见文献报道。产物用1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、IR进行了表征。     

A conformational study of the trisaccharide beta-D-Glcp-(1-->2)[beta-D-Glcp-(1-->3)]alpha-D-Glcp-OMe by NMR NOESY and TROESY experiments, computer simulations, and X-ray crystal structure analysis

Proton-proton cross-relaxation rates have been measured for the trisaccharide beta-D-Glcp-(l --> 2)[beta-D-Glcp-(1 --> 3)]alpha-D-Glcp-OMe in D2O as well as in D2O/[D6]DMSO 7:3 solution at 30 degrees C by means of one-dimensional NMR pulsed field gradient 1H,1H NOESY and TROESY experiments. Interatomic distances for the trisaccharide in D2O were calculated from the cross-relaxation rates for two intraresidue and three interglycosidic proton pairs, using the isolated spin-pair approximation. In the solvent mixture one intraresidue and three interglycosidic distances were derived without the use of a specific molecular model. In this case the distances were calculated from the cross-relaxation rates in combination with "model-free" motional parameters previously derived from 13C relaxation measurements. The proton-proton distances for interglycosidic pairs were compared with those averaged from Metropolis Monte Carlo and Langevin Dynamics simulations with the HSEA, PARM22, and CHEAT95 force fields. The crystal structure of the trisaccharide was solved by analysis of X-ray data. Interresidue proton pairs from the crystal structure and those observed by NMR experiments were similar. However, the corresponding proton-proton distances generated by computer simulations were longer. For the (1 --> 2) linkage the glycosidic torsion angles of the crystal structure were found in a region of conformational space populated by all three force fields, whereas for the (1 --> 3) linkage they occupied a region of low population density, as seen from the simulations.     

Rapid and novel discrimination and quantification of oleanolic and ursolic acids in complex plant extracts using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy—Comparison with HPLC methods

A novel strategy for NMR analysis of mixtures of oleanolic and ursolic acids that occur in natural products is described. These important phytochemicals have similar structure and their discrimination and quantification is rather difficult. We report herein the combined use of proton-carbon heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (¹H-¹³C HSQC) and proton-carbon heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation (¹H-¹³C HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in the identification and quantitation of oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA)in plant extracts of the Lamiaceae and Oleaceae family. The combination of ¹H-¹³C HSQC and ¹H-¹³C HMBC techniques allows the connection of the proton and carbon-13 spins across the molecular backbone resulting in the identification and, thus, discrimination of oleanolic and ursolic acid without resorting to physicochemical separation of the components. The quantitative results provided by 2D ¹H-¹³C HSQC NMR data were obtained within a short period of time (∼14 min) and are in excellent agreement with those obtained by HPLC, which support the efficiency of the suggested methodology.     

Solute-solvent contact by intermolecular cross relaxation. I. The nature of the water-hydrophobic interface

Intermolecular cross-relaxation rates between solute and solvent were measured by {1H} 19F nuclear magnetic resonance experiments in aqueous molecular solutions of ammonium perfluoro-octanoate and sodium trifluoroacetate. The experiments performed at three different magnetic fields provide frequency-dependent cross-relaxation rates which demonstrate clearly the lack of extreme narrowing for nuclear spin relaxation by diffusionally modulated intermolecular interactions. Supplemented by suitable intramolecular cross-relaxation, longitudinal relaxation, and self-diffusion data, the obtained cross-relaxation rates are evaluated within the framework of recent relaxation models and provide information about the hydrophobic hydration. In particular, water dynamics around the trifluoromethyl group in ammonium perfluoro-octanoate are more retarded than that in the smaller trifluoroacetate.     

Low-field approach to double resonance in nuclear quadrupole resonance of spin-1 nuclei

Using double-resonance conditions, in which the Larmor frequency of a spin-1/2 nucleus is matched to one of the nuclear quadrupole resonance frequencies of a spin-1 nucleus, the authors demonstrate increased cross relaxation between the two nuclear spin species. They calculate the cross-relaxation rate using the motionally averaged heterogeneous dipole Hamiltonian as a perturbation to the combined quadrupole and Zeeman Hamiltonians. Using this cross-relaxation rate, in addition to hydrogen and nitrogen autorelaxation rates, expressions governing spin-1/2 and spin-1 spin-lattice relaxation are determined. With ammonium nitrate, containing nitrogen (spin-1) and hydrogen (spin-1/2), increased nitrogen signal and spin-lattice relaxation are demonstrated, using fields less than 120 G. The cross-relaxation rate is also measured and an overall signal/noise improvement by a factor of 2.3+/-0.1 is attained.     

Power law relaxation in an interpenetrating polymer network

Emulsion polymerized interpenetratingpolymer networks (IPN) of polyacrylate and polystyrene exhibit a power law relaxation over a wide frequency range. The response of the material to oscillatory shear, step sheaf strain and a constant stress can be described with a two parameter constitutive equation. The power law behavior was previously found in polymers at their critical state where molecular motions were correlated over large distances without intrinsic size or time scale.The effect of composition and crosslink density on the behavior of the material is studied. The behavior might be explained with the granular structure of the material.     

Acceleration of carbon-13 spin-lattice relaxation times in amino acids by electrolytes

Measurements of the enhancement, by various electrolytes, of the spin-lattice relaxation time of carbon-13 at different locations in a number of amino acids are reported. Spin-lattice relaxation times T1 of all the carbons in amino acids generally tend to decrease with increase in the concentration of electrolytes, the largest effects often being observed for the charged carboxylate groups of the amino acids. Carboxylic carbons in amino acids are the sensitive 'acceptor' of the 13C spin-lattice relaxation accelerating effects offered by electrolytes, and the 13C spin-lattice relaxation accelerating ability of electrolytes decreases in the order Mg(ClO4)2 > MgCl2 > CaCl2 > NaCl > KCl > LiClO4 > NaOH. The mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed in terms of intermolecular interaction, paramagnetic impurities in electrolytes and other mechanisms; large contributions of intermolecular interactions with electrolytes are present on complex formation between amino acids and metal ions and the incoming 'unsaturation' of the primary solvation shell of cations with the increase in electrolyte concentration.     

High-Resolution Solid-State NMR Characterization of Morphology in Annealed Polylactic Acid

Single-pulse ¹³C NMR spectra and spin-lattice relaxation times T₁(¹H), detected indirectly via ¹³C carbons, and T₁(¹³C) were measured at 31°C for virgin pelletized and annealed polylactic acid (PLA) samples using the magic-angle spinning technique. The structural relaxation resulting in more regular crystals with narrower conformation distribution and increase in the lamellae thickness and crystallinity brought about by annealing at 100°C was deduced from the narrowing of the ¹³C NMR lines and proton spin-lattice relaxation times T₁(¹H). The spin-lattice relaxation times T₁(¹³C) related to the respective carbons of the α-polymorph of PLA are also discussed in the study.     

Purity analysis of hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride and phosgene by quantitative (13)C NMR spectroscopy

Hydrogen cyanide, cyanogen chloride and phosgene are produced in tremendously large quantities today by the chemical industry. The compounds are also particularly attractive to foreign states and terrorists seeking an inexpensive mass-destruction capability. Along with contemporary warfare agents, therefore, the US Army evaluates protective equipment used by warfighters and domestic emergency responders against the compounds, and requires their certification at > or = 95 carbon atom % before use. We have investigated the (13)C spin-lattice relaxation behavior of the compounds to develop a quantitative NMR method for characterizing chemical lots supplied to the Army. Behavior was assessed at 75 and 126 MHz for temperatures between 5 and 15 degrees C to hold the compounds in their liquid states, dramatically improving detection sensitivity. T(1) values for cyanogen chloride and phosgene were somewhat comparable, ranging between 20 and 31 s. Hydrogen cyanide values were significantly shorter at 10-18 s, most likely because of a (1)H--(13)C dipolar contribution to relaxation not possible for the other compounds. The T(1) measurements were used to derive relaxation delays for collecting the quantitative (13)C data sets. At 126 MHz, only a single data acquisition with a cryogenic probehead gave a signal-to-noise ratio exceeding that necessary for certifying the compounds at > or = 95 carbon atom % and 99% confidence. Data acquired at 75 MHz with a conventional probehead, however, required > or = 5 acquisitions to reach this certifying signal-to-noise ratio for phosgene, and >/= 12 acquisitions were required for the other compounds under these same conditions. In terms of accuracy and execution time, the NMR method rivals typical chromatographic methods.     

A preliminary study of milk powder hydration using TEDSpiL continuous wave NMR

Moisture content of foodstuffs are typically assessed by Titration or Near Infrared Spectroscopy, which are labour-intensive as a manual measurement or costly when automated. Magnetic resonance offers a method for moisture evaluation but is also normally costly. In this work, we revisit Look and Locker's “Tone Burst” experiment with a marginal oscillator to evaluate moisture content of powdered–skimmed milk subjected to increased humidity. We refer to this technique as the Transient Effect Determination of Spin–Lattice (TEDSpiL) relaxation times. Moisture content in the samples ranged from 0–12% as determined from the weight gained by the dry powder when re-suspended in water to reach a concentration of 40% w/v. The relaxation properties of re-hydrated samples were measured with a CW NMR sensor. Solutions made up from powders with a higher retained moisture content provided lower measured relaxation values providing a method of measuring the moisture content of the powder. This technique provides a moisture measurement in under 5∼s compared with several minutes for the equivalent pulsed method using low-field hardware.