火焰原子吸收光谱法测定红花中的Cu、Fe、Zn

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法和表面增敏的方法测定了红花中Cu、Fe、Zn的含量。实验表明,使用表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS),可使Zn的吸光度增感34.91%,使Cu增感37.39%,Fe增感232.10%。该法的检测限分别为Zn1.85×10-3μg/mL;Fe1.50×10-2μg/mL;Cu3.50×10-2μg/mL,加标回收率在99.37%~104.23%之间。该法灵敏度高,结果准确,可用于红花等中草药中Cu、Fe、Zn的同时测定。     

铬(Ⅵ)-二乙基二硫代甲酸钠共沉淀-原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中铁、锰、锌、镉

提出了以二乙基二硫代甲酸钠螯合铬(Ⅵ)作为载体共沉淀富集水体中铁、锰、锌和镉的方法。沉淀经离心分离,甲基异丁酮溶解后,以微量进样300μL火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铁、锰、锌,以石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定镉。用水样10.0 mL,在pH 4.6的邻苯二甲酸氢钾缓冲介质中加入20 g.L-1重铬酸钾溶液150μL,20 g.L-1DDTC溶液1.0 mL可达到完全共沉淀分离,所得沉淀经离心分离后用甲基异丁酮2.0 mL溶解,并用于AAS分析。在优化的条件下,铁、锰、锌和镉的检出限(3σ)分别为9.0,6.8,1.8,0.03μg.L-1,相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.8%~3.8%之间。方法用于实际水样的测定,用标准加入法测得回收率在93.7%~105.0%之间。     

在线化学蒸气发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定废催化剂中的微量铑

使用电感耦合等离子原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)研究了贵金属铑和NaBH4在酸性水溶液中的化学蒸气发生反应的条件,并测定了有机合成催化剂中的铑。研究结果表明:在NaBH4和样品溶液流速为2mL/min、废液排放流速为6mL/min的条件下的最佳蒸气发生条件为:载气流速0.4L/min、HNO3浓度为1.0mol/L、NaBH4浓度为1.2%(m/V)。研究中获得的铑化学蒸气进样效率是常规的气动雾化进样效率的2.7倍;检出限是6.9μg/L,略优于气动雾化法;线性范围20～1500μg/L;线性相关系数是0.9986;RSD是1.6%。样品分析加标回收率分别是94%和97%。用本法测得的样品值与原子吸收法的测得值吻合很好。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定虾仁中的钙、镁

建立了快速测定虾仁中钙、镁含量的悬浮液进样－火焰原子吸收光谱法。将虾仁样品烘干、粉碎、过98μm筛后，制成琼脂悬浮液。以La^3 溶液作为释放剂，用工作曲线法测定虾仁样品中钙、镁的含量。钙、镁的线性范围分别为0-200μg/(25mL)、0－30μg/(25mL)，检出限分别为0.056mg/L、0.0046mg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.4%，测定结果与在灰化法一致，测定钙、镁的平均相对误差分别为-1.3%、-4.2%。     

ICP-AES法测定硼硅酸盐玻璃中的常量及微量元素

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法,对硼硅酸盐玻璃中的常量元素Si、Ca、Al、B及微量元素Fe、Ti、Mg进行测定。在优化的工作条件下,各元素的检出限:SiO20.026μg/mL,Ca0.0002μg/mL,Al0.028μg/mL,B0.005μg/mL,Mg0.0002μg/mL,Fe0.006μg/mL,Ti0.005μg/mL。样品测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.02%~1.47%之间,加入标准溶液的回收率为93.0%~103.2%。采用该方法对硼硅酸盐玻璃标准样品进行测定,测定值与标准值一致。     

微波消解火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定金银花中铁、锌、铜和锰

采用微波消化技术,以氘灯背景校正方式,在HNO3介质中,直接用火焰原子吸收法在同一体系中连续测定了金银花中微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn,并优化了最佳实验条件.在选定条件下,检出限为Fe 0.0047 μg/mL,Zn 0.0032μg/mL,Cu 0.0052μg/mL,Mn 0.0028μg/mL,相对标准偏差为1.5%～3.2%,回收率为96.4%～103.4%.适用于金银花中微量Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn的测定.     

纳米Fe3O4分离富集-悬浮进样-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定砷形态

研究了以纳米Fe3O4为固相吸附剂对痕量无机砷形态的吸附与分离富集,建立了无需洗脱分离的悬浮进样-氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定砷形态的方法。选择的反应体系为0.64 g/L Fe3O4悬浮液-1.0%(m/V)NaBH4溶液-5.0%(V/V)HCl(pH 8),进样5.0 mL时,得到本方法的检出限为13.5 ng/L;As(Ⅲ)浓度在0.05～3.5μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系;测定0.5μg/L As(Ⅲ)的精密度RSD=3.4%。用国家标准物质GBW10010(大米)验证了本方法测定砷的准确性,测定结果(0.101±0.010μg/g)与标准值(0.102±0.008μg/g)吻合。采用本方法测定了近海海水和雪水样品中的无机砷形态,并进行了加标回收实验。对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的加标回收率在95%～110%之间,结果令人满意。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定铜砷滤饼中的Pb、Fe、Bi三种元素

采用硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸、高氯酸分解样品,氢溴酸-盐酸挥发消除砷基体,优化仪器测定参数,选取最佳工作条件,建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定铜砷滤饼中Pb、Fe、Bi元素的分析方法。其测定范围为：ω(Pb):0.12%~2.09%;ω(Fe):0.081%~2.10%;ω(Bi):1.20%~6.14%。各元素检出限为Pb:0.010μg/mL;Bi:0.006μg/mL;Fe:0.003μg/mL。加标回收率为95.5%~101.7%。该方法简便,准确,可靠,适用于铜砷滤饼中Pb、Fe、Bi元素的同时测定。     

化学蒸气发生-多通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定化探样品中的砷、锑、铋、汞

采用氢化物发生-四通道原子荧光光谱仪同时测定化探样品中砷、锑、铋和汞的含量。试样溶于盐酸-硝酸-水(3+1+4)的混合酸中,分取适量试液在盐酸(1+4)溶液和含硫脲10g·L-1的介质中预还原30min。用纯氩气作载气和屏蔽气,流量依次为300,900mL·min-1。仪器采用间歇流动进样方式,硼氢化钾溶液的质量浓度为15g·L-1。上述4种元素的质量浓度在一定范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)为0.031μg·L-1(砷)、0.028μg·L-1(锑)、0.024μg·L-1(铋)和0.004 8μg·L-1(汞)。应用此方法分析了化探样品,并用标准加入法对上述4种元素进行回收试验,测得回收率在95.4%~101%之间。     

ICP-AES法同时测定土壤中有效态的硫和硼

采用一种方法同时提取国标土壤样品中的有效态硫和硼元素,再使用ICP-AES法进行测定。其测定值与标准值相比,硫和硼的相对误差分别小于1.4%和13%,均在允许误差范围内;方法的相对标准偏差,硫为3.2%~3.4%,硼为6.3%~7.6%;磷酸钙溶液作为提出剂条件下,方法的检出限硫为0.114μg/mL,硼为0.0039μg/mL,氯化钙溶液作为提出剂条件下,硫为0.151μg/mL,硼为0.0035μg/mL。     

Metal-Directed Formation of Tetra-, Hexa-, Octa-, and Nonanuclear Complexes of Magnesium,Calcium, Manganese,Copper, and Cadmium

Efficacious metal control of self-assembly of dialkylketipinate dianions leads to completely different supramolecular assemblies. The structures of grid 1 , double-decker 2 , triple-decker 3 , and metalla-spherand 4 were characterized by X-ray crystallographic analyses or by NMR spectroscopy.     

Optimization of parameters for semiempirical methods. III Extension of PM3 to Be,Mg, Zn,Ga, Ge,As, Se,Cd, In,Sn, Sb,Te, Hg,Tl, Pb,and Bi

Using a recently developed procedure for optimizing parameters for semiempirical methods,¹ PM3 has been extended to a total of 28 elements. Average ΔH_f errors for the newly parameterized elements are Be: 8.6, Mg: 8.4, Zn: 5.8, Ga: 14.9, Ge: 11.4, As: 8.5, Se: 11.1, Cd: 2.6, In: 11.3, Sn: 9.0, Sb: 13.7, Te: 11.3, Hg: 6.8, Tl: 6.5, Pb: 7.4, and Bi: 10.9 kcal/mol. For some elements the paucity of data has resulted in a method, which, while highly accurate, is likely to be only poorly predictive.     

Prediction of the enthalpy of vapourisation for anhydrides,formates, acetates,propionates, butyrates,esters, and ethers

Four analytical correlations based on the use of the corresponding states principle were used to calculate the enthalpy of vapourisation of fluids. Three of these correlations require as inputs the critical temperature and the acentric factor. The fourth requires a molecular Lennard–Jones parameter and the acentric factor. Results for 184 polar and non-polar fluids grouped into 9 families are compared with the values accepted by the Design Institute for Physical Property (DIPPR) project. Recommendations are given for the use of each model and for the choice of the adequate model for each family of fluids.     

猪胰脏中铁钙镁铜铅锌镉锰钴镍的测定

采用硝酸－过氧化氢在自动回流消化仪中消化猪胰脏,火焰原子吸收光度法测定铁、钙、镁、铜、锌、铅、镉、锰、钴、镍的含量。,方法简便,快速,结果令人满意,并对猪胰脏食用价值进行了评价。     

ICP-AES法测定铝中铁、硅、铜、镓、镁、锌、锰和钛

用 50g L氢氧化钠溶液溶解铝样品 ,硝酸 (1 1 )酸化 ,以ICP AES测定其中铁、硅、铜、镓、镁、锌、锰和钛等 8种杂质元素。     

ICP-MS测定化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅

目的：建立化妆品中铍、镉、铊、铬、砷、碲、钕、铅8种有害元素的测定方法。方法：采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法,样品采用微波消解,以钇、锂、铟、铋为内标作定量分析。结果：各元素和内标元素在一定浓度范围内的质量数比值均与浓度呈良好的线性关系,线性方程的相关系数均大于0.9998,平均回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于3%。结论：该方法灵敏度高,准确,可为化妆品中上述元素的限量检查提供参考。     

Thin-layer chromatographic separation of aldrin,dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane,malathion, ethyl-parathion,pentachlorophenol, and of chlordane,dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane,malathion, ethyl-parathion,and pentachlorophenol from each other

A thin-layer chromatographic method is reported for the separation of aldrin (or chlordane), dieldrin, γ-hexachlorocyclohexane, malathion, ethyl-parathion, and pentachlorophenol from each other. The procedure, however, does not separate aldrin and chlordane from each other although it does separate either pesticide from the other components. The method employs alumina plates with n-hexane:xylene:benzene:toluene:cyclohexane:methyl cyclohexane (50:50:50:50:50:50:) as developing solvent.     

Enthalpies of dilution of aqueous solutions of formamide,acetamide, propionamide,andN,N-dimethylformamide

The enthalpies of dilution of aqueous solutions of formamide, acetamide, propionamide,N,N-dimethylformamide, and sucrose have been measured from about 0.15 to 2.0 moles-kg ^–1 at 25.0°C. The results of the enthalpy measurements were used to calculate the pairwise enthalpies of interaction for each compound with itself. The equation of Savage and Wood together with their interaction parameters are used to predict the experimental results. All of the predictions are within the standard deviation of the original correlation of Savage and Wood (±220 J-kg-mole ^–2 ). Detailed examination of the results shows that specific effects are present but they are less than 220 J-kg-mole ^–2 . Results on urea and substituted ureas are used to determine interaction coefficients for a urea group with itself and with another CH ₂ group. The result,H _U,U =–280 andH _{U,CH 2} =29 J-kg-mole ^–2 , is an improvement on the previous arbitrary assignment of parameters for urea interactions.