“皮革奶”中L-羟脯胺酸的测定

用硫酸水解试样,再过滤、稀释水解产物。产物经氯胺T氧化后,与对二甲氨基苯甲醛反应生成红色化合物,用分光光度计进行比色测定。本法测定＂皮革奶＂中L-羟脯氨酸的含量可操作性强,适合批量检测。     

胺溶液吸收CO_2的量子化学分析

胺溶液吸收燃煤电厂烟气中CO_2是目前减少CO_2排放的有效技术途径。采用真实溶剂似导体屏蔽模型COSMO-RS结合密度泛函理论DFT预测了多种伯胺和仲胺溶液的pK_a值,计算中采用了不同的密度泛函和基组方法,表明在BLYP/TZP方法下得到的pK_a值与已有实验值符合最好。在BLYP/TZP方法下计算了各组分的吉布斯自由能,评估了胺溶液吸收CO_2后溶液中氨基甲酸离子与碳酸氢根离子的比率。此外,通过液相状态下的DFT计算研究了氨甲基丙醇(AMP)溶液吸收CO_2过程中碳酸氢根离子生成的反应机理,结果表明碳酸氢根离子更有可能是由胺、H_2O和CO_2直接反应生成,而不是由氨基甲酸离子水解生成。     

N－［2－（2＇－氨基－乙氨基）乙基］草酰甲酯胺合铜（Ⅱ）的合成及其红外光谱研究

在水溶液中通过Ｎ－［２－（２＇－氨基－乙氨基）乙基］草酰甲酯胺与硫酸铜反应合成了具有单核和桥联多核以及１，１０－邻菲咯琳端接的标题配合物，测定了其红外光谱，并对主要的红外吸收带进行了归属。     

红外光谱法在苄基氨基醇选择性加成反应中的应用

用红外光谱法对离子液体催化苄基氨基醇与丁烯酮的加成反应进行研究,系统考察了离子液体对于反应选择性的影响,分析比较了反应前后的红外光谱变化,总结和归属了两种产物的主要红外吸收谱带和特征,研究结果表明通过改变离子液体可以有效地控制苄基氨基醇与丁烯酮的反应选择性。     

盐酸坦洛新合成工艺

以邻乙氧基苯酚为原料,采用相转移催化法制备化合物3；同时以化合物1为起始原料,经盐酸水解制备化合物2,然后与化合物3发生偶联反应制备得到化合物4,最后在盐酸作用下成盐得到标题化合物.系统研究并确定了最优的工艺条件,现行工艺稳定性好,收率高,产品质量符合欧洲药典标准.目标化合物经质谱,红外及核磁确证.     

质子化改性壳聚糖吸附硫酸根行为及其光谱分析

壳聚糖(CTS)具有活性基团氨基和羟基,可用作吸附剂。在酸性介质中其氨基容易质子化形成氨基正离子,具有吸附阴离子的能力,同时也导致吸附剂的溶解流失;进行交联处理可提高吸附剂的酸稳定性,但也导致吸附性能的下降。因此可进行氨基保护后进行交联以改善其酸溶液稳定性,再脱去氨基保护剂进行质子化处理以获得较好的对阴离子的吸附性能。以甲醛为氨基保护剂,戊二醛为交联剂,通过反相悬浮法制得交联壳聚糖(CCTS),对其进行质子化制得质子化改性壳聚糖吸附剂(P-CCTS),并首次将该吸附剂用于处理水溶液中的硫酸根离子。通过静态吸附实验,考察了质子化改性壳聚糖对硫酸根的吸附性能;利用X射线能谱元素分析(EDS)和红外光谱分析(FTIR)对该吸附剂的制备以及对硫酸根离子的吸附过程进行了表征,探索了交联反应和吸附反应的发生机理。实验结果表明：质子化改性壳聚糖吸附剂与交联壳聚糖相比,其对硫酸根离子的吸附性能提高了约10倍;甲醛、戊二醛的醛基与壳聚糖的交联反应主要发生在的氨基(—NH₂)和部分一级羟基(C₆—OH)上;质子化过程中交联壳聚糖的氨基与质子化剂形成了氯化壳聚糖氨盐;对硫酸根离子的吸附则主要是质子化氨基上氯离子与硫酸根离子的交换作用。     

2,4-二氨基-6-取代氨基磺酰喹唑啉的红外光谱分析

2,4-二氨基-6-取代氨基磺酰喹唑啉类化合物是一类可能有效的抗疟药。有关此类化合物的红外光谱尚未见报导。为了解此类化合物的结构与红外吸收频率之间的关系,本文对此类十三种化合物和三种中间体的红外光谱进行了分析、比较,发现了在1700—1362cm~(-1)和1180—754cm~(-1)范围内有一系列     

a,a-二(2-羟乙基)苯乙腈分子内环合现象的核磁共振研究

以苯乙腈为原料,在二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)的作用下连续与两分子环氧乙烷反应,一步合成a,a-二(2-羟乙基)苯乙腈(2a)．通过对¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、HSQC、HMBC等谱图的解析,证明此类化合物存在因分子内环合所致的互变异构现象．该现象可用于解释使用化合物2a为原料,甲磺酰化后再与伯胺反应生成哌啶衍生物产率低下的原因．     

尿酸结石患者尿液中的微晶组分及其与结石形成的关系

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、纳米粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了10例尿酸结石患者尿微晶的组分、Zeta电位、形貌及其与尿酸结石形成的关系.结果表明,尿酸结石患者的尿pH值较低,大都在4.8～5.7之间;尿微晶的主要成分为尿酸.其粒度分布很不均匀,从几纳米到几十微米不等,并有聚集现象.相比健康对照者尿纳米微品的Zeta电位(-10.1mV),尿酸结石患者的Zeta电位负值更小(-6.02 mV).对这些患者进行药物治疗(服用柠檬酸钾)后,尿pH可上升到6.5左右,此时尿液中的大部分尿酸转变为溶解度显著增加的尿酸盐,因此,尿酸结石形成的危险性显著降低.本文结果表明,尿石组分、尿微晶组分及尿pH三者之间存在密切的联系.     

模拟同号电荷静电场的实验

普通物理实验中,用直流电流场模拟静电场,必须要有正负电极,而目前生产的静电场描绘仪,只能模拟等量异号电荷的电场。同号电荷的静电场也是典型的静电场之一,用实验的方法描绘出来,对电磁学的教学无疑是有意义的。一、等位面电极的设计和制作要模拟同号电荷的场,除必须设置两个电位相等的同性电极外,还必须设置异性电极。根据静电场唯一性定理,如果把异性电极看作是二个同号电荷电场等位面,并做为电场区域的边界,则边界内部每一点的电位     

多酸有机亚胺衍生物的紫外-可见光谱及其取代基效应

以(Bu₄N)₄[α-Mo₈O₂₆]和各种取代苯胺及其盐酸盐为原料, 在碳二环己基亚胺(DCC)存在下, 经脱水反应,合成了多种六钼酸根有机亚胺衍生物, 并用元素分析,1H-NMR,IR和UV-Vis光谱等进行表征,重点研究了六钼酸根有机亚胺衍生物在乙腈溶液中的紫外光谱。研究结果表明,该类化合物具有典型的分子内电子转移的紫外-可见光谱特征,其特征峰位移Δλ_max与苯胺的苯环取代基的共轭效应指数(σ_R)之间存在良好的线性关系。     

Phase diagram of two-dimensional binary Yukawa mixtures

We have used Ramakrishnan–Yussouff (RY) density functional theory (DFT) to explore the topology of the phase diagram of two-component charge stabilised colloidal suspensions confined to a two-dimensional plane. The particles of the system interact via purely repulsive soft core Yukawa potential. Pair correlation functions (PCFs) used as input informations in DFT were calculated by solving both the hypernetted chain (HNC) and Percus–Yevick (PY) integral equation theories. To test the relative performance of the HNC and PY theories in the context of phase transitions, we have also studied the corresponding one-component systems. We found that RY DFT with HNC PCFs does not stabilise solid in both the one- and two-component cases, whereas the PY theory does. By considering the freezing into the substitutionally disordered triangular solid, we found that the temperature-composition phase diagrams of the binary mixture are narrow spindles whose thickness depends on the symmetry of the mixture components and the value of the screening constant of the Yukawa potential. Although the phase diagram obtained by RY DFT with structural inputs calculated by the PY theory is found to be shifted to higher temperature region in the temperature-composition plane, however, it captures qualitatively all the essential features of the phase diagram. Our results are in principle verifiable through computer simulations and experiments.     

Synthesis of palladium nanoshell using a layer-by-layer technique

Complete palladium nanoshells were prepared by reducing palladium ions in a one-step reaction onto preformed silica cores of ca. 90 nm, which had been coated with successive layers of poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride), poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) and finally poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) to reverse the zeta potential of the silica cores. This constitutes the first reported method for complete palladium nanoshell formation without the use of other metals as nucleation sites. The morphology of the nanoshell is of the rough discrete particle type rather than the smooth continuous type.     

Direct synthesis of luminescent SiC quantum dots in water by laser ablation

Direct synthesis of luminescent SiC quantum dots in pure deionized water by laser ablation is reported. A zeta‐potential of –49 mV, higher than for nanoparticles produced by electrochemical etching, suggests a higher colloidal stability of the laser‐produced nanoparticles. IR spectroscopy shows that surface charges related to carboxylate anions ensure long‐term stability of the colloidal solutions based on the as‐prepared SiC quantum dots. Main radiative channel at room temperature corresponds to the recombination of quantumly confined photogenerated charge carriers. Emission from the nanoparticles is mainly centred at 2.75 eV regardless of laser power used for ablation. According to photoluminescence spectra, a partial transformation of the SiC quantum dots from cubic to hexagonal crystalline arrangement is supposed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Zeta potential of colloidal particle in solvent primitive model electrolyte solution: a density functional theory study

A systematic study of zeta potential for a spherical double layer (SDL) around a colloidal particle in electrolyte solutions, is performed using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulation. The usual recipe under the solvent primitive model is employed to model the system, where macroion, counterions, and coions are represented by charged hard spheres of uniform charge density and the presence of solvent is taken into account by modelling it as neutral hard spheres. All the components of the system are embedded in a dielectric continuum in order to consider the electrostatic effect of the solvent. The density functional theory employs a suitable weighted density approximation to calculate the hard-sphere contribution, whereas the residual electrostatic interactions are calculated as a small perturbation around the uniform fluid. The zeta potential profiles of a SDL in the presence of a number of electrolytes have been calculated and are found to be considerably influenced in the presence of solvent with an increase in the concentration of the electrolyte. The theory successfully predicts the maxima and sign reversal of the zeta potential profiles at high macroion surface charge density and in the presence of multivalent counterions, as obtained from the Monte Carlo simulation.     

Construction of AFLT States by Reflection Method and Recursion Formula

The AFLT states ｜P〉Y1,Y2 has reflection symmetry, S^n｜P〉Y1,Y2 = ｜- P〉Y2,Y2, nb =-2P, where S is the screening charge. AFLT state can be constructed using this reflect symmetry. We propose a recursion formula for this construction. The recursion formula is factorized completely.     

聚磷硫酸铁的形貌结构与絮凝机理

采用红外(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD),确定了聚磷硫酸铁(PPFS)的结构组成,PPFS是一种高电荷的多羟基多核络合物,电镜扫描(SEM)表征分析,PPFS具有簇状类珊瑚礁立体网状的形貌结构;混凝烧杯试验说明,PPFS在絮凝时不是以电中和机理为主,吸附架桥和网捕卷扫作用才是它具有优异混凝效果的主要原因,zeta电位值证实了该推测.PPFS的絮凝机理可能是:电中和作用能有效地降低水中胶体的ζ电位致使胶体脱稳,之后PPFS发挥吸附架桥作用、网捕及卷扫作用最终有效地去除污水中的各种物质,所以PPFS是电中和、吸附架桥和网捕卷扫几种作用的综合体现.     

Adsorption and kinetic studies of L-leucine as an inhibitor on mild steel in acidic media

L-Leucine is evaluated as a potential inhibitor for mild steel in acidic medium by galvanostatic polarization and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The electrochemical results were supplemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared studies (IR).The electrochemical polarization results show that L-leucine is most effective at 10⁻¹ M concentration at room temperature (298 K). The efficiencies were found to decrease with decrease in concentration and increase in temperature. Electrochemical results also show that L-leucine acts as a mixed type of inhibitor (blocks the cathodic and anodic sites to same extent) which is evident from insignificant shift of open circuit potential.Potentiostatic polarization data shows that they are passivating type of inhibitors. The effect of this inhibitor on anodic reaction is mainly attributed to physical adsorption of the additive on the anodic metal surface and the electron pairs on oxygen atoms. This additive exists in the protonated form (a positive charge on nitrogen atom) in the present acid medium. Therefore, on the cathodic sites, the interaction between additive and metal surface is thought to be electrostatic in nature.The results of SEM and IR data supplement the results obtained by electrochemical techniques.     

明胶-银的胶态行为研究

分别了UV／VIS、IR光谱、TEM和电导、电泳 等方法研究了明胶蛋白同银离子间的相互作用。研究了介质的pH、温度等条件对明胶同银（I）离子作用的影响;明胶－银凝胶体系在233和422nm有最大吸收;银氨配离子在碱性条件下还原为银粒而被明胶吸附形成超细银凝胶。胶团本身带正电荷 ,胶粒粒径在30nm左右,双电层的电动电位为0.014-0.016V.     

Nonlinear effects in the electrophoresis of a spherical colloidal particle

The reduced electrophoretic mobility-reduced zeta potential relationship for a charged macroparticle is shown to be nonuniversal and to be highly nonlinear. In agreement with experimental results, a mobility reversal due to the macroion's charge inversion and a nonlinear dependence of the mobility on salt concentration is obtained.