铋膜电极电位溶出法测定痕量铅、镉、锌

研究了用铋膜电极替代汞膜电极测定痕量重金属元素铅、镉和锌的电位溶出法。实验了同位镀铋膜及测定重金属特别是痕量铅的条件。实验结果表明：铅、镉、锌在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰，峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近，使用铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。利用铋膜电极电位溶出法测定了水样及血样中痕量铅的含量。     

固体汞合金电极电位溶出法同时测定痕量锌、镉、铅

固体汞合金电极电位溶出法同时测定痕量锌、镉、铅;固体汞合金电极;电位溶出法;锌;镉;铅     

预镀铋膜阳极溶出伏安法测定废水中微量铅和镉

本文采用预镀铋膜法修饰玻碳电极,并用该电极对废水中微量铅和镉同时进行了阳极溶出伏安法测定,研究了预镀铋膜测定铅和镉的条件。实验结果表明:铅和镉在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰,峰高和溶出电位与汞膜电极法相近,使用预镀铋膜电极可避免使用汞电极带来的环境污染。     

玻璃石墨金膜电极电位溶出法测定锡

目前电位溶出法常用的工作电极为汞膜电极,常用的氧化剂为溶解氧或汞(Ⅱ)和铬(Ⅵ)。在伏安溶出法中,采用金膜电极仅用于碲、砷、汞、锗等离子的测定,在电位溶出法中也有报导,但就地镀金膜电极电位溶出法尚未见记载。我们经过研究,成功地采用就地镀金的金膜电极对铜、铋、锑、铅进行了测定,蓝对该方法的机理进行了定量推导和探讨。本文进一步用就地镀金膜电极对锡进行了测定,溶液中的Sn(Ⅳ)和Sn(Ⅱ)首先被还原富集于金膜     

微分电位溶出法测定涂料中痕量铅

涂料样品1份置于瓷坩埚中,于105℃烘干除去有机溶剂,加热炭化并在475～500℃灼烧1 h后,残渣溶于稀硝酸中供微分电位溶出法测定用。在含有1 mol·L~(-1)硝酸钾、pH 0.5的酸性介质中,工作电极施加上-1.10 V还原电位,40 s使铅在汞膜旋转园盘玻碳电极上还原并汞齐化。在氧化剂作用下,使富集在工作电极上的铅汞齐重新脱溶下来,并记录-0.10～-0.90 V之间的微分电位溶出曲线,铅离子的溶出峰电位为-0.46 V(vs.SCE),采用标准曲线法计算求得样品中铅含量。铅的质量浓度在4～500μg·L~(-1)范围内与其峰高呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为1μg·L~(-1)。     

铋膜电极微分电位溶出法测定生物材料中痕量铅

研究了镀铋膜电极替代镀汞膜电极痕量铅的微分电位溶出分析法(DPSA)。考察并优化了同位镀铋膜测定铅的条件。结果表明,在HAc-NaAc(pH=4.4)介质中,铅可在镀铋膜电极上得到灵敏的微分电位溶出峰;利用标准加入法对人尿及血中痕量铅进行了测定。本法避免了镀汞膜电极对人体健康及环境的危害。     

微分电位溶出法测定白酒中微量铅

应用微分电位溶出法测定白酒中微量铅,测定时采用三电极系统(镀汞玻碳电极,饱和甘汞电极,铂电极)。在pH2.0～5.0酸度条件下,铅(Ⅱ)在-1.10V预富集60s,在-0.10～-0.90V区间记录溶出电位,铅(Ⅱ)的溶出电位在-0.44V。铅(Ⅱ)的溶出峰高与铅(Ⅱ)浓度在0～10μg·L-1区间内呈线性关系。方法的检出限为0.2ng·ml-1,RSD(n=6)为1.17%,回收率为96%,与AAS法作比较,结果一致。     

玻碳电极阳极溶出法测定氯化金中痕量铜铅

本文报道用示波极谱阳极溶出法测定氯化金中痕量铜、铅。采用环戊醇萃取除去大量基体金,残留在水相中的少量金用还原剂还原后,采用玻碳电极为工作电极,在pH 3.3的盐酸介质中测量-0.11V电位处铜的溶出峰。然后再萃取除去铜,测量-0.55V处铅的溶出峰。铜量在1—200ng/mL、铅量在10—800ng/mL范围内与峰电流均呈良好的线性关系。标准加料回收试验的回收率为85—105％。由于使用非汞电极,避免了通常极谱法中汞的污染。     

三元络合物微分阳极溶出伏安法测定亚硝酸根

基于NOi_2~-可以与Pb~(2+)和SCN~-形成稳定的三元络合物,NO_2~-的存在会抑制Pb~(2+)的还原富集,使铅的微分溶出峰电流i_p~′减小,根据其减小值△i_p~′,可以间接测定NO_2~-。工作电极为玻碳电极,预电解电位为—0.75V(vs. SCE),铅的溶出峰电位为—0.5V(vs. SCE)。本文对测定条件,干扰及其消除方法进行了研究。测定下限为2×10~(-11) mol/L,大量硝酸根不干扰。     

锑电极电位溶出法测定锌、镉、铅

提出了采用锑电极作为工作电极同时测定痕量重金属锌、镉、铅的电位溶出法。探讨了同时测定锌、镉、铅的最佳条件。在pH=5.0的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+分别在-1.07、-0.70、-0.52 V得到灵敏的电位溶出峰。沉积时间为60 s时,锌、镉、铅的质量浓度分别在0~16.0、0~1.6、0~0.08 μg/mL范围内,与各自微分电位溶出峰高呈线性关系,检出限分别为4.0、0.3、0.03 μg/L。测定了水样中痕量锌、镉、铅的含量,结果令人满意。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.