一种新型热作模具钢的高温磨损性能研究

采用球盘式高温摩擦磨损试验机,对针对某特殊工况自行研制的一种新型热作模具钢在室温、200、400、500和600℃下进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验,研究了该钢的磨损行为和磨损机制,并测试了不同温度磨损后材料亚表层的应变硬化区深度.结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,钢的磨损率呈现先升高,后降低再升高的趋势;摩擦系数随着温度增加先降低后升高;室温和200℃下磨损时其磨损机制主要为疲劳磨损;随着环境温度升高到400和500℃时,磨损表面生成一层致密氧化物并随着温度升高而增厚,呈轻微氧化磨损特征;600℃时,高温磨损表面的氧化物层继续增厚,但在试验载荷持续挤压下,氧化层出现破裂剥落,磨损率急剧升高,表现为氧化磨损;材料亚表层在磨损后产生明显的应变硬化,硬化效果随温度的升高先增强后减弱.     

高温条件下热固性聚酰亚胺摩擦学性能研究

以3,3,4’,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐(s-BPDA)、4,4’-二氨基二苯醚(4,4’-ODA)、3,4’-二氨基二苯醚(3,4’-ODA)、4-苯乙炔苯酐(4-PEPA)为前驱体,设计并制备了热固性聚酰亚胺.采用球盘式高温摩擦磨损试验机进行室温(25℃)、100、200、250、300和350℃条件下的滑动摩擦磨损试验.通过表征不同温度磨损后的材料和对偶表面形貌,研究了其高温条件下的摩擦行为和磨损机制.结果表明:随着环境温度的升高,热固性聚酰亚胺的磨损率呈现先升高,后降低再升高的趋势;而摩擦系数却一直降低.这种趋势归结于聚合物接触表面机械性能的改变.不同温度条件下的磨损机理也是不同的,25和100℃条件下的磨损主要为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损;随着环境温度升高到200℃时,磨损表面部分链段易于剪切,形成一层均匀的转移膜而降低了磨粒磨损;当温度升高至250、300以及350℃时,磨损表面的分子链段运动更加剧烈,在试验载荷持续挤压下,分子链间作用力破坏而剥落,磨损率急剧升高,表现为黏着磨损,并且环境温度越高,磨损率越大.     

线性高温壁面多孔介质传热研究

以多孔介质为研究对象,采用整场求解法分析了多孔介质温度场和流场随Ra数的变化.研究结果表明:随着Ra增加,由开始流线均匀分布为一个顺时针大窝,逐渐变化为一个顺时针大窝,一个逆时针小窝;流线出现分叉现象;流线分布在两个窝中间和外侧,即流场在小窝中间剧烈流动而在大窝中央基本上保持静止状态;当Ra很小时,热的传输主要依靠传导作用,随着Ra数逐渐增大,对流作用成为热传输的主要动力;当Ra数小于105时,高温壁面Nu数基本在-110～-17间变化,最大值发生在底部,最大值为17,最小值发生在上部,最小值为-110.     

颗粒毛细效应影响因素的离散元分析

颗粒毛细效应是指将一根细管插入填充有颗粒物质的容器中并对管施加竖直振动时颗粒在管内上升并最终达到一个稳定的高度的现象, 该现象为颗粒物料的逆重力输运提供了一种潜在的技术途径. 为探究颗粒毛细效应的影响因素, 采用离散元方法, 模拟再现了颗粒毛细效应过程,展示了不同管径下颗粒竖直方向速度演变特性, 考察了不同容器宽度和振动条件下颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的演变规律. 结果表明, 在容器宽度与粒径比为40、管振幅与粒径比为14.33、管振动频率为12 Hz情况下, 管径与粒径比$D/d = 3.33$时, 管内颗粒堵塞严重, 使得颗粒上升缓慢,并造成颗粒柱中断; $D/d = 8.33$时, 起初毛细上升高度增加迅速, 随后毛细上升高度的增大逐渐减缓, 管内颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度; $D/d =15$时, 随着颗粒毛细上升高度的增大, 管内颗粒柱分离为速度截然不同的两层, 上层颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度, 而下层颗粒存在明显的速度梯度.研究还发现, 在毛细效应能够发生的管径范围内, 存在一个对应于颗粒最终毛细上升高度最大值的临界管径, 当管径小于临界管径时, 颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而增大, 当管径大于临界管径时, 颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而趋于减小; 增大容器宽度,临界管径有所增大; 增大振幅、适当提高频率能够有效促进临界管径的增大.      

低温环境下矿井提升钢丝绳摩擦磨损特性研究

为探究低温环境下矿井缠绕提升钢丝绳之间的滑动摩擦磨损特性,使用自制的低温环境钢丝绳摩擦磨损试验装置,以6×19+FC钢丝绳为研究对象,探究低温环境下干摩擦和水油润滑状态下钢丝绳的摩擦磨损特性. 研究结果表明:干摩擦时,摩擦系数随环境温度的降低小幅增大,在?25 ℃时达到最大值,约0.85. 油水润滑状态时,摩擦系数、磨损面积和磨损深度均明显小于干摩擦状态,平均磨损面积减小了约3倍,平均磨损深度减小了约7倍,平均摩擦系数随环境温度的降低先增大后减小,在?15 ℃时达到最大值,约0.35. 此外,随着温度的降低,干摩擦状态时钢丝绳的磨损机理由氧化磨损和磨粒磨损转变为疲劳磨损和黏着磨损;油水润滑状态时,钢丝绳的氧化磨损减弱,黏着磨损先加重后减弱.      

颗粒毛细效应影响因素的离散元分析

颗粒毛细效应是指将一根细管插入填充有颗粒物质的容器中并对管施加竖直振动时颗粒在管内上升并最终达到一个稳定的高度的现象,该现象为颗粒物料的逆重力输运提供了一种潜在的技术途径.为探究颗粒毛细效应的影响因素,采用离散元方法,模拟再现了颗粒毛细效应过程,展示了不同管径下颗粒竖直方向速度演变特性,考察了不同容器宽度和振动条件下颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的演变规律.结果表明,在容器宽度与粒径比为40、管振幅与粒径比为14.33、管振动频率为12 Hz情况下,管径与粒径比D/d=3.33时,管内颗粒堵塞严重,使得颗粒上升缓慢,并造成颗粒柱中断; D/d=8.33时,起初毛细上升高度增加迅速,随后毛细上升高度的增大逐渐减缓,管内颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度; D/d=15时,随着颗粒毛细上升高度的增大,管内颗粒柱分离为速度截然不同的两层,上层颗粒在管径方向几乎不存在速度梯度,而下层颗粒存在明显的速度梯度.研究还发现,在毛细效应能够发生的管径范围内,存在一个对应于颗粒最终毛细上升高度最大值的临界管径,当管径小于临界管径时,颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而增大,当管径大于临界管径时,颗粒最终毛细上升高度随管径的增大而趋于减小;增大容器宽度,临界管径有所增大;增大振幅、适当提高频率能够有效促进临界管径的增大.     

MoS2和PTFE改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用玄武三号栓-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了炭纤维织物及辐照PTFE粉和MoS2粉改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,考察了MoS2的添加量及环境温度对改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响,并用配备X射线能量色散谱的扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面和偶件栓表面进行了观察和分析.结果表明:MoS2改性炭纤维织物可以明显改善炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,而PTFE的加入则不利于其摩擦磨损性能的改善;当MoS2质量分数在5%～15%之间时,MoS2可以有效降低炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦系数;当MoS2质量分数为10%时,MoS2改性炭纤维织物复合材料的综合摩擦磨损性能最佳;在不同温度条件下,MoS2改性炭纤维织物复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率均低于炭纤维织物材料;当温度达到240 ℃时,炭纤维织物复合材料的磨损率急剧增大,但MoS2改性炭纤维织物复合材料的磨损率比炭纤维织物材料降低近35%.     

风机叶片覆冰机理与预测分析

高原和寒冷地区风能资源十分丰富,风机在此地区运行时叶片表面极易出现覆冰现象.针对寒区风机叶 片覆冰问题,本文首先明确覆冰机理以及主要的影响参数;基于数值模拟分析在冻雨条件下,环境因素和叶片几何参数对叶片覆冰的影响.结果表明,当温度不变,风速从2 m/s增加到4 m/s时,叶片表面的最大覆冰厚度增幅高达117％;当风速从4 m/s到10 m/s时,最大冰厚增幅逐渐减小到0.9％,覆冰质量随着风速的增加呈线性增长.当风速不变,温度从-1℃降到-2℃时,叶片表面的覆冰质量和最大冰厚分别增加71％和24％;当温度从-2℃到-5℃时,覆冰质量和最大冰厚增幅减小到1.7％和0.9％.当温度和风速在某一固定值时,覆冰质量和最大厚度随着叶片相对厚度和攻角的增加而增大.     

可变节流高度气浮支承结构设计及动态性能分析

为了使气浮支承的承载力动态可调,设计了一种可变节流高度气浮支承. 通过建立气浮支承计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模型,利用CFD动网格技术来模拟小孔节流器的运动,研究小孔节流器的结构参数、运动参数及气浮支承的工作参数对可变节流高度气浮支承动态性能的影响. 结果表明:通过调节小孔节流器的节流高度可以明显改变气浮支承的承载力;在只考虑单一变量的前提下,气浮支承承载力的波动量随着小孔节流器的运动幅值、运动频率、节流高度、直径和气浮支承供气压强的增加而增加,但随着气膜厚度的增大而减小;当小孔节流器直径较小时,随着小孔节流器运动频率的增加,气浮支承动刚度的增幅很小,但当小孔节流器直径增大时,随着小孔节流器运动频率的增加,气浮支承动刚度的增幅会明显变大.      

电场作用下纳米颗粒与竖直壁面的碰撞效率

着重考虑了电场作用下,壁面排斥力对颗粒-壁面碰撞效率的影响. 采用Matlab 中的龙格库塔方法,对颗粒-壁面碰撞的压缩阶段及回弹阶段的动力学方程组进行求解,并对Maxwell 速度分布进行积分获得不同速度方向下的碰撞效率. 研究表明,颗粒的碰撞效率随着碰撞角度的增加而增大,并最终达到一个临界值,即完全凝并时的碰撞效率;且颗粒的碰撞效率将因壁面排斥力的影响而减小,即壁面排斥力在一定程度上阻碍了颗粒的凝并.      

ANALYSIS ON CYCLONE COLLECTION EFFICIENCIES AT HIGH TEMPERATURES

In order to predict the influence of operating temperature on cyclone performance, an experimental investigation on particle separation was conducted in a 300 mm diameter, tangential volute-inlet and reverse flow cy-clone separator with air heated up to 973 K. The test powder silica has a mean mass diameter of 10 microns and the inlet velocity ranges from 12 m.s-1 to 36 m-s-1. Both the overall efficiency and fractionai efficiency of the cyclone were measured as a function of the inlet velocity and operating temperature. It is shown that at the same inlet velocity both the overall efficiency and fractionai efficiency decrease with an increase of temperature. An analysis of our own data and published results has shown that the fractionai efficiency of a cyclone is a defmite function of such dimensioniess numbers as Stokes number, Reynolds number, Froude number and dimensioniess cyclone inlet area and dimensioniess outlet diameter. A nondimensionai experimental correlation of the cyclone performance, inclu     

Topographic effects on polar low and tropical cyclone development in simple theoretical model

The polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices over topography are assumed to be the axisymmetrical and thermal-wind balanced systems, which are solved as an initial value problem of a linearized vortex equation set in cylindrical coordinates. The roles of the sensible and latent heating, friction, and topography in the structure and intensification of the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices are analyzed. The radial velocity, vertical velocity, azimuthal velocity, and the unstable growth rate including the topography effects are obtained. It is shown that the interaction between the flow and the topography plays a significant role in the structure and intensification of the polar low and tropical cyclone system. The analysis of the topography term indicates that, in the up-slope side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical ascent forced by the mountain can intensify the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and increase the unstable growth rate. However, in the lee side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical descent forced by the mountain can weaken the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and decrease the unstable growth rate of the polar low and tropical cyclone system. In addition, the evolutionary process and the spatial structure of the polar low observed over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003 are investigated with the observational data to verify this theoretical result.     

Numerical simulation on magnetic confinement characteristics of internal vortex electrostatic cyclone precipitator under different working voltages

Aiming at improving the capture performance of internal vortex electrostatic cyclone precipitator (ECP), a theoretical model with mechanics-electric-magnetic coupling was established, the collection efficiency of magnetic confinement ECP under different working voltages was simulated, and the influence of magnetic flux intensity on the removal performance of submicron particles was explored. Results show that the number of particles escaped from the cyclone is greatly reduced after the introduction of magnetic field and electric field, indicating that charging effect and magnetic confinement are more conductive to trap submicron particles in the internal vortex ECP. The lower the working voltage is, the worse the charging lifting effect is, but the stronger the magnetic confinement characteristics are. Furthermore, the contributions of charging effect to collection efficiency and magnetic confinement characteristics are more obvious at a weaker magnetic flux density. The research results can provide a practical new idea for the innovative design of ECP.     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THREE DIMENSIONAL GAS-PARTICLE FLOW IN A SPIRAL CYCLONE

The three-dimension gas-particle flow in a spiral cyclone is simulated numerically in this paper. The gas flow field was obtained by solving the three-dimension Navier-Stokes equations with Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). It is shown that there are two regions in the cyclone, the steadily tangential flow in the spiral channel and the combined vortex flow in the centre. Numerical results for particles trajectories show that the initial position of the particle at the inlet plane substantially affects its trajectory in the cyclone. The particle collection efficiency curves at different inlet velocities were obtained and the effects of inlet flow rate on the performance of the spiral cyclone were presented. Numerical results also show that the increase of flow rate leads to the increase of particles collection efficiency, but the pressure drop increases sharply.     

SIMULATION OF TYPHOON'S ANOMALOUS TRACK (Ⅰ)──RANKINE VORTEX MODEL

I.IntroductionTropicalcycloneisoneoftheseverestnaturaldisasterswhichcausescatastrophicdamages.StatisticshaveshownthatthenumberoftheinjuredandeconomicallossescausedbytyphooninChinarankthefirstandthedeathtollthesecond.Soitisimportanttoilllprovethetbrecastingaccuracyofthetyphoon'strackandalleviatethedisastersespeciallytarChina.Foralongtime.forecastingerrorintrackisalwaysilroUnd400---500kilometerill72hours.Scientistsilssumethatsucherrormaybeuttributedtotiletyphoon'sinnerilsymmctricttIstructure,…     

On basic equations of turbulent swirling gas-solid flows and their application in cyclones

The basic equations of turbulent gas-solid flows are derived by using the pseudo-fluid model of particle phase with a refined two-phase turbulence model. These equations are then applied to swirling gas-particle flows for analyzing the collection efficiency in cyclone separators.     

SIMULATION OF TYPHOON’S ANOMALOUS TRACK (Ⅰ)──RANKINE VORTEX MODEL

This paper proposes a method for simualting symmetric and simulating symmetric and asymmetric typhoonby using Rankine vortex model. Considering similarity between tropical cyclone andthe Rankine vortex,the paper has qualitatively discussed the feasibility of the methods In order to decide quantitatively Rankine vortex’s parameters to simulate typhoon’s structure, the paper has dealt with TCM data.for Yancy Typhoon (9012) as initial fields.. These results are considered as a foundation for further studying typhoon motion by CD approach.     

Experimental and numerical study of a gas cyclone with a central filter

This paper studies a novel gas cyclone with a cylindrical filter face installed in the center from the vortex finder to the bottom hopper. The experimental results show that this composite cyclone has a higher collection efficiency and a lower pressure drop than the original cyclone. The mechanisms for the improvement are analyzed by both physical experiments and numerical simulations. By measuring dust samples collected at different places it is revealed that the center filter can prevent fine particles from entering the inner vortex and escaping, which accounts for the increase of the collection efficiency. In addition, the flow field of the composite cyclone is simulated by computational fluid dynamics and compared with that of the original cyclone. The analysis shows that with the filter layer installed, the swirling flow disappears in the vortex finder, which decreases the kinetic energy dissipation and hence lowers the pressure drop.     

Seamless MESO-NH modeling over very large grids

With the computing power it brings, the new generation of massively parallel computers allows one to perform a “seamless” modeling of weather on large grids, but it requires a large parallel computing capability for the models. Due to improvements in this direction in the meteorological model of the French research community MESO-NH, a computing performance of over 4 Teraflop/s was obtained with 130 000 cores on the machine of the European computer center PRACE. This is a first in France for a weather code. A high resolution simulation, covering the Atlantic and Europe, of the tropical cyclone Helene and its interaction with a planetary wave was also conducted, for which the excellent result gives hope to an improved weather forecasting in Europe.     

Simulation of tropical-cyclone-like vortices in shallow-water ICON-hex using goal-oriented r-adaptivity

We demonstrate how efficient r-adapted grids for the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks can be constructed with the help of goal-oriented error estimates. The binary interaction of TCs in a barotropic model is used as a test case. We perform a linear sensitivity analysis for this problem to evaluate the contribution of each grid cell to an error measure correlated with the cyclone positions. This information allows us to estimate the local grid resolution required to minimize the TC position error. An algorithm involving the solution of a Poisson problem is employed to compute how grid points should be moved such that the desired local resolution is achieved. A hexagonal shallow-water version of the next-generation numerical weather prediction and climate model ICON is used to perform model runs on these adapted grids. The results show that for adequately chosen grid adaptation parameters, the accuracy of the track prediction can be maintained even when a coarser grid is used in regions for which the estimated error contribution is low. Accurate track predictions are obtained only when a grid with high resolution consisting of cells with nearly constant size and regular shape covers the part of the domain where the estimated error contribution is large. The number of grid points required to achieve a certain accuracy in the track prediction can be decreased substantially with our approach.