岛屿地形对极地低压和热带气旋发展的线性理论模型和观测资料分析

基于轴对称和热成风平衡系统,研究了柱坐标系中的线性涡旋动力学方程组的初值问题,分析了岛屿地形对极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的影响,同时分析了感热和潜热,摩擦和地形在极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的强度和结构演变中的作用.通过对地形影响下的流体运动的径向和法向速度,以及垂直速度和流体运动的不稳定增长率的分析指出,流动和地形的相互作用对极地低压和热带气旋类系统的强度和结构演变起着非常重要的作用. 在岛屿山脉地形的迎风坡上,地形强迫的径向入流气流和垂直上升运动有利于极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的加强和发展,有利于加强流体的不稳定增长率.但是,在山脉地形的背风侧,地形强迫的径向入流气流和垂直下沉运动,有利于极地低压和热带气旋类涡旋的减弱和消亡,有利于减弱流体的不稳定增长率.同时,基于气象观测资料分析了2003年12月19日发生在日本海上的一次极地低压生消和演变过程,所得到的观测事实和理论分析具有较好的一致性,并在此基础上讨论了极地低压和台风涡旋,斜压背风涡旋和斜压锢囚涡旋的生消机制和演变特征的异同.     

Topographic effects on polar low and tropical cyclone development in simple theoretical model

The polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices over topography are assumed to be the axisymmetrical and thermal-wind balanced systems, which are solved as an initial value problem of a linearized vortex equation set in cylindrical coordinates. The roles of the sensible and latent heating, friction, and topography in the structure and intensification of the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortices are analyzed. The radial velocity, vertical velocity, azimuthal velocity, and the unstable growth rate including the topography effects are obtained. It is shown that the interaction between the flow and the topography plays a significant role in the structure and intensification of the polar low and tropical cyclone system. The analysis of the topography term indicates that, in the up-slope side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical ascent forced by the mountain can intensify the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and increase the unstable growth rate. However, in the lee side of the mountain, the radial inflow and the vertical descent forced by the mountain can weaken the polar low and tropical cyclone type vortex and decrease the unstable growth rate of the polar low and tropical cyclone system. In addition, the evolutionary process and the spatial structure of the polar low observed over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003 are investigated with the observational data to verify this theoretical result.