工业多用途工具：微波激励KW级CO2激光器

提高气体放电的功率注入密度，是进一步发展工业用高功率ＣＯ２激光器的关键．为此，我们采用自制的变形 Ｍａｇｉｃ Ｔ型微波放电腔，克服了由于高频趋肤效应引起的放电不均匀，实现了大体积的均匀的微波辉光放电．在用于激励高功率ＣＯ２激光的原理性实验中，获得大于１ｋｗ的激光输出功率，光电效率优于２５％，首次达到商用水平．     

复合腔全光纤环形激光器单纵模双向同时激射的实验研究

提出并实验证实了三能级掺杂光纤复合腔环形激光器共振选模振荡原理和腔内自建可饱和吸收机制对双向行波共振谱的去耦作用，并实现复合腔掺Ｅｒ＾３＋全光纤环形激光器单纵蓦以向同时激射。     

氮ECR微波等离子体的电子能量分布研究

为了对ＧａＮ薄膜低温生长提供更多的活性氮，在一个腔耦合电子回旋共振（ＥＣＲ）半导体加工装置上，用朗谬探针和二次微分理论，研究了氮ＥＣＲ等离子体的实际电子能量分布。发现它们都是非麦克斯韦分布，含有高能电子，而且随着放电气压的下降和微波功率的增加，高能电子成分增加。     

激光振荡模的耦合与模式观察实验

在激光的行波放大、传输及其他应用场合,有可能要求将激光耦合刭另一个激光谐振腔或光学传输线中去。一个激光器共振腔产生的基模注入到另一个共振腔中去,它会产生除基模以外的其他模式。若恰当地选择     

电子回旋共振微波等离子体及其在材料科学中的应用

 低气压、低温放电方面的一个重要的最新进展是电子回旋共振(ECR)放电。这种技术首先是在核聚变研究中发展起来的。最初,它被用于磁镜实验装置产生和加热等离子体,后来,又被发展成为托卡马克、串级磁镜等聚变装置实验中进行等离子体加热的主要手段之一,即电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)。目前,这一高技术已被移植到各种低温等离子体应用之中,显示了蓬勃的生命力。电子回旋共振微波等离子体是指:当输入的微波频率ω等于电子回旋共振频率ωce时,微波能量可以共振耦合给电子,获得能量的电子电离中性气体,产生放电。电子回旋频率为ωce=eB/m,e和m为电子电荷及其质量,B是磁场强度。     

ECR微波放电氩离子输运过程的研究

建立了电子回旋共振（ＥＣＲ）微波放电等离子体中离子输运过程的蒙特卡罗模型，考虑了离子与中性原子的电荷交换碰撞和弹性碰撞，以及精确依赖于离子能量的电荷交换和动量转移截面，模拟了源于氩气ＥＣＲ微波放电的氩离子向衬底输运的过程，得到与实验报道相符的模拟结果。     

发射光谱法研究微波增强微秒级脉冲辉光放电中样品原子的 …

利用自制微波增强微秒级脉中辉光放电装置，研究了黄铜样品原子的激发和扩散过程，结果表明，当放电气压低于１８０Ｐａ时，微波等离子体与辉光放电很好的耦合，当气压大于２００Ｐａ时，由于样品原子分别受到脉冲辉光放电与微波等离子体的激发，同一条共振线出现了在时间上独立的两个发射峰。利用两发射峰之间的关系可以计算出该工作条件下铜原子和锌原子的扩散速度分别约为１５０和１２９ｍ／ｓ，而辉光放电的最强激发点的约离溅射     

电子自旋共振实验g因子的准确测量方法

详细分析了用可调反射式谐振腔做电子自旋共振(ESR)实验测量g因子时应注意的2个问题:一是选择正确的共振波形测量共振时的微波频率;二是选择适当的测量方法测量共振磁场以消除扫描磁场和地磁场的影响.具体讨论了微波频率对电子自旋共振信号波形的影响,从理论上解释了共振信号的变化所反映的物理过程,给出了精确测量顺磁物质g因子的具体实验方法.     

共振腔内微波场强的测量方法

提出了一种利用定向耦合器确定共振腔内微波场强的新方法．该方法简单实用，引入误差较小．实验表明，这一方法得出的结果与现行方法符合很好．     

利用场耦合理论研究开放微波谐振腔

利用电磁场的等效原理，将一个开放微波腔等效于一个闭合边界微波腔（即封闭微波腔）和开放边界（即行波吸收边界）两部分，然后利用等效封闭微波腔的本征模式及其与开放边界的耦合，建立了关于开放微波腔模式（即模式场分布、频率、品质因子）的耦合方程组，其中开放边界为行波吸收边界.以X波段六腔渡越振荡管为例进行分析，将该振荡管等效为封闭微波腔和同轴输出结构两部分，用SUPPERFISH获得封闭腔的各个模式场分布及频率，然后根据封闭微波腔与开放边界的耦合，求得六腔渡越振荡管的工作模频率为9.25GHz，品质因子为115.2，与实验测量结果基本符合. 关键词： 微波腔 本征模式 场耦合 渡越振荡管     

Window breakdown caused by high-power microwaves

Physical mechanisms leading to microwave breakdown on windows are investigated for power levels on the order of 100 MW at 2.85 GHz. The test stand uses a 3-MW magnetron coupled to an S-band traveling wave resonator. Various configurations of dielectric windows are investigated. In a standard pillbox geometry with a pressure of less than 10^-6 Pa, surface discharges on an alumina window and multipactor-like discharges starting at the waveguide edges occur simultaneously. To clarify physical mechanisms, window breakdown with purely tangential electrical microwave fields is investigated for special geometries. Diagnostics include the measurement of incident/reflected power, measurement of local microwave fields, discharge luminosity, and X-ray emission. All quantities are recorded with 0.21-ns resolution. In addition, a framing camera with gating times of 5 ns is used. The breakdown processes for the case with a purely tangential electric field is similar to DC flashover across insulators, and similar methods to increase the flashover field are expected to be applicable     

Short-wave sectioned free-electron masers with Bragg resonators based on the traveling and quasi-critical wave coupling

We consider the possibility of implementation of a free-electron maser with a two-mirror resonator composed of modified and conventional Bragg mirrors, operated in the short-wave part of the millimeter-wave range. The use of a modified Bragg mirror based on the traveling and quasicritical wave coupling at the input of the interaction space permits the transverse-index selection of modes. Amplification of the synchronous co-propagating wave by an electron beam is reached mainly in the regular part of the resonator. Even slight reflections from the conventional output Bragg cavity, which directly couples the co- and counter-propagating traveling waves, turn out to be sufficient for generation of self-excited oscillations. It is shown that the new scheme of a free electron maser ensures the oscillation frequency stabilization with respect to the electron-energy variation. With the optimal choice of the parameters, the oscillation frequency is close to the cutoff frequency of a quasi-critical wave excited in the modified Bragg structure.     

Two-mirror resonator for studying high-pressure electrodeless microwave discharge

An electromagnetic centimeter-wave quasi-optical two-mirror open resonator is studied. The eigen-frequency spectrum of the resonator is determined and the Q factor is measured. The structure of a standing wave in the resonator is visualized by an electrodeless microwave discharge. The experimental results are compared with theoretical values.     

Free space excitation of novel “Fractional” whispering gallery mode dielectric resonators

Solutions to the main problems that limit the sensitivity of an electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectrometer on the basis of a whispering gallery mode dielectric resonator (WGMDR) are presented. The electromagnetic losses in the transition regions between the overmoded metallic waveguide, the overmoded dielectric waveguide and the mono-mode dielectric waveguide can be avoided by the free space excitation of the resonator that is proved to be very effective for suitably designed resonators. The EMR measurements on high-dielectric-loss samples can be safely developed employing the novel class of “fractional” WGMDRs, in which the usual traveling wave resonator is modified in a structurally stationary wave resonator. Several peculiarities of a fractional WGMDR, investigated both theoretically and experimentally, evidence the advantages of the application of this class of WGMDRs to EMR spectroscopy.     

基于同轴TM812模谐振腔的毫米波多注速调管

 研究了群聚电子注穿越同轴TM₈₁₂模谐振腔的换能效率和同轴TM₈₁₂模谐振腔中微波能量的提取方法,论证了其作为毫米波多注速调管的输出腔的可行性。研究结果表明:理想群聚电子注穿越同轴TM₈₁₂模谐振腔的换能效率可达3.29%,一般群聚电子注穿越同轴TM₈₁₂模谐振腔的换能效率可达1.86%;采用同轴TM₈₁₂模谐振腔与沿轴向的同轴线耦合可以实现微波能量的提取;在输出腔工作频率为100.945 GHz,外观品质因数为2 243情形下,根据估算,最大输出功率可达15 kW。     

Analysis of the instability in relativistic traveling wave tube

The relativistic traveling wave tube is an important high power microwave source. The corrugated cylindrical waveguide is usually used as slow wave structure of this device. Starting from wave equation and using boundary conditions, dispersion relation is derived for the corrugated waveguide, in which an intense relativistic electron beam propagates along the axis. Two cases which are shorter period and longer period are discussed in this paper respectively. The small signal gain of the relativistic traveling wave tube is analyzed and some conclusions are drawn. The analysis method presented in this paper can be extended to other types of slow wave structures of relativistic traveling wave tube.     

Impedance model of helical resonator discharge

Modeling and measurement results of the RF input impedance of a helical resonator discharge are given. A simple microstrip transmission line model is used to extract an equivalent circuit of a helical resonator discharge. The transmission line model consists of a grounded cylinder for RF shielding, a helical copper coil for RF heating, and a high density plasma. Transmission line parameters for an experimental helical resonator discharge chamber are extracted, and the results are compared with the measured results. The measured transmission line parameters for the experimental reactor are the characteristic impedance of 200 Ω, the attenuation constant of 6×10^-3 Np/m, and the wave number of 0.36 rad/m, which have good agreement with the calculated values     

Q-Band Loop-Gap Resonator for EPR Applications with Broadband-Shaped Pulses

Recently, Q-band-pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy has strongly advanced its performance by the introduction of high-power microwave amplifiers and the use of shaped pulses. For such applications, the resonator Q value has to be low enough to achieve sufficient bandwidth for short microwave pulses and to reduce the ring-down time after the pulses. However, a low Q value reduces the detection sensitivity as well as the conversion efficiency of the microwave input power to the magnetic field strength at the sample position. Therefore, the resonator Q value has to be optimized for a given microwave input power and specific application. We designed a three-loop/two-gap resonator using CST Microwave Studio for such applications, and tested its performance in comparison with a standard Bruker D2 Q-band microwave resonator by accomplishing broadband SIFTER experiments on a nitroxide model compound.     

Charge noise acting on graphene double quantum dots in circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture

We investigate the dephasing mechanisms induced by the charge noise and microwave heating effect acting on a graphene double quantum dot(DQD) capacitively coupled to a microwave resonator. The charge noise is obtained from DC transport current, and its contribution to dephasing is simultaneously determined by the amplitude response of the microwave resonator. A lowfrequency 1/f-type noise is demonstrated to be the dominant factor of the dephasing of graphene DQD. Furthermore, when the applied microwave power is larger than-90 d Bm, the dephasing rate of graphene DQD increases rapidly with the increase of microwave power, and fluctuates slightly with the applied microwave power smaller than-90 d Bm. Our results can be applied to suppress the impeditive influence on the dephasing of graphene-based devices associated with microwave input in the perspective investigations.     

Breakdown in air in a rising microwave field

Results are presented from studies of a high-pressure electrodeless breakdown in air at the focus of a standing wave in a high-Q quasi-optical two-mirror resonator pumped by single microwave pulses. In the experiment, the breakdown occurred at the front of the pulse of the resonator field. The breakdown field substantially exceeded the critical level and, under fixed conditions, showed a scatter from pulse to pulse. It is shown that the experimentally found excess in the threshold breakdown field over the critical level is due to the fact that the resonator field increases as a discharge plasmoid forms during breakdown and that the appearance of an electron initiating breakdown in a gas is a random event.