可见光诱导杂芳烃与脂肪醇的羟烷基化反应（英文）

发展了一种有效的可见光诱导的杂芳烃与脂肪醇的直接交叉脱氢偶联.该反应在水溶液中由过硫酸盐引发,不需要使用化学计量酸来活化杂环.通过氢原子转移(HAT)从醇瞬时生成的α-羟烷基自由基与一系列杂芳烃发生Minisci反应.该方法具有无需光催化剂、溶剂绿色环保、反应条件温和、起始材料容易获得和官能团耐受性广泛等优点.     

可见光催化喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮与醇C(sp~2)-H/O-H交叉脱氢偶联反应（英文）

杂环化合物和醇的C(sp~2)-H/O-H交叉脱氢偶联反应为制备杂环醚类化合物提供了一种原子和步骤经济性的方法.然而,已经报道的交叉脱氢偶联反应大部分需要使用过渡金属催化剂和/或者强氧化剂,不仅产生环境问题还增加分离成本.同时,这些合成方法还存在杂环化合物和醇的C(sp~2)-H/C(sp~3)-H交叉脱氢偶联反应的竞争反应,降低了反应的选择性和收率.喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮是生物活性物质和人工药物的核心骨架结构之一,合成多样性官能化的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮备受关注.近期多种C-3官能化喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮的合成方法被报道,但是目前没有一例通过无金属无强氧化剂条件下的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮与醇C(sp~2)-H/O-H交叉脱氢偶联反应合成3-烷氧基喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮的相关工作报道.值得一提的是,利用氧气作为氧化剂的可见光催化反应符合绿色化学的要求,在最近几年中发展迅速.本文报道了一种通过可见光催化的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮与醇的C(sp~2)-H/O-H交叉脱氢偶联反应合成3-烷氧基喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮化合物的绿色制备方法.首先通过对光催化剂、溶剂等参数的筛选,确定了最佳反应条件为喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮化合物0.3 mmol,醇0.9 mmol,乙腈1.5 m L, Acr~+-Mes Cl O_4~-2mol%,空气作为氧化剂, 3 W蓝光作为光源.在最佳条件下,含有供电子、吸电子取代基的喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮化合物和含有各种取代基的烷基醇都能很好地进行反应,得到36种目标化合物,产率70%～94%.另外,成功完成了克级放大实验和一锅法串联反应.机理研究证明,该反应是喹喔啉-2(1H)-酮化合物在光催化氧化作用下生成自由基正离子,醇作为亲核试剂选择性进攻自由基正离子的C3位,最后得到目标产物.     

微波协助下方便快捷的溴代芳烃均同偶联反应

芳香族的溴化物在钯催化剂和六丁基二锡存在下经过均同偶联反应能生成二联芳烃.该合成方法在微波协助下只需15min便可得到60%～84%的得率,具有方便、快捷、普适等特点.各种缺电子和富电子芳烃和杂环溴化物,如苯、噻吩、呋喃、吡啶、噻唑和嘧啶的溴化物均易偶联.此方法还适应于稠环芳烃如萘、喹啉、苯并噻吩和吲哚的溴化物,且与羟基、氨基、羧基、醛基、酰基、酯基、硝基、氰基等反应性基团相容.反应是通过溴代芳烃与六丁基二锡先原位生成芳烃有机锡,芳烃有机锡再与溴代芳烃发生Stille偶联反应进行的.     

钯催化芳烃/烯烃与烯丙酯的氧化Heck交叉偶联反应的最新研究进展

芳烃与烯烃通过两分子sp2-C—H键脱氢偶联,构建多取代烯烃的反应称之为氧化Heck反应或脱氢Heck反应,也叫Fujiwara-Moritani反应.在过去的几十年里,由于此类反应直接通过C—H键官能团化形成C—C键而备受关注.然而,绝大多数的此类转化只能适用于缺电子烯烃.富电子烯烃如烯丙酯或烯丙醚类化合物参与的氧化Heck偶联很少被报道.近几年来,我们课题组以及其他研究小组发展了一些十分高效的钯催化芳烃/烯烃与烯丙酯/烯丙醚的氧化脱氢偶联新方法.本文将概述这些有趣的、原子经济的氧化偶联反应的最新研究进展.     

单取代芳烃对位选择性碳氢活化反应研究

以单取代芳烃为芳基化试剂,以羰基为导向定位基团,研究了单取代芳烃对位选择性与芳香酮的交叉脱氢偶联反应。该方法的高选择性一方面体现在用作芳基化试剂的单取代芳烃能够单一选择性地发生对位碳氢活化,并生成对位取代产物;另一方面,作为弱导向基团的羰基具有优异的邻位导向定位作用,高选择性地发生羰基邻位碳氢键活化。此外,该方法还具有反应条件温和、反应效率高、底物范围广、氧化剂廉价易得等优点,为对位取代联芳基化合物的合成提供了一条切实可行的途径。     

方便快捷的叔丁醇钾催化的C-N交叉偶联反应

构建C-N键,在有机合成中占有非常重要的地位.本文介绍了一种简单、方便的合成芳香胺的方法.在100℃和二甲亚砜溶剂体系中,卤代芳烃分别和伯、仲两类胺在叔丁醇钾催化下经过1h反应,以45%～90%的收率,生成一系列芳香胺.方法进一步拓宽了叔丁醇钾催化的C-N交叉偶联反应的底物,并显示出独特的底物选择性,即对富电子卤代芳烃有很好的活性.据推测,本偶联反应是通过先形成苯炔中间体,再与胺发生交叉偶联的历程进行的.     

2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌/H~+作用下4-苯亚甲基-3-异色酮的分子内氧化偶联反应

多甲氧基菲-9-甲酸及酯是合成娃儿藤生物碱及其类似物的关键中间体.以4-(3,4-二甲氧基苯亚甲基)-6,7-二甲氧基-3-异色酮(6)为底物,2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰基苯醌(DDQ)/CH3SO3H作为氧化体系,没有得到预期的多甲氧基菲-9-甲酸内酯(1),意外产物经核磁共振等确定为两个新的3-取代苯基香豆素2,3.进一步的实验研究显示:底物发生分子内脱氢偶联为香豆素2而非菲环化合物1,是因为异色酮6苯环A上2位取代基的存在所致,其内酯环开环化合物10以及2,3-二苯基丙烯酸(12)的对比实验印证了该取代基对脱氢偶联反应选择性的影响;异色酮6氧化偶联为香豆素2的反应机理可能为酸解开环以及途经自由基正离子的脱氢偶联,香豆素3为DDQ氧化2的前体化合物8所得.     

芳香重氮盐参与的协同环加成反应

芳香重氮盐由于合成简单及多重反应性,在有机合成中占有重要地位.尽管芳香重氮盐的脱氮气交叉偶联反应、还原反应及与富电子芳烃的偶合反应已得到广泛应用,但是其参与的环加成反应却长期未受重视,在大学化学学习中也无相关介绍.值得注意的是,近年芳香重氮盐参与的成环反应日益增多,也为丰富和发展多样性的含氮杂环化合物提供了一种有效途径.因此,本文概述了芳香重氮盐协同环加成反应的最新进展及其在杂环合成方面的全新应用和机遇.     

咔唑基高价碘试剂参与的活化芳烃直接咔唑化反应研究

咔唑及其衍生物在医药和光电材料领域有着广泛的应用.合成了一种稳定的含有咔唑基团的环状高价碘试剂,该试剂属于苯并碘氧杂环类化合物,在Cu(I)催化条件下可以与芳烃底物反应,得到N-芳基咔唑衍生物,反应条件温和,适用于多种富电子芳烃,并提出了一个可能的自由基反应机理.     

可见光诱导下喹喔啉酮与吡咯衍生物的氧化偶联（英文）

发展了一种区域选择性的喹喔啉酮3-位氧化偶联富电子吡咯衍生物的方法.以Mes-Acr-Me⁺ClO₄^-(3 mol%)为光敏剂,空气氧为氧化剂,高收率得到喹喔酮与吡咯衍生物的氧化偶联产物.该方法底物的官能团适用范围广,反应高效绿色,可快速构建基于喹喔啉酮-吡咯衍生物的药物分子库.相同测试条件下的Stern-Volmer荧光淬灭实验表明缺电子芳烃1-甲基喹喔啉酮对光敏剂的淬灭速率常数K_q=1.2×10⁹ L·mol^-1·s^-1,而富电子芳烃1-甲基吡咯/1-甲基吲哚的淬灭常数约为1.06～1.07×10¹⁰ L·mol^-1·s^-1,后者的荧光淬灭速率几乎是前者的10倍.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.