基于交叉优势特色学科的大学化学创新实验教学体系构建与实践*

以大学化学与农林优势学科交叉融合为教学改革任务,构建“基础+模块”的大学化学实验创新教学体系,分别开展“项目式”教学、“科教融合”教学、“产学研”教学、“混合式”教学、“虚实结合”教学等五位一体的实验教学实践,并建立化学创新实验课程评价新体系。本化学创新实验教学体系改革明显提高了学生的实践动手能力与综合素质,为深入开展化学基础学科与农林优势学科交叉融合教学奠定一定基础。     

SPOC教学模式下课程思政教学设计与实践*——以无机及分析化学课程思政教学改革为例

依托SPOC的“自主学习+合班授课+小班讨论”教学模式,在对课程思政元素进行梳理和提炼的基础上,将思政元素融入到SPOC教学的全过程,通过“三结合”的教学方式形成本课程的教学特色。学生无记名问卷调查统计结果表明,在SPOC教学模式下开展课程思政教学是完全可行的,取得了良好的教学效果,学生满意度非常高。     

基于学生思维发展的初高中衔接教学*——相对原子质量

对化学义务教育阶段“相对原子质量”和高中阶段“物质的量及摩尔质量”教学进行了新的尝试和思考,探讨了深入理解“相对原子质量”的2个视角,同时开展了学生的自主探究活动,进一步实现学生思维和认知的持续发展,这也是基于初中教学与高中教学相衔接的一次探索和尝试,既可以应用于初中“相对原子质量”教学中的深入理解,也可以应用于高中“物质的量”教学时的衔接课程。     

化学师范生教学设计的评价研究*——以广州市某高校为例

利用化学教学设计评价量表(CTDES),对广州市某高校86名化学师范生在教育实习期间完成的教学设计进行评价,发现师范生在“认知与元认知”“社会文化与情感”“科学描述与应用”指标表现中等,在“一致性”指标表现较好。师范生在对“理论化学”和“描述化学”类课题进行教学设计时,在“认知与元认知”“社会文化与情感”“科学描述与应用”3个指标上的得分存在显著差异。     

高中化学“乙醛性质”的项目式教学*——解酒药的研制

以“解酒药的研制”为项目主题,开展高中化学“乙醛性质”的教学。学生通过完成“药物研发分析”“探秘致命物质,寻找救治办法”“药物新构想”等3个项目任务,掌握了乙醛的性质及其应用,构建了有机物结构分析和性质预测的思维模型,学会了对陌生有机物的分析与研究。运用手持技术数字化实验测定溶液酸碱性确定反应机理,锻炼了科学探究、合作交流、思维表达的能力。与课外活动有效整合、实验室仪器与试剂的保障、资料查阅、外援专家指导等是顺利完成本项目教学的关键。     

“互联网+”背景下“无机及分析化学”课程教学策略与实践*

提出了“互联网+”背景下,“无机及分析化学”课程教学“一核心、二目标、三探索、四构建”的教学策略。实施结果表明,基于学生发展的课程核心知识,以“具有解决复杂制药工程、化工工程、材料工程的化学基础知识”“为学习后续课程打下坚实基础”2个具体教学目标为导向,通过开展综合实践活动、案例教学、课程思政等3种教学改革探索,构建线上线下有机衔接的立方书、立体化线上教学资源、线上线下混合型教学模式及过程和结果相融合的SPOC教学模式下的课程评价体系4种教学举措,能有效提高课程教学质量。     

高中化学“次氯酸盐的性质”的项目式教学*——84消毒液的使用指南

以“84消毒液的使用指南”为主题,开展高中化学“次氯酸盐的性质”的教学。学生通过完成“一张图说清消毒剂”“探究84消毒液的漂白效果与酸碱性的关系”“探究84消毒液的漂白效果与光照的关系”“探究84消毒液的漂白效果与温度的关系”“84消毒液与酒精混合会有氯气吗”等5个项目任务,理解了次氯酸盐的性质及漂白原理,培养了学生的文献检索能力、实验探究能力以及发展了学生的高阶思维能力。将文献查阅与学生实验相结合,让学生在真实问题的解决中,完成次氯酸盐的性质等相关知识的内化,是顺利完成本项目教学的关键。     

高中化学“铁及其化合物”的项目式教学*——探秘铁肥的合理使用

以“探秘铁肥的合理使用”为主题,开展高中化学“铁及其化合物”的项目式教学。通过完成“确定铁肥的主要成分”“检验铁肥是否变质”“铁肥的合理使用”等3个任务,学生学会不同价态铁元素化合物的转化和检验方法,形成从元素价态和物质类别角度探究物质性质的思路。初步培养了实验探究能力,提升创新意识,发展基于“铁及其化合物价类二维模型建构”的模型认知素养。学生收获了真实新颖、亲身实践、分组合作、交流展示等成就性体验,制作的铁肥保存和合理使用说明书体现了项目式教学的本质特征,实现学习结果的可视性、共享性、交流性。     

促进学生化学学科核心素养发展的“铁盐和亚铁盐”的单元教学

设计了“铁盐和亚铁盐”的单元教学,以“探究硫酸亚铁的性质”和“线路板腐蚀液的研究”为核心任务,把铁盐与亚铁盐的性质、Fe²⁺和Fe³⁺的相互转化等核心知识贯穿其中,建立从物质类别、元素价态视角研究物质性质及转化的思路方法,促进多维度化学学科核心素养的融合发展。经过多轮次教学改进,结合教学实践过程及其教学效果抽提出“注重应用无机物的认识模型,重点把握研究物质性质的角度和思路”“抓住典型活动,培养学生的关键能力”“设计开放性任务,通过有效的师生对话进行诊断,外显问题解决思路”等教学策略。     

初中化学教学中培育社会责任素养*——以“燃料及其利用”复习教学为例

在分析“社会责任”素养内涵和研究现状的基础上,制订了初中化学“燃料及其利用”复习教学课的“社会责任”素养目标,并设计了以“秸秆综合利用的变迁”以及“历史悠久的薪柴燃料-使用方便的化石燃料-清洁环保的新型燃料”的燃料“进化史”为主线的教学流程。从“燃料及其利用”复习教学来看,初中化学教学可以通过真实情境、创新实验和有意义的学习经历等实践路径让学生获得“社会责任”体验,形成“社会责任”素养。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.