固体材料低温比热测量技术综述

材料低温比热测量对新材料研究和应用具有重要意义,低温比热测量是低温物理研究领域最活跃的研究方向之一。对低温比热测量研究历史作了简单的介绍,对各种低温比热测量方法的原理、应用、发展进行了较全面的综述分析,对超低温、强磁场、放射性样品等特殊情况下比热测量作了讨论。     

一种测量散射光偏振度的新方法

利用二氧化硅微粒样品作散射粒子场,寻求测量散射光偏振度的新方法。实验结果表明,用线偏振光分两次测量的偏振叠加法,比传统用自然光入射,偏振片作检偏器测量偏振度的方法更优越,不但节省了测量成本,而且提高了测量的范围。     

罗柯夫斯基线圈频率响应特性的测量方法

罗柯夫斯基线圈是测量陡脉冲电流的一种重要装置,其方波响应上升时间能达到纳秒量级,但是,它只能在一定频率范围内作线性测量。为了更好地分析罗柯夫斯基线圈测量灵敏度的频率特性,本文介绍了对西安交通大学研制的该线圈作的频率响应特性测定结果。 文中着重介绍了频响测量的点频法,并叙述了有关影响因素。例如:对信号源、标准电压表、匹配负载等一些专门要求。给出了实测曲线,还介绍了线圈本身各种集中参数的测量结果。     

光纤陀螺在转台测试中的应用

光纤陀螺是一种速率陀螺,其适合用来对转台作低速测试.根据转台所用编码器的参数,分析了转台不同角速率下光纤陀螺所需的数据刷新率及陀螺零偏稳定性对测量结果的影响.用光纤陀螺测量了转台以1°/s角速率转动时的角速率波动,对陀螺输出数据作了功率谱分析,并与示波器直接测量的结果进行了对比,结果表明光纤陀螺的测量结果是正确的;应用光纤陀螺对转台以(0.05°/s,1°/s)范围内固定角速率转动时的角速率波动进行了测量,通过对测量结果的分析表明:光纤陀螺可以用于转台的测试,它能测量出转台低速转动时的角速率波动;最后给出了光纤陀螺对转台角速率测试的下限.     

膜厚度测量的椭偏仪法原理分析

薄膜厚度的测量通常有多种方法,但对超薄的膜厚,要达到较高精确度,且测量手段又较为简洁的,则椭偏仪法是理想的选择。本文对这种测量材料膜厚的光学方法从基本原理、仪器特点、测量过程、样品状态等方面,均作了全面的分析。     

0.01℃的数显温度计

用晶体管PN结作温度传感器，用集成电路7135等作A／D转换器，制作了测量精度可达0．01℃的数字温度测量控制器。     

基于线阵CCD的测隙装置设计

在工业现场，传统的测量方式不能快速准确地测量微小尺寸。基于工业上小尺寸测量的需要，设计了一种可用于测量间隙的光电检测装置。用线阵CCD(Charge Coupled Device)作光电接收传感装置，单片机作主控处理器，对齿轮和高频淬火感应器之间的间隙进行在线非接触测量，取得了较好的测量效果。该方案适用于成本低但测量精度相对要求较高的场合。     

共光路外差干涉法精密测量光学表面

报道了光学外差法测量表面起伏精度及横向分辨精度达到０．１１ｎｍ及４μｍ。本文采用的是完全共光路外差干涉系统，阐述了它的原理、构造及噪声的影响，并将测量结果与其它商品仪器测量结果作了比较。     

声光同步声速测量法

本文提出一个方便且较准确的声速测量法即声光同步声速测量法。这种方法的主要优点是直观,除可方便地对气体、液体、固体作声速测量外,并能测量透明固体内部两点间的声速。文中,介绍了这种方法的基本原理、测量设备以及测量结果和初步误差分析。     

用读数显微镜测金属丝的杨氏弹性模量

研究了杨氏弹性模量的测量 ,提出用读数显微镜测量的原理和方法 ,并对误差作了分析     

A methodology to achieve the basis function for the expansion of sound speed profile

In order to evaluate the reliability and applicability of the Empirical Orthogonal Functions（EOFs）in the acoustic inversion of sound speed profile（SSP）and reduce EOF＇s dependence on the sample data,a methodology is proposed for the achievement of the basis functions for SSP＇s expansion.By analyzing the oceanographic dynamics which is the main cause of the SSP＇s variation,the basis functions are obtained naming the Hydrodynamic Normal Modes（HNMs）.The HNM basis functions are almost the same as those derived from the EOF method,while HNMs has less dependence on the amount of the sample data.HNMs method has a physically meaningful interpretation,and it could give out the physical parameters which determine the basis functions for the expansion of SSP,and this makes it possible to analyze and evaluate the trustiness and applicability of EOFs.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Modeling of the RF system for the normal conducting linac

To study the new RF control methods, a mathematic model of the RF system for the normal conducting linac is built and implemented with the software of Matlab. The model contains some typical units of the RF system, such as the klystron, the SLED and the traveling wave accelerating tube. Finally, the model is used to study the working point of the SLED and the adaptive feed forward algorithm for the RF control system. Simulation shows that the model works well as expected.     

Voltage-controlled optical filter based on electrowetting

In this letter, we propose a voltage-controlled optical filter based on electrowetting. The device is made of a transparent cubic cell filled with two immiscible liquids having three indium tin oxide electrodes fabricated on the bottom substrate of the cell. A conductive droplet carrying a color filter is placed on the ITO electrode and the surrounding liquid is density-matched silicone oil. Under zero bias, the droplet is placed in the middle of the substrate and white light passes through the filter and we can see red light on the screen. When a voltage is applied to the device, the filter moves with the liquid based on electrowetting effect, we can see the white light on the screen. Due to the movement of the liquid, our device functions as an optical switcher. The switch time of the device is ~70 ms. The proposed device has a wide application in optical communication, electronic display, and optical switch.     

Experimental study on SC RF cavities by using China large grain niobium for ILC

Large grain niobium has the potential of simplifying the production sequence and consequently reducing the cost of the superconducting RF cavities for ILC.To investigate the feasibility of fabrication and the possibility to achieve high gradient by large grain cavities,two 1.3 GHz cavities were made of China large grain niobium and a series of vertical tests were carried out following several different surfaces treatment procedures.Two cavities have both reached the high gradient of more than 43 MV/m repeatedly and the maximum accelerating field of 47.9 MV/m has been achieved by China large grain niobium.This paper introduces the features of the fabrication and surface treatments on the large grain cavities and presents the preliminary results of the research.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Matched wavelength and incident angle for the diagnostic beam to achieve coherent grating tiling

Design and operation of a practical, accurate alignment diagnostic system is important for the grating tiling technology, which is supposed to be applied in a chirped-pulse amplification system to increase the output power. A diagnostic method is proposed and demonstrated for grating tiling. Provided that the wavelength and incident angle of the diagnostic beam are properly set, the far-field of the main laser beam and that of the diagnostic beam can vary in the same way with the tiling errors between the sub-aperture gratings. Therefore, rotational and translational errors can be controlled and compensated according to the far-field of the diagnostic beam. The real-time monitoring and alignment can be achieved without disturbing the main beam.     

A modified voice conversion algorithm using compressed sensing

A voice conversion algorithm,which makes use of the information between continuous frames of speech by compressed sensing,is proposed in this paper.According to the sparsity property of the concatenated vector of several continuous Linear Spectrum Pairs（LSP）in the discrete cosine transformation domain,this paper utilizes compressed sensing to extract the compressed vector from the concatenated LSPs and uses it as the feature vector to train the conversion function.The results of evaluations demonstrate that the performance of this approach can averagely improve 3.21%with the conventional algorithm based on weighted frequency warping when choosing the appropriate numbers of speech frame.The experimental results also illustrate that the performance of voice conversion system can be improved by taking full advantage of the inter-frame information,because those information can make the converted speech remain the more stable acoustic properties which is inherent in inter-frames.     

Acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck

There is no accurate analytical approach for the acoustic performance prediction of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck,which has broad band acoustic attenuation performance in the low frequency range.To predict the acoustic performance of the resonator accurately,a general theory model based on the one-dimensional analysis approach with acoustic length corrections is developed.The segmentation method is used to calculate the acoustic parameters for sound propagation in conical tubes.And then,an approximate formula is deduced to give accurate correction lengths for conical tubes with difierent geometries.The deviations of the resonance frequency between the transmission loss results obtained by the general theory with acoustic lengths correction and the results from the finite element method and experiments are less than 2 Hz,which is much better than the results from one-dimensional approach without corrections.The results show that the method of acoustic length correction for the conical neck greatly improved the accuracy of the one-dimensional analysis approach,and it will be quick and accurate to predict the sound attenuation property of Helmholtz resonator with conical neck.