三相逆变电源新型解耦控制策略研究

针对基于燃烧法的燃气热值计量标准的尾气收集装置的缸体容积精确测量问题,应用现代仪器精度与误差理论,对该尾气收集装置的各项误差源进行分析,得到各分量的传递系数表达式,并按工程实际情况对精度指标进行了分配与调整。对分配的精度指标进行了合成计算,结果表明所设计的燃气热值计量尾气收集装置的最大允许误差为0.24％,完全满足尾气体积的测量精度要求。论文研究对建立我国新一代天然气热值计量标准有很好的指导意义和工程实用前景。     

激光单稳频指标的激光计量红外光谱仪精度分析

在傅里叶变换红外光谱仪中,采用激光计量光程差可提高光谱的测量精度。激光波长作为光程差测量的基准单位,其线宽和稳频特性直接决定了光程差的误差,进而影响光谱的测量精度。根据光谱仪的干涉原理,通过傅里叶逆变换和误差分析方法,建立了光谱测量相对误差与激光单稳频指标之间的理论模型,并对该模型进行了仿真计算。结果证明,该模型可作为设计激光计量光程差光谱仪系统的理论依据。     

高精密标准镜头定心装调技术研究

针对高精密计量用标准镜头对中心偏差的严格要求,提出一种车削加工与计算机辅助装调相结合的高精度定心装调技术。通过车削定心对各镜组光轴的倾斜误差进行初步控制,然后结合高精度中心偏差测量仪对平移偏差进行逐片调校。利用计算机模拟光轴空间状态的方法,精确定量修磨平行隔圈成一定楔角,进一步控制各镜组间的倾斜误差。结果表明:运用该技术定心后,标准镜头各镜组间的倾斜偏差5,平移误差3 m,定心精度满足设计指标。     

K镜光机结构优化设计与智能误差分配

以K镜消旋系统为例,针对光机结构中多误差源耦合和误差分配的问题,采用蒙特卡洛算法进行误差分解,并提出了类粒子群优化算法,对误差源进行智能误差分配,以指导工程化的加工公差分配和结构优化极限.首先,对一套悬臂式K镜消旋系统的光机结构引起的消旋指向精度进行误差来源分析;然后,通过蒙特卡洛算法结合粒子群优化方法对误差源进行智能...     

基于多激光传感器装配的自由曲面法线找正方法研究

在国产化、技术自主化的大型飞机项目上,对孔位精度的标准正逐步升高,钻头的垂直度又是这一标准中最受关注的条件。机器人自动钻铆系统工作时,所产生的装配误差、磕碰、偏移等状况,不仅降低了制造及检测的准确度,还影响了整个结构件的疲劳性能。针对这一问题,提出了基于多激光传感器装配的自适应自由曲面法线检测技术,搭建了以该方法进行姿态找正的数学模型,并研究了检测装置的标定方法及流程。同时,着重讨论了在自适应方法检测时,利用电子经纬仪等装置进行误差补偿的相关技术。该方法的验证实验结果显示,多组实验数据均达到了法向精度<±0.5°的关键技术指标要求,找正后的法线平均偏差值为0.0667°。该方法能有效补偿在制孔工作中所产生的相关误差,进一步提高机器人的定位精度及法线方向检测精度。     

基于有限元分析的大型固体激光器稳定性指标重分配

在大型固体激光器结构稳定性设计中,使用等概率分配方法的分配值作为光学元件稳定性设计指标常常会增加结构设计的难度,造成结构建造的巨大浪费。为此,提出了基于结构有限元分析的稳定性指标重分配方法,即将同一光路中光学元件振动响应引起靶点光束的定位误差作为各自的权重系数,采用线性加权和法对稳定性指标进行重新分配。稳定性指标重分配后,所得到的同一光路中各光学元件的安全系数相等。利用此方法对某大型固体激光装置主机装置靶区一条光路中光学元件的稳定性指标进行了重分配,得到每条光路上光学元件稳定性的安全系数均为1.229,满足结构稳定性设计要求。     

压力对燃气热力性质影响的余函数线性修正方法

本文提出了空气与纯燃气作实际气体处理时的简化状态方程,并提出了利用余函数与压力的线性关系来考虑压力对燃气热力性质的影响,目的是为高压比燃气轮机装置的热力计算提供依据,也使低压比装置的热力计算提高精度。     

高精度基准平面建立方法分析

基准平面的确立,是进行表面参数评定的基础;建立理想的基准平面,在几何量形位公差检测及相关工程测量方面具有重要作用.为了建立高精度的激光扫描基准平面,对扫描平面形成过程中光束的传播进行了详细分析;根据光学矢量反射定律,推导出了扫描误差的理论公式;在此基础上揭示了误差补偿的基本原理,导出了用于补偿扫描机构产生的扫描误差的理论公式;提出了据此准则进行设计的扫描机构的模型.分析表明,用激光及其扫描装置建立光学基准面时,扫描误差是不可避免的,这种误差不加补偿,则最终将引入基准光学平面影响基准精度,进而降低参数的评定精度;借助于所推导的误差补偿公式,是可以补偿这种误差的,这对于建立高精度的扫描基准平面具有理论指导意义.     

结合异常样本检测的汽油族组成拉曼光谱分析

汽油族组成不仅决定了汽油品质,同时直接关系到燃烧尾气对环境的影响。文章成功地将拉曼光谱分析技术应用于汽油族组成的定量分析。通过对校正集进行异常样本检测,剔除个别异常样本,有效地提高了偏最小二乘的模型精度,得到了较好的预测效果。芳烃含量、烯烃含量和氧含量的标准预测误差分别达到了0.23,0.52和0.143,其预测复相关系数分别达到了0.987,0.927和0.971。实验结果表明：采用拉曼光谱分析技术可以有效的解决汽油族组成的定量分析问题,其分析精度显著高于近红外光谱法与多维气相色谱法;同时也适用于汽油生产过程中的在线分析。     

双层并联叠置烟气余热回收装置流动特性研究

针对大型燃气热电厂的余热回收工程,设计了一种双层并联叠置烟气余热回收装置,搭建了1:5缩比模型样机,用空气模拟烟气进行了冷态实验并进行了数值分析,获得了上下层空气的流量分配特性、填料层出口空气流速的均匀性和空气的流动阻力特性,可为大型烟气余热回收装置的设计提供参考。     

气相色谱法分析天然气成分

本文研究了气相色谱法测定天然气成分的分析方法,确定了计算方法及工作条件,并实测了城市燃气用天然气的常规成分,获得了满意的结果。     

Plasma Properties and Neutral Gas Densities in Hg-Rare Gas Discharges

The density of the neutral gases in Hg-rare gas discharges and their spatial distribution is controlled by the discharge parameters as well as by the externally adjustable partial pressures. Essential quantities in this context are the gas temperature produced by elastic collisions, the ion transport by the discharge current, the processes governing the wall temperature, and ambipolar diffusion. Despite equal partial pressures different densities may occur, which, in turn, will influence the parameters of the discharge. This has effects on the assessment of the methods of Hgvapour pressure adjustment and on the evaluation of the measured values. These effects are demonstrated, especially by field strength measurements, for a wide parameter range.     

Two-Dimensional Quantum Gas

Identical impenetrable particles in a 2-dimensional configuration space obey braid statistics, intermediate between bosons and fermions. This statistics, based on braid groups, is introduced as a generalization of the usual statistics founded on the symmetric groups. The main properties of an ideal gas of such particles are presented. They do interpolate the properties of bosons and fermions but include classical particles as a special case. Restriction to 2 dimensions precludes lambda points but originates a peculiar symmetry, responsible in particular for the identity of boson and fermion specific heats.     

Gas body activation

A small body of gas which is stabilized against dissolution in a liquid by a supportive structure may oscillate in response to an ultrasonic field and this form of cavitation is termed gas body activation. Linear theory describes the response of gas-filled intercellular channels in plant tissue and of gas-filled micropores in thin sheets of plastic. Calculations from this theory yield good agreement with indirect observations of resonance frequencies and rough agreement with direct measures of aggregate response (transmission and reflection coefficients). Studies of gas body activation in biological systems should allow quantitative analysis of cavitation bioeffects for relatively low-intensity ultrasound applications.     

Investigation of Eco-Friendly Gas Mixture for Gas Discharge Particle Detectors

Physics of Atomic Nuclei - The first results of studying the Ar/CO2/HFO1234ze eco-friendly gas mixture for gas discharge detectors are presented. The work is performed using a prototype multiwire...     

理想气体和范氏气体压强的讨论

1引言 理想气体是一个近似模型,它忽略了分子的体积(更确切地讲,也就是分子间的斥力)和分子间的引力,模型中的分子被看成了没有体积的质点.如果气体所占的体积为V,那么V也就是每个分子可以自由活动的空间.如果把分子看作有一定体积的刚球,则每个分子能自由活动的空间就不再等于V.范德瓦耳斯就是将气体分子看成有一定体积的刚球,将理想气体状态方程加以修正,得出了范德瓦耳斯(简称范氏)气体状态方程.     

Optical analysis of trapped Gas—Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy

An overview of the new field of Gas in Scattering Media Absorption Spectroscopy (GASMAS) is presented. The technique investigates sharp gas spectral signatures, typically 10000 times sharper than those of the host material, in which the gas is trapped in pores or cavities. The presence of pores causes strong multiple scattering. GASMAS combines narrow-band diode-laser spectroscopy, developed for atmospheric gas monitoring, with diffuse media optical propagation, well-known from biomedical optics. Several applications in materials science, food packaging, pharmaceutics and medicine have been demonstrated. So far molecular oxygen and water vapour have been studied around 760 and 935 nm, respectively. Liquid water, an important constituent in many natural materials, such as tissue, has a low absorption at such wavelengths, and this is also true for haemoglobin, making propagation possible in many natural materials. Polystyrene foam, wood, fruits, food-stuffs, pharmaceutical tablets, and human sinus cavities (frontal, maxillary and mastoideal) have been studied, demonstrating new possibilities for characterization and diagnostics. Transport of gas in porous media (diffusion) can be studied by first subjecting the material to, e.g., pure nitrogen, and then observing the rate at which normal, oxygen-containing air, reinvades the material. The conductance of the passages connecting a sinus with the nasal cavity can be objectively assessed by observing the oxygen gas dynamics when flushing the nose with nitrogen. Drying of materials, when liquid water is replaced by air and water vapour, is another example of dynamic processes which can be studied. The technique has also been extended to remote-sensing applications (LIDAR-GASMAS or Multiple-Scattering LIDAR).     

Gas moderation of positrons

A variety of low-energy positron experiments need an improved brilliance of the beam by means of a remoderator. Conventionally, a tungsten foil or single crystal is used as a remoderator in transmission or reflection geometry. We have developed a new remoderation unit which is based on inelastic positron scattering and the drift of positrons in nitrogen gas. In first measurements we succeeded in detecting fully thermalized positrons. High positron losses occurred at the entrance of the gas cell, and therefore the injection of positrons will be improved for next measurements.