褐藻酸钠对Cu2+、Pb2+交换与吸附性能的研究

本文研究了褐藻酸钠与Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋交换行为,通过海藻酸钠溶液与Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋的絮凝,测得两种离子最大交换量。考察了褐藻酸钠固体粉末与Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｐｂ＾２＋在不同的反应条件下的离子交换与吸附行为。实验表明ｐＨ值,温度,时间,配比等条件是影响交换与吸附的因素,其吸附行为在一定的温度和一定的浓度范围内能较好的符合Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ等温吸附式。     

Zn^2＋—Na^＋交换动力学研究——Ⅱ.交换方向,温度和粒径的影响

本文研究了强酸性阳离子交换树脂上Ｚｎ＾２＋－Ｎａ＾＋交换过程的动力学。讨论了交换方向、温度和粒径对交换速率的影响。测出不同控制机理，不同交换方向时的传质参数和２５℃－５３℃范围内的扩散活化能。发现在低浓度ＺｎＣｌ２溶液与Ｎａ＾＋型树脂交换时，用液相分析是液膜扩散控制过程，但用电子探针固相分析却表明树脂内有明显的浓度梯度。说明仅用液相浓度变化与模型方程拟合的方法来判断速率控制机理具有一定的局限性。     

La^3＋,Co^2＋,Cu^2＋,Zn^2＋与X沸石的微波加热离子交换

用微波加热法研究了水溶液中金属阳离子Ｌａ＾３＋,Ｃｏ＾２＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｚｎ＾２＋与沸石分子筛ＮａＸ之间的离子交换反应。考察了溶液浓度、加热时间、苏州地交换度的影响并运用正交实验做了直观分析优化。对比实验及Ｘ射线粉末衍射结果表明,在相同的工艺条件下,微波加热法比传统加热法快约６０倍,微波加热对分子筛晶体结构没有破坏作用。     

Cu-ZSM-5分子筛上[Cu-O-Cu]2+物种的原位红外光谱研究

通过原位监测Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５分子筛的振动动红外光谱随温度及不同处理条件的变化情况,观察到［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋物种的形成过程,即两个Ｃｕ（ＯＨ）＾＋在脱水过程中经二聚形成［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋,低交换度样品开始产生［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋物种所需脱水温度较高,通过观察不同处理条件对［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋的影响,说明Ｃｕ＾２＋是通过脱出［Ｃｕ－Ｏ－Ｃｕ］＾２＋中的超各氧而被还原为Ｃｕ＾＋,较高     

Cu-ZSM-5上Cu+位置的CO吸附红外光谱表征

本文以ＣＯ为探针分子系统考察了不同铜交换度的Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５经不同条件预处理后吸附ＣＯ的红外光谱特征，实验结果表明；在真加热条件下，Ｃｕ＾２＾＋一定程度地自动还原为Ｃｕ＾＋甚至Ｃｕ＾０；Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５中存在着两种Ｃｕ＾＋离子位（Ｓ１和Ｓ１），两种位置上Ｃｕ＾＋的氧化还原性质不同，Ｓ１位的Ｃｕ＾＋容易被氧化和还原，在热力学性质上，Ｓ１位的Ｃｕ＾＋－ＣＯ表面体比Ｓ１位的更稳定；室温下，Ｓ１位的Ｃｕ＾     

新型CuCl／Hβ沸石羰基化催化剂的制备与原位红外光谱表征

采用固态离子交换法在沸石中直接引进Ｃｕ（Ⅰ）活性中心,ＣｕＣｌ分子在Ｈβ沸石中与Ｈ＾＋交换和在沸石内表面单层分散两个过程同时发生,负载阈值为２１．２％（ＣｕＣｌ％）,调节ＣｕＣｌ和Ｈβ的配比,可得到从桥羟基被部分交换到所有羟基被完全交换的ＣｕＣｌ／Ｈβ从化剂。     

红外光谱法研究螯合树脂对金属离子的选择性：I.氨基膦酸型…

本文用ＫＢｒ压片法测定了氨基膦酸脂ＮＰ－５００、ＳＬ－４６７，ＳＬ－４１１的Ｈ型、Ｎａ型以及分别吸附了Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋离子后的荭外光谱图。谱图分析发现，在相同的吸附条件下，同一种树脂分别吸附了Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋后，其吸附量愈大，图中Ｃ－Ｎ－Ｃ谱峰的位移植越大，则树脂对该金属离子的选择性愈高。结果表明，ＮＰ－５００，ＳＬ－４６７，ＳＬ－４１１树脂对过渡元素Ｃｕ＾２＋     

以磷酸三丁脂为载体的乳状液膜迁移,分离稀土元素的研究：Sm（Ⅲ）与常…

用磷酸三丁酯Ｓｐａｎ８０－二甲苯乳状液膜体系迁移Ｓｍ（Ⅲ）的研究表明，在确定的条件下，可以快速并完全迁移Ｓｍ（Ⅲ）。许多常见离子不能在此条件下通过液膜迁移，故可从含有Ｆｅ＾２＋，Ｃｏ＾２＋，Ｎｉ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｍｎ＾２＋等离子混合液中分离出Ｓｍ（Ⅲ）分离效率高。     

在Ni^2＋存在下二氧四胺大环配体液膜传输Cu^2＋的学研究

研究了１２－十八胺基－１，４，７，１０－四氮杂环十三烷－１１，１３－二酮的氯仿－正辛醇液膜在Ｎｉ＾２＋存在下对Ｃｕ＾２＋的传输速率，结果表明，传输是通过中性配合物进行的，无阴离子参与，Ｎｉ＾２＋的存在对ｕ＾２＋的传输基本无影响。     

碘量法测定冶金物料中铁

系统地研究了Ｆｅ＾３＋与Ｉ＾－定量反应的条件，共存离子的干扰及消除方法，在ＨＣｌ和ＫＩ存在下，Ｆｅ＾３＋与Ｉ＾－定量反应，Ｃｕ＾２＋，ＡｓＯ４＾３－，ＶＯ２＾＋，等定量干扰，使用ＮａＦ或Ｈ３ＰＯ４制备参比液可抵消干扰。可不经分离直接测定大部分冶金物料中的高含量铁。     

MECHANISM OF CESIUM EXCHANGE WITH POTASSIUM TITANIUM HEXACYANOFERRATE

The mechanism of cesium exchange on potassium titanium hexacyanoferrate (KTiFC) is described in this paper.The dependence of the exchange rate on temperature,particle granule size,and shaking frequency is studied.The results show that ion exchange process is controlled by liquid film diffusion in granule particle.An exchange reaction occurs mainly between K^+ in the exchanger and Cs^+ in the solution.     

RATE LAW AND ITS MOMENT EXPRESSIONS FOR PELLICULAR ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS OF VARIOURS SHAPES

In this paper,the kinetic moment expressions and rate laws are derived for pellicular ion exchange materials with various geometrical forms under the conditions that ion exchange rate is controlled by both the partical diffusion and the film diffusion in finite solution volume.In addition,for strong acidic cation ion exchange fibre,by using the equations obtained we calculated the partical diffusion coefficients and the transfer coefficients in the film under different experimental conditions.     

铀和铀同位素的离子交换过程研究

在浓缩铀同位索的阳离子交换法中,UC_2~(2+)在离子交换树脂中的传质问题具有特别重要的意义.但迄今未见有详细的报道.本文对阳离子交换树脂—HCl溶液体系中的UO_2~(2+)—H~+正、逆交换,特别对~(235)UO_2~(2+)—~(238)UO_2~(2+)交换动力学及机制作了研究和探讨.     

酸性介质中碘离子在铂电极上的电化学氧化行为

采用循环伏安法研究了酸性介质中碘离子在铂电极上不同电位区间, 不同酸度下的电化学反应行为. 结果表明, 当极化电位较低(小于0.6 V(vs Hg/Hg2SO4))时, 碘离子在铂电极上发生2I--2e→I2电氧化反应, 反应产物通过I2+I-=I-3被进一步溶解, 整个反应属于E-C(electrochemical-chemical)模式. 电氧化过程中可以形成碘膜, 其也可以被碘离子溶解. 当极化电位升高至0.6 V(vs Hg/Hg2SO4)或以上时, 碘离子会直接电氧化为高价态碘化合物, I-+3H2O→IO-3+6H++6e, 而析出的碘膜并不发生再氧化反应; 在电化学还原过程中, 出现了两个还原峰, 分别对应于I2、I-3的还原反应; 在无碘膜时, 碘离子电氧化过程受溶液中碘离子的液相扩散步骤控制; 碘膜形成后, 主要受碘膜中碘离子的固相扩散控制; 酸度对于碘离子的电化学氧化过程有很大的影响, 其线性极化曲线的起峰电位及电流峰值电位均随酸浓度升高而负移.     

MECHANISM OF CESIUM EXCHANGEWITH POTASSIUMTITANIUM HEXACYANOFERRATE

1.INTRODUCTIONItiswellavowthathexacyanoferratesaregoodinofganicionexchnaerforcesium.TheyhavehighselectivityandquitehighcapacitytowardsCs inthehighsaltcontentsolution[l'2].Althoughmuchworkhasbeendoneonthestudiesofsyntheticandpropertiesofcyanoferratesforcesiumseparation["'],relativelylittleinformationisavailableonthemechanismoftheionexchangereaction.ThepreparationandmechanismofzincferrocyanideshadbeenstUdiedbyLoos-Neskovic161.HefoundthatzincfermcyanideshadtWoS~tUralformulas.ZnFe(CN),oH…     

Li4Ti5Ol2的合成及对Li+的离子交换动力学

用溶胶-凝胶法合成出Li4Ti5Ol2, 对其进行了酸改性, 制得锂离子筛IE-H. 测定了IE-H对Li+、Na+的饱和交换容量和pH滴定曲线等离子交换性能, 并对其进行了X射线衍射分析, 同时采用中断接触法判断该离子交换反应的控制机理, 用缩核模型描述离子筛IE-H交换Li+的动力学. 结果表明, 合成出的Li4Ti5Ol2和锂离子筛IE-H均为尖晶石结构; 用不同浓度HNO3溶液处理Li4Ti5Ol2时, Li+的抽出率为19.6%-81.5%, Ti4+的抽出率在4.2%以下; 锂离子筛IE-H 对Li+的饱和交换容量较高, 达到5.95 mmol·g-1, 离子筛IE-H交换Li+的控制步骤是颗粒扩散控制(PDC), 得到了25 ℃, Li+浓度为20.0 mmol·L-1和5.0 mmol·L-1时锂离子筛交换Li+的动力学方程和颗粒扩散系数.     

Electrochemically Controlled Ion‐exchange Property of Carbon Nanotubes/Polypyrrole Nanocomposite in Various Electrolyte Solutions

The electrochemically controlled ion‐exchange properties of multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/electronically conductive polypyrrole (PPy) polymer composite in the various electrolyte solutions have been investigated. The ion‐exchange behavior, rate and capacity of the electrochemically deposited polypyrrole with and without carbon nanotube (CNT) were compared and characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found that the presence of carbon nanotube backbone resulted in improvement in ion‐exchange rate, stability of polypyrrole, and higher anion loading capacity per PPy due to higher surface area, electronic conductivity, porous structure of thin film, and thinner film thickness providing shorter diffusion path. Chronoamperometric studies show that electrically switched anion exchange could be completed more than 10 times faster than pure PPy thin film. The anion selectivity of CNT/PPy film is demonstrated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

Kinetics of Heterogeneous Isotopic Exchange Reaction in Finite Bath

A general method to find the rate constant and particle self-diffusion coefficient is suggested for a heterogeneous isotopic exchange reaction which is controlled by surface mass reaction or controlled by a combination of surface mass reaction and intraparticle diffusion. The values of the kinetic parameter, ξ₁ (ratio of the forward surface mass reaction rate to the intraparticle diffusion rate), particle self-diffusion coefficient D and rate constant k are obtained by the proposed method for the isotopic exchange reaction systems CaCO₃(s)/Ca²⁺(aq) and CaC₂O₄(s)/Ca²⁺(aq).     

Ellipsometric examination of electrically conductive films of poly(2,5-thiophenediyl)

A polymer film formed by anodic oxidation of thiophene in acetonitrile on platinum at 2.08 V was examined by ellipsometry. The refraction index and absorption index were determined as a function of the wavelengths. The optical thickness was determined and compared with the electrical charge. Stoichiometric film growth by a two-electron reaction followed this comparison. The film properties studied were almost independent of the potential between −0.1 and +2.08 V. The time dependence of the ellipsometric parameter showed the film growth to be approximately linear with square root of time, typical for a diffusion controlled reaction.     

模拟磷矿脱镁废水中镁离子的交换动力学研究

用动边界模型积分方程描述模拟磷矿脱镁废水中Mg2＋在001×7×7型树脂上的有限浴交换动力学,得到了动力学总方程.Mg2＋的交换过程属颗粒扩散控制,表观活化能为23.45 kJ•mol－1,Mg2＋的表观反应级数为0.68.