共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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研究了客体模型FTO的闪光照相系统X光输运过程,给出了直穿照射量、散射照射量、直散比、直穿照射量能谱、散射照射量能谱、直穿X光通量能谱和散射X光通量能谱在记录平面的空间分布。结果表明:后锥是照射量散射成分的主要来源,后锥照射量占总散射量97%;后锥也是造成散射的空间分布不均匀的主要器件,这一不均匀性高达58%。照相系统的最小直散比非常小,表明锥造成的散射已经严重地淹没了直穿(轫致辐射)信号。计算中使用高空间分辨率记录法进行分点,合成图像对吸收系数的复原结果与国外报道的结果相符。 相似文献
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高能(20MeV)闪光X光照相技术在国防科研中有广泛的应用背景。FTO样品是由高密度、高原子序数材料组成的大光程4层同心球壳组件,是专门用于考察闪光照相成像质量的静态测试样品。对FTO样品进行闪光照相时,散射非常严重,因此选择合适的准直方式来降低散射对清晰图像的获得非常重要。研究表明,散射主要来自于后防护锥和FTO样品自身,样品散射又主要是由于外层的轻物质引起的,因此减小射向后锥和样品外层区域的X射线照射量,从源头上降低散射产生的机会,就成了准直设计中优先考虑的技术措施, 相似文献
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含FTO的闪光照相系统中,FTO是由一组同心球层组成的静态高密度客体,其动态量程高达4480。后锥的使用会大大降低系统的直散比DSR,并且散射空间分布的不均匀性也很严重。 相似文献
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散射是闪光照相诊断技术中需要重点考虑的一个关键性问题,弄清散射的影响因素及其来源对于提高客体信息诊断精度具有十分重要的促进作用。针对法国实验客体照相系统,采用蒙特卡罗方法,系统研究了侧向散射的影响因素及其来源。结果表明:在没有侧向保护器的情况下,前保护器是侧向散射的主要来源,对任一点,前保护器的散射贡献均达到50%以上,并且侧向散射沿光轴方向呈递增或递减分布。在有侧向保护器情况下,侧向散射照射量有所减小,在与光轴垂直方向呈中间高两边低的单峰分布。增大侧向记录距离不一定带来侧向散射的降低。在适当的记录距离下,得到了较为均匀的散射分布。 相似文献
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为了降低闪光照相中散射的影响和提高法国试验客体(French test object,FTO)重建的精度,结合不同准直角下散射不同的特性,提出了不同准直角的双轴闪光照相布局,并进行了相应的数值模拟实验。研究结果表明:不同准直角双轴闪光照相中散射的相互干扰非常严重,且主要来于前保护器件,需使用铅板屏蔽。根据信息融合特性和降低散射影响的要求确定了FTO不同准直角双轴闪光照相的两个准直角分别为2.24°和1.15°。从该不同准直角的双轴闪光照相系统模拟得到的图像重建出了均方根误差小于5.8%的密度分布,结果远优于单轴照相23%的均方根误差。 相似文献
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在有核环境下的X光闪光照相中,为保证CCD光电接收系统的安全和有效使用,开展了科研所需剂量的辐射背景对闪光照相光电接收系统影响的研究。理论分析结果表明:科研要求的辐射剂量远小于X光闪光照相光电接收系统各器件的辐射损伤阈值,不会造成辐射损伤;辐射背景在CCD相机图像上形成的本底灰度对成像质量的影响很小。实验结果显示,通过建立和选择适当的屏蔽方式可以保证以下两点:一是科研所需剂量的辐射背景在CCD相机图像上形成的本底灰度要小于科学级相机的固有本底噪声,可以保证图像质量;二是在科研所需剂量的粒子和射线辐射下,X光闪光照相光电接收系统工作正常。 相似文献
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研究用于校准场所中子剂量监测仪表的241Am-Be中子参考辐射场计量特性。采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了空气自由中子参考辐射(FRNR),GB/T 14055规定的最小尺寸中子参考辐射(SRNR)和实际中子参考辐射(ARNR)中不同检验点处中子周围剂量当量率、散射中子占比和能谱分布特征。研究结果表明,空气对FRNR中的剂量率和能谱分布影响小,近似为理想中子参考辐射;采用5%含硼聚乙烯作屏蔽的最小尺寸SRNR可减少热中子,降低散射中子占比,影锥法不适用于小尺寸中子参考辐射中对散射中子的修正;ARNR中的散射中子更少、占比更低,影锥法所得散射中子占比与理论值基本一致。 相似文献
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沙尘气溶胶粒子群的散射和偏振特性 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8
根据Mie散射理论,以对数正态分布函数描述沙尘气溶胶粒子群的粒径尺度分布,计算了沙尘气溶胶粒子群在0.2~40μm波段间对太阳短波辐射和地球大气长波辐射的单次散射反照率、散射相矩阵函数,揭示了不同相对湿度时,沙尘粒子群对入射辐射的散射和偏振的特征。结果表明,沙尘粒子群的单次散射反照率随着入射波长的增加有较大起伏,不同相对湿度条件下,变化趋势基本一致;在可见光、近红外波段单次散射反照率随湿度增加而变大,湿度95%时非常接近于1;大于10μm的热红外波段单次散射反照率随相对湿度增加而减小,具有较强的吸收辐射能力。散射辐射强度受湿度影响较小,随散射角的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,且增大的趋势随着波长的增加而减弱;不同波段上,线偏振和圆偏振随散射角和相对湿度变化存在差异;在前向和后向仅对入射辐射为圆偏振辐射产生圆偏振散射;散射光的偏振特性及其湿度差异主要表现在后向散射区,多以拱形形式体现。拱顶峰值散射角位置存在差异,且峰值散射角随相对湿度的降低向后向漂移。 相似文献
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利用后向散射光空间谱强度分布探测尾流气泡的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用自行设计制作的尾流模拟系统产生气泡,应用散射光空间频谱测量分析系统,对水中气泡群的后向散射光空间谱强度分布进行测量和分析,研究了不同探测距离的散射光衰减对其强度分布的影响.结果表明,在气泡密度、大小分布不变的情况下,扩束光照明时,由于参与光散射的气泡数目增加对散射光在水中传播衰减的补偿,散射空间谱强度分布的峰值和半宽值均不随探测距离变化;而细光束照明时,散射谱强度分布峰值随探测距离的增加而减小,半宽值则逐渐增大.所以在远距离探测时,细光束的探测效果好. 相似文献
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光散射是限制光传输以及降低和破坏光学成像性能的主要因素,透过复杂散射介质对运动目标的全光成像是光学领域极具挑战性的技术之一.本文提出一种利用散斑差值自相关透过散射介质对运动目标进行实时追踪的方法.采用赝热光照明,基于光学记忆效应理论,通过对运动目标采集的两帧散斑做差值,然后做自相关运算,计算目标移动的距离,实现对目标的实时追踪,并且利用相位恢复算法进行简单处理就可以重建隐藏目标.对该方法进行了实验验证,成功地对隐藏的运动目标实现了成像与追踪.这种透过散射介质对运动目标的全光成像及实时追踪技术,在生物医学等领域具有重要应用潜力. 相似文献
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Formation of a signal in an optical diffuse reflectometry system using pulse probing radiation from a medium with a layered distribution of the absorption coefficient has been simulated by the Monte Carlo method. The influence of absorption inhomogeneities on the pulse shape and photon travel path was studied. Analysis of statistical characteristics (mean propagation time and broadening magnitude) of detected scattered pulses was performed. Variations in the spatial distribution of travel trajectories of photons forming the signal of optical diffuse reflectometry were analyzed. Based on a comparison of the obtained characteristics with theoretical data, conclusions have been drawn on the agreement of the retrieved values of the absorption and scattering coefficients with their true values depending on the distance between the source and receiver. 相似文献
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Wilemski G 《Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics》2000,61(1):557-564
A theoretical formalism for neutron scattering from systems of particles is applied to liquid nanodroplet aerosols. A term arising from intraparticle, intermolecular correlations is identified. The kinematical theory of two body scattering is recast into a form convenient for interpreting the results of experiments with crossed beams of neutrons and aerosol particles. Based on a theoretical analysis of the scattered intensity in the Guinier region, a method for determining the particle velocity directly from the experimental data is outlined. The method is not restricted by assumptions about particle shape, composition, uniformity, or size distribution. 相似文献
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The method of polarization visualization of a multiply scattering medium containing macroinhomogeneities based on analysis of polarization spatial distribution of a scattered linearly polarized light is discussed. The treatment is based on statistical properties of the effective optical path distribution of scattered field components. The influence of media scattering properties and the geometry of the experiment on the inhomogeneity image contrast obtained with use of polarization degree and of normalized scattered intensity of radiation as visualization parameters are discussed, as well as spatial resolution achieved in these both cases. Using the results of theoretical analysis and of the experimental model, the relationship between the shapes of spatial distributions of polarization degree and the intensity of the scattered light is considered as a function of the position of the visualized object (an absorbing half-plane immersed in a plane layer of the scattering medium). The opportunities for enhancing the quality of the images formed in this way are also discussed. 相似文献
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V. A. Loiko A. V. Konkolovich V. Ya. Zyryanov A. A. Miskevich 《Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics》2017,124(3):388-405
We have described the method of analyzing and reporting on the results of calculation of the small-angle structure of radiation scattered by a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal film with electrically controlled interfacial anchoring. The method is based on the interference approximation of the wave scattering theory and the hard disk model. Scattering from an individual liquid crystal droplet has been described using the anomalous diffraction approximation extended to the case of droplets with uniform and nonuniform interface anchoring at the droplet–polymer boundary. The director field structure in an individual droplet is determined from the solution of the problem of minimizing the volume density of the free energy. The electrooptical effect of symmetry breaking in the angular distribution of scattered radiation has been analyzed. This effect means that the intensities of radiation scattered within angles +θ s and–θ s relative to the direction of illumination in the scattering plane can be different. The effect is of the interference origin and is associated with asymmetry of the phase shift of the wavefront of an incident wave from individual parts of the droplet, which appears due to asymmetry of the director field structure in the droplet, caused by nonuniform anchoring of liquid crystal molecules with the polymer on its surface. This effect is analyzed in the case of normal illumination of the film depending on the interfacial anchoring at the liquid crystal–polymer interface, the orientation of the optical axes of droplets, their concentration, sizes, anisometry, and polydispersity. 相似文献
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针对高通量菌落挑选仪研发的照明设计,采用暗视场照明方式,在保证照度均匀的同时大幅提升了所采集菌落图像的对比度,以提高仪器整体性能。分析了影响照度均匀度的三个重要因素,LED环形光源中灯珠的投射角度、LED环形光源的阵列层数以及LED环形光源距目标面距离。模拟结果表明,当灯珠投射角度为75°、LED环形光源阵列为三层以及LED环形光源距目标面距离为61cm时,照度均匀度最优为93.16%。采用所设计的暗视场照明方式搭建实验系统,实验结果达到项目要求,并与软件模拟结果相匹配。 相似文献