1,3-戊二烯阳离子聚合过程中环化反应的研究

以ＡｌＣｌ３和（ＣＦ３ＳＯ３）３Ａｌ为引发剂，ＣＨ２Ｃｌ２为溶剂，在２０℃聚合了１，３ 戊二烯（ＰＤ）．对聚合物（ＰＰＤ）的结构分析表明，（ＣＦ３ＳＯ３）３Ａｌ生成的聚合物具有较高的环化度．聚合物的环化过程是通过两种机理，分子内链转移机理和阳离子引发机理，后者可以通过加入ＤｔＢＰ得到抑制．ＡｌＣｌ３引发的聚合反应中环化过程以前一种机理为主，而（ＣＦ３ＳＯ３）３Ａｌ则以后一种机理为主．通过阳离子引发的环化反应主要发生在ＰＰＤ１，２单元侧基双键上     

AlCl_3／SbCl_3引发α－蒎烯阳离子聚合反应──引发活性种本质研究

考察了复合催化剂ＡｌＣｌ_３／ＳｂＣｌ_３的不同配制方法和质子捕捉剂２，６－二异丁基－４－甲基吡啶（ＤＴＢＭＰ）对α－蒎烯阳离子聚合反应的影响。结果表明，ＡｌＣｌ_３和ＳｂＣｌ_３加热熔融复合比简单复合的引发聚合活性更高；ＤＴＢＭＰ对该复合催化剂的聚合反应速率及其产物分子量分布均无明显影响，证明该复合催化剂形成的活性种本质上与质子Ｈ活性种不同，是新型活性种。根据２７ＡｌＮＭＲ对该体系活性种分析结果，认为引发阳离子是［Ｓｂ（Ｖ）Ｃｌ_４］，抗衡阴离子是［Ａｌ_２Ｃｌ_７］     

（四甲基二硅撑）双（3－三甲硅基环戊二烯基）－四羰基二铁的反应性

标题化合物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η￣５－（３－Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２］_２／（μ－ＣＯ）_２（Ａ）分子中的Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ键被钠汞齐还原断裂，生成相应的双铁负离子，分别与ＭｅＣＯＣｌ、ＰｈＣＯＣｌ、ＰｈＣＨ_２Ｃｌ、ＣｌＣＨ_２ＣＯＯＣ_２Ｈ_５和Ｐｈ_３ＳｎＣｌ进行亲核取代反应，生成在铁原子上引入相应取代基的产物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η￣５－（３－Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２Ｒ］_２（Ｒ：ＭｅＣＯ（１），ＰｈＣＯ（２），ＰｈＣＨ_２（３），ＣＨ_２ＣＯＯＣ_２Ｈ_５（４），Ｐｈ_３Ｓｎ（５），Ｉ（６））。Ａ在氯仿中与碘反应，得到Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ断裂的双铁碘化物，但在苯中与过量碘反应，则得到Ｆｅ－Ｉ－Ｆｅ桥联的离子型化合物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η￣５－（３－Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２］_２Ｉ·Ｉ（７）。化合物６的晶体和分子结构经Ｘ射线衍射测定，６属单斜晶系，Ｐ２１／ｃ空间群，ａ＝１．７２１７（４）ｎｍ，ｂ＝０．７７５３（２）ｎｍ，Ｃ＝１．３６２９（７）ｎｍ，β＝１０３．８０（３）°，Ｖ＝１．７６７（２）ｎｍ３，Ｚ＝４，Ｄｃ＝１．６２９９·ｃｍ－１，最终偏差因子Ｒ＝０．０５４。     

1,3—戊二烯／苯乙烯阳离子共聚合反应

本文研究了以甲苯为溶剂,ＡｌＣｌ３和ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２为引发剂,１,３－戊二烯（ＰＤ）与苯乙烯（Ｓｔ）的阳离子共聚合反应,并用红外光谱测定聚合物的微观结构。由共聚单体ＰＤ和Ｓｔ加入顺序的不同可生成无规共聚物Ｐ（ＰＤ－ｃｏ－Ｓｔ）和接枝共聚物Ｐ（ＰＤ－ｇ－Ｓｔ）和Ｐ（Ｓｔ－ｇ－ＰＤ）。无论是由ＡｌＣｌ３引发聚合反应,还是由ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２引发聚合反应,Ｓｔ上的碳阳离子的活性都高于ＰＤ上碳阳离子的活性。由ＡｌＣｌ３首先引发ＰＤ进行聚合反应,结束后再引入Ｓｔ时,聚合体系不能引发Ｓｔ聚合反应;相反ＡｌＣｌ３首先引发Ｓｔ聚合后的体系能继续引发ＰＤ的聚合反应。ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２无论先引发Ｓｔ或是ＰＤ,都能在聚合反应完成后接着引发另一单体而生成接枝共聚物Ｐ（ＰＤ－ｇ－Ｓｔ）和Ｐ（Ｓｔ－ｇ－ＰＤ）。二苯醚与烯丙基氯的加入,提高了碳阳离子的稳定性,增加了聚合物的分子量,但降低了碳阳离子的活性,使得聚合反应的产率降低,同时对Ｓｔ和ＰＤ碳阳离子的活性次序无明显影响     

SOCl2／SnCl4—DMSO／n—Bu4NCl引发体系苯乙烯活性阳离子聚合反应的研究

研究表明，ＳＯＣｌ２／ＳｎＣｌ４引发体系的苯乙烯聚合反应很快，但所得聚合产物的分子量分布宽（Ｍｗ／Ｍｎ＝４．３７），且其ＧＰＣ曲线呈多重峰；单独加入季铵盐（ｎ－Ｂｕ４ＮＣｌ）或二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）可使聚合产物分子量分布明显变窄，并随浓度的增加而加强，但程度有限，不显示活性聚合特征；ＤＭＳＯ和ｎ－Ｂｕ４ＮＣｌ同时加入，表现出协同效应，不仅能保持较高的聚合反应活性，而且产物分子量分布很窄（Ｍｗ／Ｍｎ＝１．２７），分子量随单体转化率增加而增加，且线性关系良好，聚合物链数只与引发剂初始浓度相关，显示活性聚合特征。     

（四甲基二硅撑）双（3—三甲硅基环戊二烯基）—四羰基二铁…

标题化合物（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）〔η＾５－（３－Ｍｅ３ＳｉＣ５Ｈ３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）２〕２／（μ－ＣＯ）２（Ａ）分子中的Ｆｅ－Ｆｅ键被钠汞齐还原断裂，生成相应的双铁负离子，分别与ＭｅＣＯＣｌ、ＰｈＣＯＣｌ、ＰｈＣＨ２Ｃｌ、ＣｌＣＨ２ＣＯＯＣ２Ｈ５和Ｐｈ３ＳｎＣｌ进行亲核取代反应，生成在铁原子上引入相应取代基的产物（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）〔η＾５－（３－Ｍｅ３ＳｉＣ５Ｈ３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）２Ｒ〕２（Ｒ：Ｍ     

（四甲基二硅撑）二（3－三甲硅基环戊二烯基）四羰基二铁及其相关化合物的合成及结构

１，２－二（三甲硅基环戊二烯基）四甲基二硅烷与Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_５在二甲苯中于１０５～１１０℃反应除分离到少量标题化合物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η－（３－Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）］_２（μ－ＣＯ）_２（５）外，主要是生成了脱Ｍｅ_３Ｓｉ基的产物（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）［η－Ｃ_５Ｈ_４Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）］_２（μ－ＣＯ）_２（１）及１的热重排异构体［Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＣ５Ｈ４－Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２］_２（２）．将５的二甲苯溶液加热回流１８ｈ，则转化为其异构体［Ｍｅ_２Ｓｉ（Ｍｅ_３ＳｉＣ_５Ｈ_３）Ｆｅ（ＣＯ）_２］_２（６）．脱硅基发生在由相应反应物制备５的过程中。且脱硅基是与反应物中（Ｍｅ_２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ_２）桥的存在有关．５的晶体结构经Ｘ射线衍射测定属单斜晶系，Ｐ２_１／ｍ空间群，晶体学数据：ａ＝０．６７８０（１）ｎｍ，ｂ＝２．２３０３（９）ｎｍ，ｃ＝０．９９８８（１）ｎｎ，；β＝９８．９６（１）°，Ｖ＝１．４９６０ｎｍ~３．Ｚ＝２，Ｄ_ｃ＝１．３６ｇ／ｃｍ~３．     

CH3COSbCl6催化四氢呋喃聚合的研究

ＣＨ_３ＣＯＳｂＣｌ_６催化四氢呋喃聚合的研究栗方星，王红军，马克勤（南开大学化学系，天津，３０００７１）关键词聚四氢呋喃，乙酰基六氯锑酸盐，表观聚合反应速率常数，五氯化锑ＴＨＦ聚合为平衡聚合反应应［１，２］，文献报道［３，４］Ｅｔ３ＯＢＦ４、Ｅｔ３Ｏ...     

茂金属催化剂催化苯乙烯间规聚合 Ⅰ.Cp Ti(CH_2SiMe_3)_3/B(C_6F_5)_3催化体系

考察了新型催化剂Ｃｐ＊Ｔｉ（ＣＨ２ＳｉＭｅ３）３／Ｂ（Ｃ６Ｆ５）３催化苯乙烯间规聚合的性能．结果表明，Ｃｐ＊Ｔｉ（ＣＨ２ＳｉＭｅ３）３与Ｂ（Ｃ６Ｆ５）３等摩尔混合可形成高活性的催化剂，催化活性高达（０．７～１．３７）×１０７ｇ／（ｍｏｌ２·ｈ），聚苯乙烯的间规度为９５％以上．Ｂ（Ｃ６Ｆ５）３／Ｔｉ摩尔比不等于１时，其催化活性和间规立构选择性都明显降低．Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３的加入不仅显著提高催化活性和间规立构选择性，而且还提高了间规聚苯乙烯的相对分子量．最佳聚合温度为３４３Ｋ．在ｃ（Ｓｔ）＝０．４４～６．５６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ范围内，苯乙烯聚合速率对苯乙烯单体呈一级反应，苯乙烯转化率和间规聚苯乙烯的相对分子量随反应时间的增加而提高．     

Ce2O—TiO2／SiO2的制备及除氟性能研究

以ＳｉＯ２为基质，ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２为包覆物质，采用溶胶凝胶法制备ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２表面复合物，并对所制复合物进行除氟测试。用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察表面形貌，讨论实验环境、试剂用量等因素对ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２制备及除氟性能的影响，结果表明：ｎＴｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４／ｎＣｅＣｌ３·７Ｈ２Ｏ＝１、ｎＣＨ３ＣＯＯＨ／ｎＴｉ（ＯＣ４Ｈ９）４＝４５、ｎＣ３Ｈ８Ｏ３／ｎＴｉ（Ｏ４Ｈ９）４＝０３、ＲＨ＝９５％，热处理温度１１０℃时，所制ＣｅＯ２ＴｉＯ２／ＳｉＯ２对Ｆ－的吸附容量（ｑ）为２１４ｍｇ／ｇ，去除率（Ｅ）为８５６％。     

Initiating system Me_3SiCl/AlCl_3 for cationic polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene in toluene

Cationic polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene (PD) initiated by trimethylsilyl chloride/aluminium chloride (TMSCl/AlCl3) was carried out in toluene at 30℃.The polymer yield was increased by the addition of TMSC1.However,introduction of TMSC1 gave rise to a drop of the polymer molecular weight.Kinetic results demonstrated that the polymerization initiated by TMSCl/AlCl3 was 2.8 times faster than that induced by AlCl3 alone.Various ethers and ketones were used to mediate the initiating system TMSCl/AlCl3.The polymer yield and molecular weight of the polymer were decreased in the presence of ether.Ketones and ethers had different effects on the polymerization,and the polymer yield and molecular weight were lower than those initiated by AlCl3 alone or TMSCl/AlCl3 Structural evidence revealed that the polymerization was indeed initiated by AlCl3 and HCl rcsulting from hydrolysis of TMSC1 by adventitious water.     

三甲基硅化合物复合体系引发1,3-戊二烯阳离子聚合研究

研究了三甲基硅化合物 ,主要是三甲基硅酯和三甲基硅氯化物 (TMSCI)与路易斯酸所形成的复合引发体系引发聚合 ,1,3 戊二烯 (PD)的聚合反应行为 ,考察了引发体系引发PD聚合所得聚合物的产率 ,分子量及分子量分布 ,聚合反应速率和聚合反应机理等 ;研究了多种给电体———醚、酮对聚合反应的影响     

(CH3)3SiCl/TiCl4 INITIATING SYSTEM FOR CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION OF 1,3-PENTADIENE

Cationic polymerizations of 1,3-pentadiene (PD) initiated by trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) incombination with TiCl_4 were carried out in n-hexane at 30℃. The yield of polymer was greatly increased bythe addition of TMSCl, indicating that the TMSCl/TiCl_4 combination is an efficient initiating system for PDcationic polymerization. However, the introduction of TMSCl gave rise to a drop in the molecular weight ofthe polymer. Kinetic results demonstrated that the polymerization initiated by TMSCl/TiCl_4 is 4.5 times fasterthan that induced by TiCl_4 alone. Various ethers were used to mediate the TMSCl/TiCl_4 initiating system.Adding diphenyl ether could increase both the yield and molecular weight of the polymer. Structural evidenceillustrates that the polymerization is indeed initiated by TiCl_4 in combination with HCl resulting fromhydrolysis by adventitious water.     

Allyl chloride/AlCl_3/ether cationic initiating systems for polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene

Various ethers were used to mediate the polymerizations of 1,3-pentadiene (PD) initiated by AlCl3 and by allyl chloride (AllyCl)/AlCl3. The introduction of the ethers exert considerable effects on polymer yield and molecular weight due to its interaction with the propagating carbocation. The carbocation reactivity is reduced by this interaction which is subject to the ether's nucleophilicity determined by the steric hindrance of groups adjacent to oxygen. The reduction of carbocation reactivity gives rise to a decrease of polymer yield owing to inhibition of propagation but results in an augmentation of molecular weight due to suppression of various side reactions such as terminations. By using suitably nucleophilic ethers such as diphenyl ether, the polymerization can be mediated to give an high molecular weight polymer in high yield.     

α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、苧烯阳离子聚合的研究

比较了萜烯单体α 蒎烯、β 蒎烯、烯的阳离子聚合性能，还考察了这三种单体的活性聚合可能性．在Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸ＡｌＣｌ３作用下，聚合速率大小顺序为：β 蒎烯＞烯＞α 蒎烯．α 蒎烯、烯的聚合产物分子量较低；β 蒎烯的聚合产物分子量较高．ＡｌＣｌ３与ＳｂＣｌ３复合后，α 蒎烯、烯的聚合速率增加，β 蒎烯的聚合速率反而下降．α 蒎烯的聚合速率增加幅度大于烯，使得前者聚合速率高于后者．与使用ＡｌＣｌ３相比，添加ＳｂＣｌ３后产物的分子量变化是：α 蒎烯变大，烯不变，β 蒎烯则变小．添加ＳｂＣｌ３对β 蒎烯、烯的聚合物结构无影响，而α 蒎烯聚合产物的结构则发生显著变化．活性较高的β 蒎烯在适当的引发体系，如苯乙烯 ＨＣｌ加成物／ＴｉＣｌ３（ＯｉＰｒ）作用下，可以实现活性聚合．α 蒎烯、烯则由于本身单体活性太小，难以实现活性聚合．     

三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯/四氯化钛复合体系引发 1, 3-戊二烯的阳离子聚合

研究了以三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯[(CH~3)~3SiOSO~2CH~3,TMSOFf]为主引发剂,TiCl~4为共引发剂的复合引发体系对1,3-戊二烯(PD)的聚合行为。TMSOTf/TiCl~4复合体系引发PD不但比单独的TiCl~4引发具有更高的引发活性,而且提高了聚合物分子量,能把聚合反应速率提高8.8倍,把聚合物的收率从TiCl~4引发的62.5%提高到95%以上。对该复合体系聚合PD的动力学,反应机理所作的研究表明:TMSOTf和TMSOTf/TiCl~4都是通过它们与体系中残存水通过水解生成的质子酸引发进行的,聚合反应属一级反应。在该体系中加入酮类后,产率和分子量均降低,但均随着酮类的位阻的增加而增大。     

Cp*TiCl2N[Si(CH3)3]2/MAO催化剂合成无规聚丙烯弹性体

合成了Cp TiCl2 N[Si(CH3) 3]2 甲基铝氧烷 (MAO)催化体系 ,以该体系进行丙烯聚合得到无规聚丙烯 ,具有高的分子量及良好的弹性 ,玻璃化温度为 - 8 8℃ .产物经DSC、1 3C NMR、DMA等方法表征 .结果表明 ,催化活性随着丙烯压力的增加 ,有明显的增大 .催化活性在 4 0℃下有最高的催化活性 ,而产物分子量随着温度的下降有明显增大 ,在 0℃～ 5 0℃范围内分子量MW =(2 0～ 6 0 )× 10 4 .     

High-pressure- and low-temperature-induced changes in [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3][SbCl5

The structure of N,N-dimethylethylenediammonium pentachloroantimonate(III), [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3][SbCl5], NNDP, was investigated at 100 and 15 K at ambient pressure, as well as at pressures up to 4.00 GPa at room temperature in the diamond-anvil cell. The stable structure at low temperatures and low pressures consists of isolated [SbCl5]2- anions and [(CH3)2NH(CH2)2NH3]2+ cations. The inorganic anions have a distorted square pyramidal geometry. They are arranged in linear chains parallel to the c axis. In contrast to the low-temperature studies, where no phase transition was detected, pressure induces a P2(1)/c --> P2(1)/n phase transition between 0.55 and 1.00 GPa, accompanied by a doubling of the a unit-cell parameter. This solid-solid transition results from changes in the electron configuration of the Sb(III) atom and formation of the Sb-Cl bridging bonds between inorganic polyhedra to form, at approximately 1.0 GPa, isolated [Sb2Cl10]4- units consisting of [SbCl6]3- octahedra and [SbCl5]2- square pyramids connected by a common corner. The intermolecular distances continuously decrease with further increase in pressure, and at approximately 3.1 GPa, zigzag [{SbCl5}n]2n- chains containing corner-sharing [SbCl6]3- octahedra are formed. The unit-cell volume of NNDP decreases by 18.15% between room pressure and 4.00 GPa. The linear distortions of the [SbCl5]2- and [SbCl6]3- polyhedra decrease with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature and indicate a reduction in the stereochemical activity of the lone electron pair on the Sb(III) atom.     

Allyl chloride/AIC13/ether cationic initiating systems for polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene

Various ethers were used to mediate the polymerization of 1,3-pentadiene (PD) initiated by AlCl₃ and by allyl chloride (AllyCl)/AlCl₃. The introduction of the ethers exert considerable effects on polymer yield and molecular weight due to its interaction with the propagating carbocation. The carbocation reactivity is reduced by this interaction which is subject to the ether's nucleophilicity determined by the steric hindrance of groups adjacent to oxygen. The reduction of carbocation reactivity gives rise to a decrease of polymer yield owing to inhibition of propagation but results in an augmentation of molecular weight due to suppression of various side reactions such as terminations. By using suitably nucleophilic ethers such as diphenyl ether, the polymerization can be mediated to give an high molecular weight polymer in high yield.     

Schiff碱镧配合物的合成及其催化烷基异氰酸酯聚合

通过氯化镧与Schiff碱钠盐(NaSalen)的交换反应制备了4种镧的Schiff碱配合物La(HSalen1-4)3,对其中以3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛缩苯胺为配体的配合物La(HSalen2)3进行了X-射线单晶衍射分析,测定其单晶结构为五角双锥构型,七配位的镧金属中心与氮和氧原子相连.将所得的La(HSalen)3...