硝基苯在离子液体BMimBF4-H2O中的电还原

采用循环伏安法和恒电位电解法研究了离子液体BMimBF4-H2O 中硝基苯在微铂电极上的电还原特性. 实验表明, 在BMimBF4中, 随着硝基苯和水的浓度变化, 循环伏安曲线的峰电位和峰电流呈现复杂的变化规律; 硝基苯在铂电极上的电还原反应为双分子8 电子3 步骤电化学过程, 第一步反应为准可逆单分子单电子转移步骤, 产生阴离子自由基, 第二步为2 电子转移步骤, 并伴有随后的双分子不可逆自由基偶合化学反应, 主要产物为氧化偶氮苯, 第三步是2 电子转移产生偶氮苯的过程.     

Relationship between the transference of a drug from a transdermal patch and the physicochemical properties.

The transferred percentages of 13 drugs to rat skin from transdermal patches were studied to reveal the relationship to their physicochemical properties. The drugs to be tested had melting points of 13.5-234 degrees C, lipophilic indices of 0.475-5.336, and molecular weights of 122.12-392.45. The transferred percentage of drug to intact skin was lower, the higher the melting point, lipophilic index and molecular weight. The same was true in stripped skin, where the transferred percentage of drug was markedly increased. The difference between transferred drug percentages to stripped and intact skin, which could be regarded as the regulatory contribution of the stratum corneum, tended to be larger, the lower the drug's melting point and lipophilic index.     

FTIR spectroscopic studies of layer systems transferred onto germanium supports

An ATR attachment was adapted to a FTIR spectrometer. The increased sensitivity makes it possible to measure spectra of transferred monolayers. The characteristic vibrational frequencies of the transferred multilayer systems of two different substance types (octadecanoic acid, octadecylamine) were investigated in dependence on the layer number. A direct correlation between the absorbance and the transferred substance quantity was found. The absence of interaction between the first layer and the germanium surface was evidenced by the lack of a difference between multilayer spectra divided by the layer number, and the measured spectrum of one layer.     

PQ型显影体系的电化学研究

通过改变PQ型系列显影液的组分和浓度,使该系列显影液的显影特性从Lith型逐渐演变到超加合型。用循环伏安法对系列显影液中的对苯二酚氧化还原过程进行测量。证明了该系列显影过程所遵循的机理从Yule提出的Lith机理转变到Levenson的再生机理。电化学测量结果与Van Veelen的照相性能测定结果相一致。     

Towards physical interpretation of Hammett constants: charge transferred between active regions of substituents and a functional group

The charges transferred between substituents and two functional groups: nitroso and N,N-dimethylamine in disubstituted benzene rings, were calculated at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level, using Natural Population Analysis. They were compared with the charges transferred between active regions of the substituents and of the groups. The transferred charge was well correlated with the Hammett constants, but only when the charges were calculated for the corresponding active regions instead of being calculated for the substituents and functional groups themselves. The results were compared for substituents introduced at the para and meta position to the NO and N(CH₃)₂ groups.     

Press‐Printed Conductive Carbon Black Nanoparticle Films for Molecular Detection at the Microscale

Carbon black nanoparticle (CBNP) press‐transferred film‐based transducers for the molecular detection at the microscale level were proposed for the first time. Current‐sensing atomic force microscopy (CS‐AFM) revealed that the CBNP films were effectively press‐transferred, retaining their good conductivity. A significant correlation between the morphology and the resistance was observed. The highest resistance was localized at the top of the press‐transferred film protrusions, whereas low values are usually obtained at the deep crevices or grooves. The amount of press‐transferred CBNPs is the key parameter to obtain films with improved conductivity, which is in good agreement with the electrochemical response. In addition, the conductivity of such optimum films was not only Ohmic; in fact, tunneling/hopping contributions were observed, as assessed by CS‐AFM. The CBNP films acted as exclusive electrochemical transducers as evidenced by using two classes of molecules, that is, neurotransmitters and environmental organic contaminants. These results revealed the potential of these CBNP press‐transferred films for providing new options in microfluidics and other related micro‐ and nanochemistry applications.     

Mathematical Modeling of Silica Anode Decomposition

The volatilization of quartz in a transferred arc plasma followed byquench and recondensation is a promising route to the production offumed silica. In this work, an existing model of a transferred arcwas modified and combined with a newly developed model of a moltensilica anode to predict the behavior of a transferred arc evaporatoras a function of current and plasma gas flow rate. The model predictstemperature, current, and flow fields in both the plasma and anode aswell as evaporation rates. Although quantitative agreement withexperimental results was not possible because of insufficient propertydata for silica at high temperature, the results were within an orderof magnitude of those measured experimentally. The model developed isuseful for the design and scaleup of this type of reactor.     

微接触印刷技术转移Au纳米粒子及氧化石墨烯复合图案及其性质研究

通过改良的“Hummers方法”制得氧化石墨烯,利用聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）弹性印章的微接触印刷技术,以Au膜和氧化石墨烯溶液为“墨水”,通过二次印章转移,分别将Au纳米粒子和氧化石墨烯（Graphene Oxide,GO）转移至修饰了(3-氨基丙基)三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）的ITO基底（APTES/ITO）表面. 利用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等表征图案,结果表明转移的AuNPs和GO组成的复合图案均匀,致密性较好. 利用表面电势显微镜（Surface Potential Microscope,SEPM,KFM）测定了各部分的表面电势,以APTES/ITO基底表面为表面电势零点,各部分表面电势大小为：APTES/ITO > GO > Au（0,-11.6,-44.2 mV）.     

Influence of monolayer state on spectroscopy and photoisomerization of an amphiphilic styryl-pyridinium dye on a solid substrate

The spectroscopy and photochromic properties of transferred monolayers of the amphiphilic styryl-pyridinium dye 4-(3',4'-dimethoxystyryl)-N-octadecylpyridinium perchlorate (DMPOP) were studied at different conditions during their transfer. The emission maxima of the monolayers transferred from the air-water interface in the liquid-expanded phase are strongly dependent on the surface pressure applied during the transfer process, even at values when the area per molecule is 2-3 times larger than the area occupied by a chromophore. In monolayers transferred from the liquid-condensed phase, the presence of a different kind of aggregates was observed. The fluorescence emission properties of the monolayers can be reversibly modulated by photoinduced E-Z isomerization. A blue shift up to 72 nm in the emission maximum, depending on the transfer conditions of the films, can be obtained by irradiation with blue light, and partially recovered (a red shift of up to 26 nm) with UV radiation. The rate at which the first process (E-->Z) takes place is drastically reduced in monolayers transferred from the liquid-condensed phase as compared to those transferred from the liquid-expanded one. However, the rate of the reverse reaction (Z-->E) is not significantly altered. These properties make DMPOP a promising material for the preparation of Langmuir-Blodgett films, whose properties can be effectively controlled by the transfer conditions and subsequently optically modulated, for potential applications as photonics devices for data storage.     

相转移方法制备银纳米粒子单层膜

在油酸钠保护下用NaBH_4还原AgNO_3，制得了银纳料粒子胶体溶液。利用相转 移剂NaH_2PO_4等，使Ag纳料粒子在水／朋机相界面之间形成薄膜。形成的Ag纳料 粒子膜可以转移到玻璃等基质上，讨论了其转移机理；并用石英晶体微天平（QCM ）宣检测了银纳料粒子的相转移量。     

Langmuir-Blodgett films and chiroptical switch of an azobenzene-containing dendron regulated by the in situ host-guest reaction at the air/water interface

An amphiphilic dendron containing an azobenzene ring at the focal point and the l-glutamate peripheral groups was designed. Its monolayer formation and host-guest reaction with cyclodextrins at the air/water interface and the properties of the transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films were investigated. The individual dendron, although without any long alkyl chains, could still form a stable monolayer at the air/water interface because of the good balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts within the molecule. When cyclodextrin (CyD) was added to the subphase, a host-guest reaction occurred in situ at the air/water interface. The inclusion of the focal azobenzene moiety into the cavity of cyclodextrin decreased the packing of the aromatic ring and also led to the diminishment of the molecular area. Both the films formed at the surface of pure water and aqueous cyclodextrins were transferred onto solid substrates. Nanofiber structures were obtained for the film from the water surface as a result of the packing of the azobenzene groups, and circular domains were obtained for the film transferred from the aqueous CyD phases. The film transferred from the water surface showed an exciton couplet in the absorption band of azobenzene, whereas a negative Cotton effect was obtained for the film from CyD subphases. It was found that the supramolecular chirality in the LB film transferred from water was due to the transfer of the molecular chirality to the assemblies whereas that from the CyD subphase was due to the inclusion of azobenzene into the chiral cavity. Interestingly, the film from the water surface was photoinactive, whereas a reversible optical and chiroptical switch could be obtained for the film from the α-CyD subphase. The work provided a way to regulate the assembly and functions of organized molecular films by taking advantage of the interfacial host-guest reaction.     

Conductivity‐Dependent Completion of Oxygen Reduction on Oxide Catalysts

The electric conductivity‐dependence of the number of electrons transferred during the oxygen reduction reaction is presented. Intensive properties, such as the number of electrons transferred, are difficult to be considered conductivity‐dependent. Four different perovskite oxide catalysts of different conductivities were investigated with varying carbon contents. More conductive environments surrounding active sites, achieved by more conductive catalysts (providing internal electric pathways) or higher carbon content (providing external electric pathways), resulted in higher number of electrons transferred toward more complete 4e reduction of oxygen, and also changed the rate‐determining steps from two‐step 2e process to a single‐step 1e process. Experimental evidence of the conductivity dependency was described by a microscopic ohmic polarization model based on effective potential localized nearby the active sites.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定岩石中砷和锑

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了岩石中砷和锑的含量。样品预先粉碎至通过孔径为0.25～0.42mm的细筛,称取此粉碎的样品0.1000～0.3000g,先于盐酸-硝酸(3+1)混合酸8mL中浸泡30 min,然后放入沸水浴中消解2 h,将溶液及不溶物一起移入50 mL容量瓶中,加水定容。移取上清液5.00mL置于10mL容量瓶中,加入100g·L~(-1)硫脲及抗坏血酸混合溶液2.5mL,用盐酸(5+95)溶液定容,分取此溶液1.0mL进样按选定的仪器条件进行分析。用20g·L~(-1)硼氢化钾溶液作为产生砷及锑的氢化物的还原剂,砷(Ⅲ)及锑(Ⅲ)的质量浓度依次在0.50～60μg·L~(-1)和0.50～80μg·L~(-1)范围内与其相应的荧光强度呈线性关系。应用此方法测定了两种岩石标准物质(GBW 07106及GBW 07108)中的砷及锑量,其测定值与认定值一致,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于3.5%。     

Interfacial assembly of an achiral zinc phthalocyanine at the air/water interface: a surface pressure dependent aggregation and supramolecular chirality

The aggregation and supramolecular chirality of the interfacial assemblies of an achiral phthalcyanine derivative, zinc 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octakis(octyloxy)-29 H,31 H-phthaloxyanine (ZnPc), were investigated, and a surface pressure dependent behavior was observed. It was found that ZnPc could be spread as a Langmuir film on water surface and transferred onto solid substrates by the horizontal lifting method. The compound formed mixed J- and H-aggregates in the transferred Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films. Deconvolution of the broaden Q-band revealed three main components of the spectra, which corresponded to H- and J-aggregates and medium transition aggregates, whose relative contents could be modulated by the surface pressure at which the films were transferred. On the other hand, the transferred LB films composed of these aggregates showed Cotton effects in circular dichroism spectra when the floating film was compressed over a certain surface pressure although the compound itself was achiral. The cooperative arrangement of the macrocylic ring in a helical manner through the interfacial organization was suggested to be responsible for such optical activity in the LB films. A possible explanation based on the cooperative arrangement of the ZnPc building blocks in a helical sense stacking in the aggregates was proposed.     

Stretching of single DNA molecules complexed with restriction endonuclease by Langmuir-Blodgett method

We have proposed a new technique for stretching single double-stranded DNA molecules on solid substrates by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method. The polyion complex monolayer of a cationic amphiphile and DNA molecules formed at the air–water interface was transferred on a clean glass substrate. Vertical lifting up of the glass substrate provided the transferred monolayer consisting the stretched individual DNA molecules aligned parallel to the lifting direction on the glass. The DNA molecules complexed with the restriction endonuclease (EcoRI) were employed for stretching by using this method. Fluorescence images of the transferred monolayer showed that the EcoRI-binding DNA molecules could be stretched and immobilized on the glass substrate. A specific sequence of DNA recognized by EcoRI was detected as spatial positions of the stretched DNA molecules.     

Single molecular stamping of a sub-10-nm colloidal quantum dot array

We introduce a nanoscale stamping technique of sub-10-nm colloidal quantum dot (QD) arrays to highly localized areas of three-dimensional nanostructures using a quartz tuning fork employed as the stamp pad (the "Nano Stamp"). CdSe/ZnS core-shell nanoparticles with diameters of 9.8 nm were deposited on microfabricated silicon probe tips. The number of transferred QDs, which ranged from several thousands down to single molecular order (less than 10), was precisely controlled by adjusting the stamping depths and angles. The stamping areas were varied from 1.2 microm x 1.2 microm down to 30 nm x 30 nm. Using the Nano Stamp, QDs can be transferred to a variety of protruding nanostructures. The amount of particles transferred to the tip was assessed by fluorescence intensity measurements, and the number of particles was estimated by direct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Correlation between the fluorescence intensity and the observed stamping depth and the approaching angle of the tip was found, demonstrating the efficacy of our Nano Stamp technique.     

Theoretical study of the aluminum distribution effects on the double proton transfer mechanisms upon adsorption of 4,4'-bipyridine on H-ZSM-5

The aluminum distribution effects on the adsorption of 4,4'-bipyridine (44BPY) in the straight channel of H-ZSM-5 simulated by two ten-membered ring clusters (2-10T) have been investigated by DFT methods. The energetic and structural properties of the complexes formed upon interaction of 44BPY with the zeolite Br?nsted acid sites for six different aluminum distributions were determined by B3LYP/6-31+G* calculations. Dispersion energies were estimated by performing single point calculations at the MP2 and M06-2X levels. Interaction energies were corrected for basis set superposition error (BSSE). The minimum energy pathways of the double proton transfer from H-ZSM-5 to 44BPY were characterized. Two mechanisms are proposed: a concerted mechanism in which both protons are simultaneously transferred giving the bidentate ion pair complex (44BPYH?2?/2-10T2?) and a consecutive mechanism in which one proton is transferred directly leading to the monodentate ion pair complex (44BPYH?/2-10T?), whereas the second proton can be transferred according to Al distribution. The formation of monodentate or bidentate complexes strongly depends on the Al distribution.     

高振动激发态吡嗪碰撞传能的QCT计算研究

用准经典轨线(QCT)方法计算了高振动激发态吡嗪(C4N2H4)与N2、O2、NH3、基态吡嗪之间的碰撞传能. C4N2H4通过计算发现, 高振动激发态C4N2H4与N2、O2碰撞发生的主要是V-V传能, 与NH3碰撞发生的主要是V-R传能, 与基态C4N2H4碰撞发生的主要是V-V(R)传能. 通过比较高振动激发态C4N2H4、C6F6、C6H6与其基态分子的碰撞传能， 发现此类碰撞传能中, 若分子的对称性高， 则V-V传能更容易实现.     

Combining sugar biosynthesis genes for the generation of L- and D-amicetose and formation of two novel antitumor tetracenomycins

L- and D-stereoisomers of amicetose were generated by combining sugar biosynthesis genes from four different antibiotic gene clusters and both sugars were transferred to the elloramycin aglycone by the sugar flexible ElmGT glycosyltransferase.