密度泛函理论研究银上吸附对巯基吡啶的SERS化学增强效应

基于密度泛函理论计算和拉曼光谱理论分析,我们研究了对巯基吡啶(4MPY)分子的拉曼光谱和其在银上的表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS),并进一步探讨了SERS与界面吸附结构、异构化、质子化和氢键作用以及低能激发态的关系。首先,我们对两种分子异构体的相对稳定性和拉曼光谱进行了理论分析。在此基础上,进而研究了该分子与不同银簇作用时的拉曼光谱,结果表明,4MPY以巯基硫与银簇作用形成强的Ag―S键,导致拉曼光谱的线型不依赖于所选银簇的大小。接着我们考虑了吡啶氮端作用的两种情况。(1)当4MPY-银簇复合物同时以吡啶氮与水簇或水合质子簇形成氢键时,结果表明吡啶环的部分振动频率随氢键和质子化发生蓝移。(2)当考虑吡啶氮与银簇作用时,吡啶环三角畸变振动发生蓝移。上述情况不仅解释了实验观测的振动频率变化,而且表明了化学环境改变对相对拉曼强度的影响。最后,我们计算了当对巯基吡啶分子以单端或双端与银簇作用,在考虑激发光与低能激发态的能量匹配时,拉曼光谱强度与低能激发态的关系。计算结果表明,在双端吸附构型下,与吡啶氮成键的银簇受激发产生电荷转移态,不仅导致吡啶环v_(12)、v_1和v_(8a)振动的拉曼信号增强,而且选择性地增强吡啶环C―H面内对称弯曲振动v9a的拉曼信号。     

四-（4-吡啶基）卟啉二酸聚集体的共振拉曼光谱

研究了近激子吸收带激发下四-（4-吡啶基）卟啉二酸（H8TPyP^6＋）聚集体的共振拉曼光谱。测量了H8TPyP^6＋单体和聚集体的紫外可见吸收谱和共振光散射光谱．在氘代位移的基础上结合相关体系振动光谱研究,对测得的H8TPyP^6＋单体和聚集体的拉曼谱带进行了指认．聚集体的形成导致H8TPyP^6＋的卟啉环CC／CN面内伸缩振动向低波数方向位移2-6cm^-1,而卟啉环鞍形面外振动带向高波数方向位移12cm^-1．基于拉曼谱带的强度和频率变化分析了聚集引起的H8TPyP^6＋分了内结构变化和分子间氢键作用．     

稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的激光拉曼和红外光谱(英文)

本文测定了15个一水稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的激光拉曼和红外光谱。结果表明在401、415cm~(-1)附近的拉曼谱带对不同稀土离子表现敏感。它们随原子序数变化呈现“四分组效应”。这是第一次在振动光谱中观察到的镧系递变规律。该系列络合物的振动频率变化也符合镧系“斜W效应”规律。这些特征规律为确认401、415cm~(-1)附近谱带为M-O拉伸振动提供了极好的证据。从络合物M-O振动频率,近似地利用双原子分子关系式计算得到M-O拉伸振动的力常数,当进一步研究力常数与络合物稳定常数对数关系时,发现以Eu为交点得到轻、重稀土斜率显著不同的两条直线。重稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的稳定常数的对数变化很小,而力常数则有显著的变化,可见力常数是描述络合物的更敏感的结构参数。在红外光谱中,随着稀土金属离子与乙酰丙酮的络合,C=O基拉伸频率降低,这意味着络合时伴有电荷迁移发生。从C=O基和C(?)C基红外吸收随原子序数的变化表明,乙酰丙酮大环中,负电荷倾向非定域。虽然通常认为稀土乙酰丙酮络合物是离子型的,但实验结果表明,有一定的共价成份存在。     

Fe-AlPO4-5分子筛的共振拉曼光谱

利用周期性密度泛函的方法, 将过渡金属杂原子取代的硅基分子筛的共振拉曼计算结果成功推广到磷铝分子筛体系中. 根据对Fe-ZSM-5共振拉曼光谱特点的推广和对Fe-AlPO4-5振动光谱的理论计算结果, 预测在Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱的1190、1130、1000-1050和600 cm-1位置附近将出现四条显著的谱带. 实验的Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱中确实观察到四条与骨架Fe物种相关的谱带分别位于1210、1130、1050和630 cm-1处, 与预测结果一致. 另外发现含铁磷铝分子筛的共振振动频率要高于相应的含铁硅基分子筛体系的振动频率, 这种频率的差异主要是氧在不同分子筛体系中受力的力常数不同引起的. 另外磷氧四面体和铝氧四面体之间的电荷吸引作用对振动频率也有较大的影响.     

Fe-AlPO4-5 分子筛的共振拉曼光谱

利用周期性密度泛函的方法,将过渡金属杂原子取代的硅基分子筛的共振拉曼计算结果成功推广到磷铝分子筛体系中.根据对Fe-ZSM-5共振拉曼光谱特点的推广和对Fe-AlPO4-5振动光谱的理论计算结果,预测在Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱的1190、1130、1000-1050和600 cm-1位置附近将出现四条显著的谱带.实验的Fe-AlPO4-5的共振拉曼光谱中确实观察到四条与骨架Fe物种相关的谱带分别位于1210、1130、1050和630 cm-1处,与预测结果一致.另外发现含铁磷铝分子筛的共振振动频率要高于相应的含铁硅基分子筛体系的振动频率,这种频率的差异主要是氧在不同分子筛体系中受力的力常数不同引起的.另外磷氧四面体和铝氧四面体之间的电荷吸引作用对振动频率也有较大的影响.     

磷酸可待因的振动光谱研究

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算了磷酸可待因的拉曼和红外光谱.采用B3LYP混合泛函和6-31G基函数组,同时在实验上测量了磷酸可待因的常规拉曼光谱(NRS)和红外吸收光谱(IRS),结果表明:在振动频率上理论结果与实验结果相当一致,根据理论计算的结果对磷酸可待因的振动光谱进行分析,通过理论与实验数据的比较,对磷酸可待因的所有振动谱带进行了全面地归属.     

稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的激光拉曼和红外光谱(Ⅰ)

本文测定了15个一水稀土乙酰丙酮络合物的激光拉曼和红外光谱,在401、415cm~(-1)附近的拉曼谱带对不同稀土离子表现敏感,它们随原子序数变化呈现“四分组”效应,这是第一次在振动光谱中观察到的镧系递变规律。该系列络合物的振动频率变化亦符合镧系“斜W”效应的规律,这些特征规律为确认401、415cm^-1附近谱带为M-O拉伸振动提供了最好的证据。实验结果同时可用于讨论M-O键的性质。     

丙酮酸分子结构与振动光谱的密度泛函理论研究

用密度泛函方法BLYP、B3LYP和从头算Hartree-Fock(HF)方法在6-31G*基组水平上对丙酮酸分子的几何结构（甲基的重叠式和交错式两种构象）和振动光谱分别进行了优化和计算,并给出了各种频率所对应的红外强度及拉曼活性,对光谱进行了指认。结果表明：在丙酮酸分子的两种构象中,重叠式比较稳定*B3LYP计算得到的构型参数与实验结果比较一致;在振动频率的计算中,BLYP未标度力场所计算的非CH3伸缩振动基频预测值和实验值的平均绝对偏差为10.4cm-1;而HF标度力场的平均绝对偏差为17.9cm-1。说明两者的结果与实验观测频率比较吻合,但B3LYP的频率计算值偏差（38.3cm-1）较大。根据振动频率的势能分布和红外光谱强度对此分子的振动基频进行了理论归属。     

和频与差频振动光谱实验构型的分析模拟

实验构型分析是定量分析和频振动光谱的基础.变换实验构型,不仅要考虑某一振动模式信号强度的大小,还要考虑不同构型下的信号检测效率.现有的和频振动光谱实验构型分析主要考虑前者.本文探讨实验构型分析中所涉及的信号检测效率问题,模拟在共向式和频(差频)及对射式和频(差频)振动光谱实验中选取何种实验构型对采集信号光更加合理有效.利用相干光学过程能量守恒和动量守恒原理,分析了入射角及入射光频率等因素对信号出射角的影响,并模拟了信号出射角与入射角及入射光频率的关系,得到了可选的入射角组合最多、出射角随入射光频率变化最小的实验构型.结果表明,和频振动光谱采取共向式实验构型,差频振动光谱采取对射式实验构型,有利于信号采集,进而有利于用实验构型分析方法对和频(差频)振动光谱进行定量研究.     

分子动态模拟与分子振动光谱——Ⅰ.内坐标相关法与谱带的归属

分子动态模拟法的发展为从理论上模拟真实的分子体系的振动光谱打开了方便之门。该法不但可以预报分子的振动频率,谱带的强度,还有能力模拟谱带的形状。该法在这方面发展中的不足之处是振动谱带归属不清晰。本研究提出了一个新的方法,“内坐标相关法”,来克服这一缺点。文中对“内坐标相关法”模拟振动光谱的合理性做出了理论上的解释。并指出用这一方法模拟的光谱与传统的简正坐标分析方法得到的结果的关联。对用“内坐标相关法”模拟的孤立分子的振动光谱,在有序的晶体中分子链的振动光谱,以及振动谱带对温度响应情况进行了简要的讨论。     

以Au/Cu纳米棒为基底的肺腺癌组织的特征表面增强拉曼光谱研究

通过金铜共混法制备了Au/Cu合金纳米棒,研究了铜掺杂对金纳米棒等离子体共振吸收和结构的影响,探究了Au/Cu合金纳米棒的等离子体共振拉曼增强效应.以Au/Cu合金纳米棒为基底对肺腺癌组织和癌旁正常组织进行了表面增强拉曼光谱检测.结果显示,癌变组织具有比癌旁正常组织更强的拉曼信号峰,位于1250,1344,1408,1568,1608和2560 cm~(-1)附近的拉曼峰分别与蛋白质的AmideⅡ氨基化合物、C—H弯曲振动、核酸中CH_3的对称变角振动、蛋白质色氨酸惰性环振动、蛋白质酰胺I谱带分子间反平行β-折叠的C—O健伸缩振动和蛋白质的巯基(S—H)伸缩振动有关,2936 cm~(-1)附近的拉曼峰为蛋白质CH_2的对称伸缩振动和CH_3的反对称伸缩振动共同作用产生.以铜掺杂的金纳米棒为基底的表面增强拉曼光谱法有望成为检测肺癌组织的有效手段.     

高岭石结构缺陷的 1H MAS NMR和Raman研究

The structure default of kaolinites was characterized with ¹H MAS NMR and Raman spectra. Although the HI indexes of Suzhou and Maoming kaolinite are similar, their ¹H MAS NMR and Raman spectra are very different. ¹H MAS NMR showed that the hydroxyl proton chemical shifts of Suzhou kaolinite are in the higher field and with larger different between the inner surface hydroxyls protons and inner hydroxyls proton chemical shifts than Maoming kaolinite. Raman spectra showed that the surface hydroxyls stretching vibration bands of Suzhou kaolinite are in the high frequency region, and the half height widths of the bands are 7.0～14 cm^-1. The area ratio S_z/(S_z+S_A), where S_Z and S_A are the areas of bands 3685 cm^-1 and 3695 cm^-1 respectively, is 0.23. But the surface hydroxyls stretching vibration bands of Maoming kaolinite are in the low frequency region, and the half height widths of the bands are 8.9～15.1 cm^-1. The area ratio S_z/(S_z+S_A) is 0.77. Those data proved that Suzhou kaolinite has lower structure default than Maoming kaolinite and ¹H MAS NMR and Raman spectra are effective method for study of kaolinite structure default.     

酯类基础油热氧化过程中的拉曼光谱分析

将DXR激光显微拉曼光谱仪与Linkam FTIR600控温台联用,测定了连续加热、恒温氧化过程中三羟甲基丙烷油酸酯(TMPTO)、偏苯三酸三异酸酯(TDTM)、己二酸二异辛酯(DOA)等酯类基础油的拉曼特征峰的变化规律,探讨了热氧化过程中酯类油分子结构的变化特点。研究发现,随着加热温度的提高,酯类基础油的部分拉曼峰的峰位与峰强均发生了明显变化;酯类基础油的甲基与亚甲基的C—H伸缩振动峰及亚甲基的剪式振动峰对温度很敏感,随着温度的升高发生了不同程度的峰强衰减,冷却后可基本恢复;C‖O振动峰随温度的升高变化不明显;TMPTO酯类基础油的C‖C双键伸缩振动峰随着温度升高逐渐向高波区移动冷却后可恢复,‖C—H和C‖C的伸缩振动峰强冷却后不能完全恢复;恒温下随着氧化时间的延长,TDTM和DOA基础油的拉曼峰无明显变化,与TMPTO基础油的‖C—H、C‖C及—CH2—相关的拉曼峰呈规律性衰减。因此可运用原位拉曼光谱法对不饱和酯类基础油中连续氧化进行监测。而原位光谱法对饱和酯类油和芳香酯类油高温连续氧化过程的监测具有一定的局限性。     

Structure of associates in tetramethylurea aqueous solutions from the data of Raman scattering spectroscopy

The results from investigating interactions between tetramethylurea (TMU) and water molecules by means of Raman light scattering spectroscopy (RS) are presented. It is established that spectroscopic manifestations of association of TMU and H₂O molecules are observed for the TMU molecule valence vibration band ν(CO) 1638 cm⁻¹. By means of quantum-chemical calculations, it is shown that the band sensitivity to molecular environment is defined by the number of 5–6 H₂O molecules. It is found that in a pure TMU medium, chain dimers are formed due to the interactions of molecular dipoles arranged in parallel and hydrogen bonds of the C-H…O type. Ground state geometries of TMU, TMU-TMU, H₂O molecules and TMU · (H₂O) _n complexes (n = 1−14) are optimized by the density functional B3LYP procedure, using the 6–31++G(d, p) basis set. The main vibration frequencies are calculated in the harmonic approximation. Associate formation energies are calculated with allowance for the basis set superposition error (BSSE).     

Microscopic Investigation of Ethylene Carbonate Interface: A Molecular Dynamics and Vibrational Spectroscopic Study

Ethylene carbonate(EC) liquid and its vapor-liquid interface were investigated using a combination of molecular dynamics(MD)simulation and vibrational IR, Raman and sum frequency generation(SFG)spectroscopies. The MD simulation was performed with a flexible and polarizable model of the EC molecule newly developed for the computation of vibrational spectra. The internal vibration of the model was described on the basis of the harmonic couplings of vibrational modes, including the anharmonicity and Fermi resonance coupling of C=O stretching. The polarizable model was represented by the charge response kernel(CRK),which is based on ab initio molecular orbital calculations and can be readily applied to other systems. The flexible and polarizable model can also accurately reproduce the structural and thermodynamic properties of EC liquid. Meanwhile, a comprehensive set of vibrational spectra of EC liquid, including the IR and Raman spectra of the bulk liquid as well as the SFG spectra of the liquid interface, were experimentally measured and reported. The set of experimental vibrational spectra provided valuable information for validating the model, and the MD simulation using the model comprehensively elucidates the observed vibrational IR, Raman, and SFG spectra of EC liquid. Further MD analysis of the interface region revealed that EC molecules tend to orientate themselves with the C=O bond parallel to the interface. The MD simulation explains the positive Im[χ~((2))](ssp) band of the C=O stretching region in the SFG spectrum in terms of the preferential orientation of EC molecules at the interface. This work also elucidates the distinct lineshapes of the C=O stretching band in the IR, Raman, and SFG spectra. The lineshapes of the C=O band are split by the Fermi resonance of the C=O fundamental and the overtone of skeletal stretching. The Fermi resonance of C=O stretching was fully analyzed using the empirical potential parameter shift analysis(EPSA) method. The apparently different lineshapes of the C=O stretching band in the IR, Raman, and SFG spectra were attributed to the frequency shift of the C=O fundamental in different solvation environments in the bulk liquid and at the interface. This work proposes a systematic procedure for investigating the interface structure and SFG spectra, including general modeling procedure based on ab initio calculations, validation of the model using available experimental data, and simultaneous analysis of molecular orientation and SFG spectra through MD trajectories. The proposed procedure provides microscopic information on the EC interface in this study, and can be further applied to investigate other interface systems, such as liquid-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces.     

氮气笼型水合物的激光拉曼光谱

在253K和16MPa的压力下,于实验室内合成了氮气水合物,用显微共焦拉曼光谱对其N-N和O-H键伸缩振动的光谱特征进行了研究．结果表明,氮气水合物中的N-N和O—H键的拉曼峰分别为2322．4和3092．1cm^-1,与天然的空气水合物中的数据十分接近．另外,还测定了液氮和溶解于水中的氮分子中N—N键的拉曼峰值,分别为2326．6和2325．0cm^-1．氮气笼型水合物分解的拉曼谱图表明,氮分子同时进入水合物的大笼和小笼中,但由于氮分子在大、小笼中的环境氛围十分接近,其拉曼位移相差不大,故拉曼谱图只能显示N—N键伸缩振动一个峰．     

高岭石/甲酰胺插层的Raman和DRIFT光谱

用Raman和漫反射红外光谱研究高岭石/甲酰胺插层反应机理及插层作用对高岭石微结构的影响.     

Molecular dynamics simulation of liquid methanol. II. Unified assignment of infrared, Raman, and sum frequency generation vibrational spectra in methyl C-H stretching region

Vibrational spectra of methyl C-H stretching region are notoriously complicated, and thus a theoretical method of systematic assignment is strongly called for in condensed phase. Here we develop a unified analysis method of the vibrational spectra, such as infrared (IR), polarized and depolarized Raman, and ssp polarized sum frequency generation (SFG), by flexible and polarizable molecular dynamics simulation. The molecular model for methanol has been developed by charge response kernel model to allow for analyzing the methyl C-H stretching vibrations. The complicated spectral structure by the Fermi resonance has been unraveled by empirically shifting potential parameters, which provides clear information on the coupling mechanism. The analysis confirmed that for the IR, polarized Raman, and SFG spectra, two-band structure at about 2830 and 2950 cm(-1) results from the Fermi resonance splitting of the methyl C-H symmetric stretching and bending overtones. In the IR spectrum, the latter, higher-frequency band is overlapped with prominent asymmetric C-H stretching bands. In the depolarized Raman spectrum, the high frequency band at about 2980 cm(-1) is assigned to the asymmetric C-H stretching mode. In the SFG spectrum, the two bands of the splitted symmetric C-H stretching mode have negative amplitudes of imaginary nonlinear susceptibility χ(2), while the higher-frequency band is partly cancelled by positive imaginary components of asymmetric C-H stretching modes.     

Label-Free Imaging of Intracellular Temperature by Using the O−H Stretching Raman Band of Water

We propose a label-free method for measuring intracellular temperature using a Raman image of a cell in the O−H stretching band. Raman spectra of cultured cells and the medium were first measured at various temperatures using a Raman microscope and the intensity ratio of the two regions of the O−H stretching band was calculated. The intensity ratio varies linearly with temperature in both the medium and cells, and the resulting calibration lines allow simultaneous visualization of both intracellular and extracellular temperatures in a label-free manner. We applied this method to the measurement of temperature changes after the introduction of FCCP (carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone) in living cells. We observed a temperature rise in the cytoplasm and succeeded in obtaining an image of the change in intracellular temperature after the FCCP treatment.     

Characterizing the BP Stretching Vibration in Phosphorus‐Substituted Phosphine Boranes

The experimental Raman spectra of three phosphorus‐substituted phosphine boranes with bulky hydrocarbon substituents are presented and compared to the results of electronic structure computations by using the M06‐2X method and the 6‐311G(2df, 2pd) basis set. Total‐energy distributions (TEDs) are calculated to describe the degree of mixing of the dative‐bond stretching vibration with other simple internal coordinates. This level of theory is found to accurately reproduce the B?P stretching frequency in all three crystalline solids. The Raman spectra of five smaller B?P‐containing molecules, including BH₃PH₃, are also simulated at this level of theory and compared to previous experimental results.