A stability study of Navier-Stokes equations (III)

In this paper, the necessary conditions of the existence of C² solutions in some initial problems of Navier-Stokes equations are given, and examples of instability of initial value (at t=0) problems are also given. The initial value problem of Navier-Stokes equation is one of the most fundamental problem for this equation various authors studies this problem and contributed a number of results. J. Lerav, a French professor, proved the existence of Navier-Stokes equation under certain defined initial and boundary value conditions. In this paper, with certain rigorously defined key concepts, based upon the basic theory of J. Hadamard partial differential equations¹, gives a fundamental theory of instability of Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, many examples are given, proofs referring to Ref. [4].     

Stability for basic system of equations of atmospheric motion

The topological characteristics for the basic system of equations of atmospheric motion were analyzed with the help of method provided by stratification theory. It was proved that in the local rectangular coordinate system the basic system of equations of atmospheric motion is stable in infinitely differentiable function class. In the sense of local solution, the necessary and sufficient conditions by which the typical problem for determining solution is well posed were also given. Such problems as something about ＂speculating future from past＂ in atmospheric dynamics and how to amend the conditions for determining solution as well as the choice of underlying surface when involving the practical application were further discussed. It is also pointed out that under the usual conditions, three motion equations and continuity equation in the basic system of equations determine entirely the property of this system of equations.     

COMPARISON OF STABILITY BETWEEN NAVIER-STOKES AND EULER EQUATIONS

The stability about Navier-Stokes equation and Euler equation was brought into comparison. And by taking their typical initial value problem for example, the reason of leading to the difference in stability between Navier-Stokes equation and Euler equation was also analyzed.     

Stability of theoretical model for catastrophic weather prediction

Stability related to theoretical model for catastrophic weather prediction, which includes non-hydrostatic perfect elastic model and anelastic model, is discussed and analyzed in detail. It is proved that non-hydrostatic perfect elastic equations set is stable in the class of infinitely differentiable function. However, for the anelastic equations set, its continuity equation is changed in form because of the particular hypothesis for fluid, so "the matching consisting of both viscosity coefficient and incompressible assumption" appears, thereby the most important equations set of this class in practical prediction shows the same instability in topological property as Navier-Stokes equation, which should be avoided first in practical numerical prediction. In light of this, the referenced suggestions to amend the applied model are finally presented.     

Stochastic differential equations for the kinetic and hydrodynamic equations

A finite system of stochastic interacting particles is considered. The system approximates the solutions of the kinetic equations (the Boltzmann equation, the Boltzmann-Enskog equation) as well as the solutions describing the macroscopic evolution of fluids: the Euler and the Navier-Stokes hydrodynamic equations.     

扩散抛物化Navier-Stokes方程数值解法评述

20世纪60年代末期在边界层理论基础上发展起来的各种简化Navier-Stokes (N-S)方程(统称为扩散抛物化N-S方程)及其算法, 较为彻底地解决了无黏流及黏流的相互干扰问题, 并为高雷诺数大型复杂黏性流场的数值模拟开辟了新的途径. 本文将系统地评述这一领域的主要成果, 包括各种简化N-S模型的优缺点; 数学奇性及正则化方法; 代表性的数值解法以及最近几年的新进展.      

近岸非平整海底上耗散动力系统的广义波作用量守恒方程

为刻划近岸波-流-海底相互作用耗散动力系统的多种复杂作用机制，着眼于波浪对近岸大尺度变化环境流作用和考虑多变海底地形(可典型地刻划为由慢变水深和快变水深构成)的影响，由基于黏性流体Navie-Stokes方程的平均流方程，建立了近岸耗散动力系统的广义波作用量守恒方程，从中提出垂向速度波作用量和耗散波作用量这两种新概念，使得它们和经典的波作用量相互间达成了一种互补、协调而又主次分明的更为广泛的守恒形式．从而把波作用量这一经典概念从理想的平均流守恒系统引申到实际的平均流耗散系统(即广义守恒系统)中去，为解释沿岸过程和应用于近海、海岸工程提供了一个理论基础．     

高雷诺数流动的基本控制方程体系和扩散跑物化Navier-Stokes方程组的意义和用途

在计算机发达的时代, 高雷诺($Re$)数绕流计算中有无必要使用简化NS方程组, 本文讨论这个问题. 主要内容如下: (1)高$Re$数绕流包含3种基本流动: 所有方向对流占优流动、所有方向对流扩散竞争流动和部分方向对流占优部分方向对流扩散竞争流动(简称干扰剪切流动), 3个基本流动的特征彼此不同且在流场中所占领域大小彼此相差悬殊, NS方程区域很小,它们的最简单控制方程组Euler、Navier-Stokes (NS)和扩散抛物化(DP) NS方程组的数学性质彼此不同, 因此利用Euler-DPNS-NS方程组体系分析计算高$Re$数绕流流动就是一个合乎逻辑的选择, 该法与利用单一NS方程组的常用方法可以彼此检验和补充. (2)流体之间以及流体与外界的动量、能量和质量交换, 流态从层流到湍流的演化主要发生在干扰剪切流动中, 干扰剪切流及其最简单控制方程------DPNS方程组具有基础意义; DPNS方程组笔者在1967年已提出. (3)诸简化NS方程组: DPNS、抛物化(P)NS、薄层(TL)NS、黏性层(VL)NS方程组的发展、相互关系, 它们的历史贡献和今后的用途; 它们的数学性质均为扩散抛物型, 但它们包含的黏性项彼此有所不同; 从流体力学角度来看, 它们中只有DPNS方程组能够准确描述干扰剪切流动. 提出把诸简化NS方程组统一为DPNS方程组的建议. (4)干扰剪切流------DPNS方程组与无干扰剪切流------边界层方程组之间的关系以及进一步研究干扰剪切流的意义.      

扁球面网壳的混沌运动研究

在圆形三向网架非线性动力学基本方程的基础上,用拟壳法给出了圆底扁球面三向网壳的非线性动力学基本方程．在固定边界条件下,引入了异于等厚度壳的无量纲量,对基本方程和边界条件进行无量纲化,通过Galerkin作用得到了一个含二次、三次的非线性动力学方程．为求Melnikov函数,对一类非线性动力系统的自由振动方程进行了求解,得到了此类问题的准确解．在无激励情况下,讨论了稳定性问题．在外激励情况下,通过求Melnikov函数,给出了可能发生混沌运动的条件．通过数字仿真绘出了平面相图,证实了混沌运动的存在．     

球面各向同性弹性力学的位移解法

本文引入三个位移函数（ｗ，Ｇ，ψ），将球面各向同性弹性力学运动方程，简化为关于ψ的二阶偏微分方程，和关于Ｗ和Ｇ的联立方程。在静力学问题中，联立方程可进一步简化，ｗ和Ｇ可用另一位移函数Ｆ表示，而Ｆ满足一个四阶偏微分方程。在球壳固有振动问题中，则简化为一个独立的二阶常微分方程，和另两个二阶的联立的常微分方程，证明了在多层球壳中，它们分别对应独立的两类振动。改进了常微分方程的解法，并计算了一个二层球壳的频率。     

进动圆筒内液体流动不稳定的非线性特征

在建立进动充液圆筒内液体偏差流动方程的基础上，结合液体惯性波和轴向二次流动线性解，通过对定常二次流动的线性稳定性分析，提出了函数空间表达的流动不稳定性非线性分岔分析方程. 对非惯性坐标系下液体流动的Navier-Stokes方程进行了数值求解，并对惯性波发生破裂(实验提供的3种主模态下得出的共振破裂现象)时的压力时间序列进行分析，得出了液体流动不稳定的基本非线性特征.     

考虑惯性效应的渗流方程及相关阻力标度律

本文基于体积平均法推导得到了多孔介质中考虑惯性效应时的局部线化宏观流动方程,由此可以递推得到较大雷诺数Re 时Navier-Stokes 方程的解,从而避免了直接求解Navier-Stokes 方程所带来的计算成本高和计算稳定性差的问题．针对正方形周期排列模型的算例表明,平均速度方向与宏观压力梯度方向并不总是一致,一般情况下,随着Re 增大,二者差异也会增大．当固定平均速度方向v ? 时,压差阻力在较大的Re 范围内存在标度律,标度指数约为3．该标度指数与弱惯性区域标度指数一致,但弱惯性区域Re 范围仅为0相似文献   

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

Bifurcation on synchronous full annular rub of rigid-rotor elastic-support system

An aero-engine rotor system is simplified as an unsymmetrical-rigid-rotor with nonlinear-elastic-support based on its characteristics. Governing equations of the rubbing system, obtained from the Lagrange equation, are solved by the averaging method to find the bifurcation equations. Then, according to the two-dimensional constraint bifurcation theory, transition sets and bifurcation diagrams of the system with and without rubbing are given to study the influence of system eccentricity and damping on the bifurcation behaviors, respectively. Finally, according to the Lyapunov stability theory, the stability region of the steady-state rubbing solution, the boundary of static bifurcation, and the Hopf bifurcation are determined to discuss the influence of system parameters on the evolution of system motion. The results may provide some references for the designer in aero rotor systems.     

不可压粘流N－S方程的边界积分解法

对原变量的Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行一阶时间离散，采用共轭梯度法解除压强－速度的耦合．对所得的一系列Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ方程、Ｐｏｓｓｉｏｎ方程和Ｈｅｌｍｈｏｔｚ方程均进行边界积分法求解，首次得到了粘性Ｎ－Ｓ方程的边界积分表示式．圆柱的定常、非定常尾迹计算结果表明了本文方法的有效性．     

Thermomechanical instability in steady operating regime of continuous-flow chemical reactor with fixed catalyzer bed

A continuous-flow chemical reactor with fixed bed is a vessel filled with a porous catalyzer through which a liquid or gaseous reagent mixture is filtered. The motion of the mixture in this system is maintained by the pressure differential which compensates for the hydraulic resistance.The complete system of equations describing the mass-and heat-transfer processes in the continuous-flow chemical reactor includes the mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations [1], Usually, in the study of the existence and stability of steady reactor operating regimes, very simple reactor models are analyzed, in which only the mass-conservation equation in the form of the diffusion equation and the energy-conservation equation in the form of the heat-conduction equation are taken into account. The equation of motion drops out of consideration, since the velocity of the reagent mixture with the reaction products through the reactor is considered given and unvarying for disturbances of the steady operating regime.The purpose of the present study is to indicate the possibility of instability in the steady-process regime of a chemical reactor, which is associated with the fact that any temperature (and also concentration) variation within the reactor with disturbances of the steady regime will, generally speaking, lead to variation of the mixture viscosity and, consequently, to variation of the hydraulic resistance and the filtration velocity. This interconnection is an additional factor which may have a significant effect on the behavior of disturbances of the steady regime.In contrast with thermal, kinetic, and thermokinetic instability [2], it is natural to refer to the instability being investigated as thermomechanical instability. Let us consider an example.     

Stability analysis of the whirl motion of a breathing cracked rotor with asymmetric rotational damping

The stability of the whirl motion of a breathing cracked rotor with the distinction of stationary damping and the asymmetric rotational damping is studied. By Lagrange’s principal, the motion equations are formed in rotational frame such that the multi-asymmetric system, i.e., asymmetric rotational damping and asymmetric time-periodic varying stiffness, is simplified to be a system with anisotropic damping and anisotropic time-periodical varying stiffness in rotational operation. Based on the multiple scales solution of the simplified whirling equation in moving frame, root locus method for stability analysis is proposed. Different from the former stability estimation method, the corresponding Campbell diagram, decay rate plot, and root locus plot of the fifth-order approach are derived to prove the effects of both crack depth and damping effects. The numerical results of the instabilizing effects of the crack depth are well agreeing with the previous studies. In addition, the destabilizing influence of the rotational damping on the breathing cracked rotor is presented for the first time.     

多自由度参激系统稳定性的数值分析

提出多自由度周期参激系统稳定性的数值直接法。通过将扰动方程表示成状态方程形式,再根据Flo-quet理论将扰动解表示成指数特征分量与周期分量之积,并将其周期分量与系统周期系数展成Fourier级数,导出一系列代数方程,建立矩阵特征值问题,从而由数值求解特征值可直接确定参激系统的稳定性。该方法可用于一般周期参激阻尼系统,特征值矩阵不含逆子阵。应用于斜拉索在支座周期运动激励下的参激振动不稳定性分析,数值结果表明该方法的有效性。     

An explicit finite volume element method for solving characteristic level set equation on triangular grids

Level set methods are widely used for predicting evolutions of complex free surface topologies,such as the crystal and crack growth,bubbles and droplets deformation,spilling and breaking waves,and two-phase flow phenomena.This paper presents a characteristic level set equation which is derived from the two-dimensional level set equation by using the characteristic-based scheme.An explicit finite volume element method is developed to discretize the equation on triangular grids.Several examples are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method for calculating interface evolutions in time.The proposed level set method is also coupled with the Navier-Stokes equations for two-phase immiscible incompressible flow analysis with surface tension.The Rayleigh-Taylor instability problem is used to test and evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.