多级孔IM-5分子筛的简易制备及其在甲烷芳构化中的催化性能

采用一步水热晶化法、不添加第二模板剂、仅通过控制合成条件,制备了具有多级孔道结构的IM-5-H分子筛。多级孔IM-5-H材料展现了与常规IM-5-C分子筛不同的形貌、结构和酸性质。由于IM-5-H分子筛载体介孔结构的促进作用,钼基Mo-IM-5-H催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中表现出较高的甲烷转化率（13.1%）、芳烃产率（7.5%）和稳定性。该研究为合成多级孔IM-5材料提供了一种简便的方法,同时扩展了微孔-介孔复合材料在甲烷芳构化反应中的应用。     

多级孔IM-5分子筛的简易制备及其在甲烷芳构化中的催化性能（英文）

采用一步水热晶化法、不添加第二模板剂、仅通过控制合成条件,制备了具有多级孔道结构的IM-5-H分子筛。多级孔IM-5-H材料展现了与常规IM-5-C分子筛不同的形貌、结构和酸性质。由于IM-5-H分子筛载体介孔结构的促进作用,钼基Mo-IM-5-H催化剂在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中表现出较高的甲烷转化率(13.1%)、芳烃产率(7.5%)和稳定性。该研究为合成多级孔IM-5材料提供了一种简便的方法,同时扩展了微孔-介孔复合材料在甲烷芳构化反应中的应用。     

IM-5分子筛在Ni-Cu催化剂甲烷热裂解制氢反应中的作用研究

甲烷热裂解制氢并生成高附加值的纳米碳材料,被认为是极具发展前景的氢气生产途径,但高性能催化剂的研发仍存在诸多挑战.我们选择多种载体(TS-1、 IM-5、 Y、介孔SiO₂、 γ-Al₂O₃、 CNTs),采用浸渍法制备Ni-Cu负载催化剂,通过低温N2吸附-脱附、 XRD、 SEM和H₂-TPR等系列表征方法对样品进行分析,考察不同载体对催化剂甲烷裂解制氢和纳米碳材料的影响.实验结果发现,分子筛载体独特的孔道结构有利于金属颗粒的分散,能有效避免反应中界面效应导致的催化剂失活,可提高催化剂反应活性并延长反应寿命,也显著提高了其碳产率.其中以IM-5分子筛为载体的催化剂表现最佳,在反应温度为700℃时, NiCu/IM-5催化剂甲烷转化率高达80%,氢气选择性达100%,反应400 min后活性未见明显降低. NiCu/IM-5催化剂碳产率高达1 446 g_C/g_cat,是NiCu/SiO₂催化剂的5.7倍, NiCu/γ-Al     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其在甲醇脱水制二甲醚反应中的应用

以四丙基氨为微孔模版剂,阳离子高分子聚合物为介孔模版剂,合成了具有多级介孔的ZSM-5分子筛,并用于甲醇气相脱水合成二甲醚.结果表明,加入阳离子高分子聚合物后,合成的HZSM-5分子筛样品既保持了其MFI典型结构,又呈现了多级介孔特征;随着阳离子高分子聚合物模板剂加入量的增加,其多级介孔特征更为明显.具有多级介孔的HZSM-5分子筛表现出比常规微孔HZSM-5分子筛高的反应稳定性和二甲醚选择性,这主要是由于其织构和酸性的双重作用.     

改性HZSM-5分子筛上噻吩烷基化反应和失活再生性能的研究

采用不同碱单独处理和两种碱不同方式联合处理HZSM-5分子筛,制备微孔-介孔多级孔HZSM-5分子筛催化剂并应用于噻吩烷基化反应中。结果表明,不同碱单独处理和两种碱不同方式联合处理HZSM-5分子筛后,均能够在分子筛上造出介孔孔道且能够调变分子筛的酸性,其中,采用Na₂CO₃溶液和TPAOH溶液分开处理得到的分子筛催化剂织结构最适合噻吩烷基化反应;其次考察具有最佳织结构分子筛催化剂的噻吩烷基化反应稳定性,并分析催化剂失活的原因和再生条件。结果表明,当噻吩烷基化反应进行到1050 h后,催化剂已基本失活,催化剂失活的主要原因是,在反应过程中原料中反应组分间发生烯烃齐聚、环化、脱氢和芳烃烷基化等副反应生成的大分子化合物沉积在催化剂上,堵塞催化剂的孔道和遮盖催化剂的活性中心所致;对失活催化剂进行高温再生,从高温再生的能耗较大以及多次高温再生对催化剂酸性和骨架结构不利的角度考虑,选定催化剂的再生温度为550 ℃。     

分子筛孔结构和酸性对二甲苯异构化反应性能影响

我们成功合成了几种具有典型结构的分子筛,并考察了这些分子筛的孔结构、酸性以及在碳八芳烃异构化反应中的反应性能.结果表明,对于碳八芳烃异构化反应,孔结构和酸性起着重要作用,孔结构决定了反应的类型或方式,而酸性质与反应的活性和选择性密切相关,一个好的碳八芳烃异构化催化剂要同时具备适宜的孔道结构和酸性.     

介孔分子筛研究新进展

介孔分子筛材料作为催化剂或催化剂载体为有机大分子参与反应提供了有利的空间构型和择形活性中心,在石油加工工业中具有潜在的应用优势。但由于介孔分子筛材料的水热稳定性比较低,且酸性较弱,极大地影响了其在催化领域中的广泛应用。本文综述了近年硅基介孔分子筛的改性研究进展,重点讨论了在提高介孔分子筛酸性和水热稳定性方面的研究工作。     

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛对低阶煤流化床快速热解产物分布的影响

采用晶种诱导法和碱处理法制备了不同介-微孔复合结构的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,利用XRD、TEM、NH3-TPD、氮气物理吸附等手段对其结构性质进行了表征,并考察了其对低阶煤流化床快速热解产物分布的影响。结果表明,碱处理后不同程度上增加了分子筛催化剂的比表面积、介孔孔容和平均孔径。多级孔ZSM-5分子筛促进了热解挥发分中脂肪烃的裂解环化和酚池的解离,提高了焦油中轻质芳烃的收率。在碱浓度为0.3 mol/L时轻质芳烃收率达到最大,其中,单环芳烃和萘/甲基萘较微孔分子筛分别增加了2.7倍和0.9倍。在碱浓度达到0.4 mol/L时,由于过度脱硅造成表面塌陷,分子筛催化剂性能下降。     

四丙基氢氧化铵改性Mo/HZSM-5催化甲烷甲醇共芳构化反应性能

采用四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）处理HZSM-5分子筛,并负载金属Mo。利用XRD、低温氮气吸附、27Al MAS NMR、29Si MAS NMR和NH3-TPD等表征技术对TPAOH改性前后催化剂的结构和酸性进行了研究,考察了其对甲烷甲醇共芳构化反应的催化性能。结构表征结果表明,适量的TPAOH改性可提高HZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度,样品中介孔含量明显增加并且弱酸量和强酸量也有所增加。反应性能测试表明,以6 % Mo 负载的HZSM-5（6Mo/HZSM-5）为催化剂,在700 ℃、甲烷体积空速为2000h-1的反应条件下,甲烷中添加少量甲醇（nCH4/nCH3OH=20）时,甲烷转化率稳定在10 %左右,苯选择性在70 %以上,C7-C9高碳芳烃的选择性为4 %。在0.1 M TPAOH改性6Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上,甲烷转化率为8%左右,苯选择性稳定在60%以上,C7-C9高碳芳烃的选择性提升到10-17 %。利用TG和TPO技术对反应后样品的积碳情况进行了表征,发现甲烷甲醇共进料时催化剂积碳量由甲烷单独进料时的15%降低至5%,0.1 M的TPAOH改性后积碳量则进一步降低至1.4 %。TPAOH改性的催化剂上介孔含量的增加和强酸中心上的稠环芳烃含量的减少是反应后积碳量显著下降的主要原因,这有利于提高芳构化催化剂的稳定性和碳原子的有效利用率。     

A New Way to Obtain Mo/HZSM-5 Catalyst with High Activity and Selectivity for Methane Dehydro-aromatization 一种制备高活性和高稳定性甲烷无氧芳构化Mo/HZSM-5的新方法

 采用气相化学沉积法对HZSM-5分子筛的外表面进行选择性修饰,然后将它作为载体制备Mo/HZSM-5 催化剂,并应用于甲烷无氧脱氢芳构化反应. 改性的催化剂比未改性的催化剂表现出更好的甲烷转化活性、芳烃选择性和稳定性,明显地抑制了积碳的生成. 利用核磁氢谱对催化剂进行了表征. 在未经改性的Mo/HZSM-5催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中含有1.12个B酸中心, 而在改性后的催化剂表面,平均每个晶胞中只有0.61个B酸位. 说明在甲烷无氧芳构化反应中,少量的B酸中心即可达到反应要求,过多的酸性位只会导致更多积碳物种的生成,从而加快催化剂失活速度,降低其稳定性.     

Synthesis of zeolite IM-5 under rotating and static conditions and the catalytic performance of Mo/H-IM-5 catalyst in methane non-oxidative aromatization

The hydrothermal crystallization of zeolite IM-5 was investigated under rotating (denoted as IM-5-R) and static (denoted as IM-5-S) synthesis conditions. Mo-modified catalysts (Mo-IM-5-R and Mo-IM-5-S) were prepared for the methane non-oxidative aromatization. The physical properties and acidities of the samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and IR spectroscopy. Compared with Mo-IM-5-S, the Mo-IM-5-R catalyst showed both a higher conversion of methane and higher selectivity to benzene in methane aromatization. A higher catalytic activity of Mo-IM-5-R may be attributed to the preferable textural properties and acidities of zeolite IM-5-R. Moreover, the catalyst prepared by the physical mixing method exhibited lower initial activity, but better stability for methane aromatization than that prepared by the impregnation method.     

Catalytic upgrading of lignin derived bio-oil model compound using mesoporous solid catalysts

The catalytic upgrading of a lignin-derived bio-oil model compound, the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, was performed using mesoporous solid catalysts. Platinum supported on silica and mesoporous silica (SBA-15 and KIT-6) were used as catalysts. The level of platinum incorporation and aluminum grafting did not alter the physical properties of the supports, such as surface area and pore size distribution. On the other hand, these treatments drastically affected the catalytic activities. A catalyst with platinum alone converted guaiacol to oxygenate compounds. In contrast, a series of catalysts with both platinum incorporation and aluminum grafting enhanced hydrodeoxygenation by converting guaiacol into hydrocarbons (cyclohexane and benzene). A comparison of the catalyst supports revealed the ordered mesoporous silica, SBA-15 and KIT-6, with high surface area, to have a higher hydrocarbon yield than conventional silica.     

Preparation of mesoporous molecular sieve based hydrocracking catalysts

A series of hydrocracking catalysts based on mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15 with different silica to alumina ratios was prepared. Nickel and molybdenum were used as active metals to impregnate the extrudates prepared by using molecular sieves. The catalysts were characterized for physical and chemical properties and evaluated for the hydrocraking of desulfurised vacuum gas oil. The conversion of DS-VGO was lower as compared to that of the catalyst based on USY zeolite. However, the gas yield was lower in case of mesoporous materials based catalysts.     

MCM-41 supported Cu-Mn catalysts for catalytic oxidation of toluene at low temperatures

Complete catalytic oxidation of toluene was investigated on Cu-Mn doped mesoporous and microporous catalysts, i.e., Cu-Mn/MCM-41, Cu-Mn/beta-zeolite, Cu-Mn/ZSM-5 (where SiO2/Al2O3 is either 25 or 38), and Cu-Mn/porous silica, in the presence of excess oxygen. The result shows that mesoporous catalysts have exhibited the highest catalytic activity among these catalysts above. The less amount of coke formation due to the unique mesoporous structures could play a key role in the high activity on the mesoporous catalyst. In addition, the bimetallic Cu-Mn-MCM-41 supported catalyst shows higher oxidation activity than either single metal catalyst, i.e., Cu-MCM-41 and Mn-MCM-41. The highly dispersed Cu-Mn mixed oxides on mesoporous structures probably provide active sites for the complete oxidation of toluene on these mesoporous catalysts.     

Catalytic performances of Ni/mesoporous SiO_2 catalysts for dry reforming of methane to hydrogen

Several mesoporous silicas with different morphologies were controllably prepared by sol-gel method with adjustable ratio of dual template,and they were further impregnated with aqueous solution of nickel nitrate,followed by calcination in air.The synthesized silica supports and supported nickel samples were characterized using N_2-adsorption/desorption,X-ray diffraction(XRD),H_2 temperature-programmed reduction(H_2-TPR),Scanning electron microscope(SEM),Transmission electron microscope(TEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA-DTG) techniques.The Ni nanoparticles supported on shell-like silica are highly dispersed and yielded much narrower nickel particle-size than those on other mesoporous silica.The methane reforming with dioxide carbon reaction results showed that Ni nanoparticles supported on shell-like silica carrier exhibited the better catalytic performance and catalytic stability than those of nickel catalyst supported on other silica carrier.The thermo-gravimetric analysis on used nickel catalysts uncovered that catalyst deactivation depends on the type and nature of the coke deposited.The heterogeneous nature of the deposited coke was observed on nickel nanoparticles supported on spherical and peanut-like silica.Much narrower and lower TGA derivative peak was founded on Ni catalyst supported on the shell-like silica.     

Effects of support pore size on new Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40)/SiO_2 catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of tetrahydrofuran

Mesoporous silica supported Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12)O_(40) catalysts were prepared by impregnation method,and several silica supports with different pore size were utilized.N_2 adsorption,XRD and ICP-AES techniques were utilized to characterize the silica supports and catalysts.XRD results showed that the dispersion of Cs_(2.5)H_(0.5)PW_(12) was better for the silica support with larger pore size.The catalytic activity results showed that the pore size played important role on the catalyst activity and the...     

Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Diesel Fuel by Vanadium Granular-Shape Mesoporous (V/GMS) Silica System as Nanocatalyst

The performance of V-containing granular-shape mesoporous (V/GSM) silica systems in oxidative desulfurization of model diesel fuel was studied. FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, N₂ adsorption-desorption, UV-Vis, and NH₃-TPD techniques were used to analyze the surface properties of the functionalized catalyst. The mesostructure of silica remains intact after vanadium modifications as shown by XRD and adsorption-desorption analysis, while spectroscopy indicates the successful impregnation of neat vanadium oxide inside the porous silica support. The oxidation desulfurization of model diesel fuel was effectively catalyzed by this catalyst and the highest activity was shown by 4.8% V/GSM catalyst. Compared with their conventional V/MCF and V/MCM-41 counterparts, SSM-supported vanadium catalysts showed much higher activity. This may be associated with the higher reducibility and better diffusion of reactants and products in V/MCF and V/MCM-41catalysts.     

甲烷在Mo/HZSM-5催化剂上的脱氢聚合反应

对不同Mo含量的Mo／HZSM－5催化剂的结构进行了表征，并对这些催化剂的甲烷非氧气氛下的转化反应进行了考察．催化剂的BET比表面积及酸性随Mo含量的增加而降低，当Mo含量大于5％时，Mo对ZSM－5分子筛的晶型有影响，并出现MoO3物相．甲烷在700℃时可高选择性地生成苯和乙烯，最佳Mo含量大约为2％．纯的MoO3或HZSM－5上该反应几乎不进行，因此，可能是分散的钼氧离子和分子筛的酸中心是甲烷转化的活性中心，只有二者的协同作用才能促进甲烷的转化．反应后催化剂中的钼物种被还原了．催化剂上的积炭可能是催化剂失活的主要原因之一，烧炭后催化剂活性基本恢复．     

甲烷部分氧化制甲醛催化剂MoO_3／SiO_2及MoO-3·MxOy／SiO_2的程序升温还原研究

利用程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ）方法，研究了甲烷部分氧化制甲醛催化剂ＭｏＯ３／ＳｉＯ２及添加金属氧化物的ＭｏＯ３·ＭｘＯｙ／ＳｉＯ２（Ｍ＝Ｖ、Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ）催化剂上，活性组分在载体上的分散及ＭｏＯ３与ＭｘＯｙ的相互作用．发现钼含量的提高不利于ＭｏＯ３在ＳｉＯ２上的分散，催化剂表面晶相ＭｏＯ３随钼含量的提高而增多．ＳｉＯ２上担载的活性组分有一个最佳值，对应于最佳催化活性．ＭｏＯ３·ＭｘＯｙ／ＳｉＯ２催化剂中ＭｏＯ３与ＭｘＯｙ发生了不同的相互作用，影响催化剂表面的活性氧物种，导致它们对甲烷氧化活性和甲醛选择性的不同．ＭｏＯ３·Ｖ２Ｏ５／ＳｉＯ２是比较好的催化剂，且Ｖ２Ｏ５添加量有最佳值，对应甲烷氧化制甲醛也有较高的活性和选择性．