多钒氧簇化学研究进展

多钒氧簇由于具有组成、结构和尺寸易于调控、氧化还原性以及低腐蚀性等优点,在光电、磁性、催化以及医药等领域具有广阔的应用前景,已成为多酸化学领域的研究热点之一。本文结合近年来国内外及本课题组关于多钒氧簇化学的研究,综述了多钒氧簇的合成、结构及性能研究进展,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

取代型钒氧簇合物

钒氧簇是多金属氧簇的一个重要分支.由于钒氧簇具有多样的结构、优良的物理特性,使得其在催化、磁性及光学材料等方面具有广阔的应用前景,引起了人们的日益关注.将主族的金属或非金属元素引入到钒氧簇体系,可以形成结构新颖的取代型钒氧簇.新颖构型及其拓展结构取代型钒氧簇合物的合成,极大地丰富了钒氧簇的结构类型,推动了钒氧簇合成化学...     

无机-有机多金属砷钒氧簇合物的合成及研究进展

多金属砷钒氧簇合物由于具有结构多样性、优良的物理特性以及广泛的应用前景而引起人们的关注。该类簇合物的合成战略是将有机配体和过渡金属配合物连接到砷钒氧骨架上以获得各种新奇结构。按此策略人们合成出一系列新奇的无机有机砷钒氧簇合物。本文综述了多金属砷钒氧簇合物的合成方法、结构性质等方面的研究进展,并对其今后研究前景进行了展望。     

多金属氧簇催化研究进展

多金属氧簇由于其组成和结构易于调控、具有酸性、氧化还原性、低毒性和低腐蚀性等优点,作为工业催化剂具有广阔的应用前景,是多酸化学领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了近5年来多金属氧簇在催化领域中研究的新进展,主要包括多金属氧簇的酸催化、氧化催化、双功能催化、加氢和活化二氧化碳合成碳酸酯等催化反应以及多金属氧簇的工业化应用等,并对未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料

氧化锰、钒氧簇构筑块经与有机组分组合可形成新型结构的锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料。人们预测锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料将兼有金属锰配合物和钒氧无机-有机杂化材料结构的多样性、独特的物理性质和广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来锰钒氧无机-有机杂化材料的合成、组成、结构及有关性质的研究与进展。     

具有四帽假Keggin结构"簇阴离子对"的多金属氧簇[Co(2,2-bipy)3]4[MoⅤ5MoⅥ5VⅣ6O40(PO4)]2·4H2O的水热合成与晶体结构

金属氧簇合物在催化、医药和材料等方面的应用越来越成为无机化学研究的热点[1～4]. 在众多的金属氧簇合物中, 只有几种双帽及四帽Keggin结构被合成出来[5 ～12], 而含有四帽假Keggin结构的钼钒氧簇合物尚未见报道.     

质谱在多金属氧簇化学中的应用

随着多金属氧簇化学的发展,迫切需要将多金属氧簇的液相反应过程和固相结构有机结合起来,以便更好地指导功能导向性多金属氧簇的设计与合成。传统的分析方法对一些特殊结构的多金属氧簇以及溶液自组装机理的研究具有局限性。随着软电离技术的发展,尤其是电喷雾电离(ESI)和基质辅助激光解吸电离(MALDI)的发明,质谱(MS)技术越来越多应用在简单无机化合物、配合物及金属有机化合物的研究中。多金属氧簇属无机高分子,是一类结构较特殊的无机配合物,多阴离子自身常带多个负电荷。钼、钨等具有较多同位素,可方便通过理论模拟与实际测量同位素分布的对比确定簇离子的准确组成。本文综述了质谱技术在多金属氧簇化学中的应用,如ESI-MS分析多阴离子在溶液中存在形式、监测反应过程、推断自组装机理,并对其在多金属氧簇化学中的应用前景进行了展望。     

一维链状配位聚合物[Cu(en)_2]_2[Cu(en)_2·α-As_8~ⅢV_(14)~ⅣO_(42)(HPO_4)]·8H_2O的合成与晶体结构

钒氧化合物由于其有趣的阴离子结构和在催化反应、药物化学以及材料科学等领域中的应用而受到人们的关注[1,2].近年来,一些具有1D链、2D层和3D开放骨架结构的钒氧化合物陆续被报道[3~7].由于柔软的V—O—V键和其可调变的多面体,一些金属原子(如W,Mo,P,As等)可被引入钒氧团簇而形成异构的或新的氧簇结构.在笼状的[As8V14O42]4-阴离子中可包含一些小的无机分子(如SO23-、SO42-、H2O或HPO24-)[8~14].我们[10]曾报道了[As8V14O42]4-笼内包含HPO4基团的化合物[Co(en)3]2·2H3O·[As8V14O42(HPO4)]·2H2O.本文通过在As-V反应体系…     

具有四帽假Keggin结构“簇阴离子对”的多金属氧簇[Co(2,2-bipy)_3]_4[Mo_5~ⅤMo_5~ⅥV_6~ⅣO_(40)(PO_4)]_2·4H_2O的水热合成与晶体结构

金属 -氧簇合物在催化、医药和材料等方面的应用越来越成为无机化学研究的热点 [1～ 4 ] .在众多的金属 -氧簇合物中 ,只有几种双帽及四帽 Keggin结构被合成出来 [5～ 12 ] ,而含有四帽假 Keggin结构的钼 -钒 -氧簇合物尚未见报道 .我们用水热合成方法合成了第一个具有四帽假 Keggin结构“簇阴离子对”{Mo10 V6 O4 0 ( PO4 ) }2 的多金属氧簇 [Co( 2 ,2 - bipy) 3]4 [Mo10 V6 O4 0 ( PO4 ) ]2 · 4H2 O.该化合物是由四帽假Keggin结构“簇阴离子对”{Mo10 V6 O4 0 ( PO4 ) }2 和 4个配位阳离子 [Co( 2 ,2 - bipy) 3]2 +通过阴阳离…     

含铋金属氧簇的研究进展

含铋金属氧簇结构的多样性和多功能性使其在诸多领域有着非常广泛的应用。本文总结了已报道的50多个含铋金属氧簇化合物,根据Bi(Ⅲ)在金属氧簇中所充当的作用,可将含铋金属氧簇分成4大类:(1)Bi(Ⅲ)作为中心杂原子;(2)Bi(Ⅲ)作为取代原子;(3)Bi(Ⅲ)作为桥联原子;(4)Bi(Ⅲ)作为终端原子,分别对其合成和结构的发展现状进行总结。同时,介绍了含铋金属氧簇在催化、磁性、光学、药物等方面的应用,并对其前景进行了展望。通过本文可以很好了解含铋金属氧簇的合成、性能及发展,对多金属氧簇的拓展研究有重要意义。     

A novel polyoxovanadium borate incorporating an organic amine ligand: synthesis and structure of [V12B16O50(OH)7(en)]7-

A novel 1D chain organic-inorganic hybrid polyoxovanadium borate Na[V(12)B(16)O(50)(OH)(7)(en)](2)(enH(2))(6)(enH)(2)(OH)(H(2)O)(19) (1, en = ethylenediamine), based on a [V(12)B(16)O(50)(OH)(7)(en)](7-) cluster unit, has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, organic amine is incorporating into the V(12)B(16) clusters.     

Disordered structures of the TM-Mg-Zn 1/1 quasicrystal approximants (TM = Hf, Zr, or Ti) and chemical intergrowth

The structures of three quasicrystal approximant phases in the TM-Mg-Zn (TM = Hf, Zr, Ti) systems with the analyzed compositions Hf5Mg18Zn77, Zr5Mg18Zn77, and Ti5.5Mg17.5Zn77 have been synthesized, and their structures have been analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure analyses revealed that these cubic phases with the space group Pm3 contain two different rhombic-triacontahedral clusters. These clusters are so-called Bergman-type atomic clusters and previously known approximants of face-centered icosahedral (F-type) quasicrystals are composed only of Mackay-type clusters, thus these compounds are seen as new prototype structures. Electron density maps calculated by the maximum entropy method (MEM) show that one of the atomic clusters displays characteristic structural disorder. The disorder in these phases is related to the chemical intergrowth of different Friauf polyhedra, and the prospects of new guide lines for finding quasicrystals composed of such polyhedra are discussed.     

稀土-钛氧簇合物的研究进展

稀土-钛氧簇合物作为团簇化学的一个新分支, 不但结合了稀土和钛离子的特性, 而且由于二者的协同效应而表现出优异的光、 电、 磁和催化性能.本文综合评述了不同配体稀土-钛氧簇合物的合成与结构, 介绍了稀土-钛氧簇合物的代表性成果, 并对其合成策略和发展前景进行了总结和展望.     

羧酸类金属有机框架材料的合成及应用

金属-有机框架材料(Metal-Organic?Frameworks,简称MOFs)是由金属离子（簇）与有机桥接配体通过配位共价键或弱相互作用自组装形成的一类具有分子内孔隙的有机-无机杂化材料。羧酸类MOFs材料中金属中心和有机羧酸配体的可变性导致了其结构和功能的多样性,在气体的吸附与分离、荧光、传感、药物传输以及电催化等多个领域展现了独特的应用前景,并被认为是当今科学上最有前途的材料之一。对于有机配体的选择,从早期易坍塌的含氮杂环类配体过渡到了如今稳定性好的羧酸类配体,解决了不少以前出现的MOFs材料结构单一易坍塌问题。     

金团簇电催化二氧化碳还原反应的研究进展

二氧化碳电还原反应(CO₂RR)在改善能源利用方式、 实现可持续碳循环以及生产高附加值液体燃料和化学品等方面具有广阔的应用前景, 近年来受到广泛关注. 有机配体保护的金团簇具有确定的晶体结构, 其不同的尺寸、 配体及组成可以有效调控氧化还原电位, 作为一种独特的模型催化剂, 为探索原子水平的CO₂RR反应机理提供了新机遇. 本文综合评述了纯金团簇和异金属原子掺杂的金团簇催化CO₂RR的研究进展, 包括金团簇的电荷、 尺寸、 配体以及掺杂对CO₂RR性能的影响, 重点讨论了CO₂RR的反应机理, 总结了金团簇在CO₂RR中所面临的挑战, 并展望了金团簇在CO₂RR中未来的研究方向和发展前景.     

Quantum Chemistry Close to the Fermi Level: Reducing Clusters to Few Active Hole and/or Electron Systems

Various approximate models to describe the electronic properties of some families of clusters are reviewed. They correspond to specific elementary situations close to the Fermi level where one or few electrons are either removed from (or added to) a closed shell wavefunction. Simple hole-particule excitations are also considered. The models discussed involve diatomics-in-molecules schemes, use of pseudopotential framework extended to replace inert atoms, and finally combinations of both techniques for excited states. Applications to electronic structure of alkaline earth clusters, rare-gas systems or chromophores interacting with rare-gas systems are given also prospects for more complex molecular nanosystems or assemblies.     

Titanium nanocarbides: Synthesis and modeling

The present state of research on the production and modeling of nanostructures based on titanium carbide-a typical representative of an extensive class of carbides of d-and f-metals-is reviewed. Methods for the synthesis of various Ti-C nanostructures (molecular clusters, nanocrystallites, nanospheres, nanofibers, nanowires) are examined, and their morphology, atomic structure, and known physicochemical characteristics are described. Theoretical models of the atomic structure and properties of new types of nanostructures in the titanium-carbon system (endo-and exohedral titanofullerenes, “hybrid” structures based on carbon nanotubes, the so-called peapods, nanocables, and a number of others) and the prospects for their application as components of nanoceramics, hydrogen accumulators, materials for spintronics, etc. are discussed. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 1–23, January–February, 2007.     

A new polyoxovanadium supramolecular complex [(N(CH2CH2NH3)3)2(V6O18)]·3H2O: Synthesis, structure, and thermal properties

A new polyoxovanadium supramolecular complex, [(N(CH₂CH₂NH₃)₃)₂(V₆O₁₈)]·3H₂O (1), was synthesized as a crystalline product from aqueous solution at room temperature. From single crystal X-ray structural analysis, the complex is monoclinic, space group P2₁/n, with a = 15.878(2) ?,b = 11.3309(15) ?, c = 19.469(3) ?, β = 102.244(2)°, V = 3423.0(8) ?³, Z = 4, final R = 0.0469. The crystal structure comprises 1D spiral vanadate chain as the oxide moiety, doubly protonated cations of tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) and three lattice molecules of water. There are numerous H bonds in the structure connecting the polyoxovanadium anion moiety, protonated tren cation and lattice water molecules; the average O...O and N...O distances are 2.753 ? for O-H...O and 2.879 ? for N-H...O, respectively. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2009 by J. Li, Y. H. Xing, M. F. Ge, C. G. Wang, Z. P. Li, and S. Y. Niu The text was submitted by the authors in English. Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 553–559, May–June, 2009.     

Controlled formation of mass-selected Cu-Au core-shell cluster beams

Synthesis of bimetallic clusters is a topic of accelerated interest; their physical and chemical properties are greatly dependent on their composition, size, and structure. The cluster beam technique is widely used for preparation of clusters. However, creating bimetallic clusters with well-controlled composition, size, and structure, especially for larger clusters (>100 atoms), is still a big challenge. Here we demonstrate that not only size and composition but also the structure of bimetallic clusters can be controlled by tuning aggregation parameters.